{"id":110718,"date":"2023-10-13T10:50:59","date_gmt":"2023-10-13T10:50:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alj.com\/perspective\/stretching-budgets-and-lifespans\/"},"modified":"2024-04-16T10:11:22","modified_gmt":"2024-04-16T10:11:22","slug":"stretching-budgets-and-lifespans","status":"publish","type":"perspective","link":"https:\/\/alj.com\/ar\/perspective\/stretching-budgets-and-lifespans\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f&#8230;. \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f 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\/><\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0629<em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 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src=\"https:\/\/alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2023\/09\/1855-ALJ-Healthcare-Spending5-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1595\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627<em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635<\/strong>: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0644\u0627\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/aljhealth.com\/en\/news\/abdul-latif-jameel-health-and-butterfly-network-enter-strategic-distribution-partnership-to-bring-butterfly-iq-ultrasound-device-to-a-potential-2-billion1-people-across-the-middle-east-north-afric\/\">Butterfly iQ+<\/a> \u060c \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 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\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/isonohealth.com\">iSono Health<\/a> \u060c \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u062d \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c 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\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a &#8220;PREDICT&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646\u0629. <a href=\"#_ftn21\"><sup>[21]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 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\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629. <a href=\"#_ftn22\"><sup>[22]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 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\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 &#8220;\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[24]<\/a>. \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.choosingwisely.org\/\">Choosing Wisely<\/a> \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f<a href=\"#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\">[33]<\/a>. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0644\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 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\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[38]<\/a>. \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 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[<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">39]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0631 (\u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636). \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 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\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<a href=\"#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\">[46]<\/a><\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0648\u0636 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u2013 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 8 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635 (\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f).***<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/antimicrobial-resistance\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/antimicrobial-resistance<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/topic\/health\/publication\/drug-resistant-infections-a-threat-to-our-economic-future\">Drug Resistant Infections:\u00a0 A Threat to Our Economic Future<\/a>, World Bank, 2017<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/els\/health-systems\/Tackling-Wasteful-Spending-on-Health-Highlights-revised.pdf\">https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/els\/health-systems\/Tackling-Wasteful-Spending-on-Health-Highlights-revised.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/els\/health-systems\/Tackling-Wasteful-Spending-on-Health-Highlights-revised.pdf\">https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/els\/health-systems\/Tackling-Wasteful-Spending-on-Health-Highlights-revised.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.valuehealthregionalissues.com\/article\/S2212-1099%2818%2930116-X\/pdf\">https:\/\/www.valuehealthregionalissues.com\/article\/S2212-1099%2818%2930116-X\/pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jhpor.com\/article\/1312-drug-procurement-cooperation-lis---norwegian-tender-system-to-reduce-cost-of-expensive-medicines\">https:\/\/www.jhpor.com\/article\/1312-drug-procurement-cooperation-lis&#8212;norwegian-tender-system-to-reduce-cost-of-expensive-medicines<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/ti-health.org\/content\/the-ignored-pandemic\/\">https:\/\/ti-health.org\/content\/the-ignored-pandemic\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC9449116\/#B2\">\u2018Corruption in the health sector: A problem in need of a systems-thinking approach.\u2019<\/a> Emily H.\u00a0 Glynn<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0277953617300837\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0277953617300837<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/pr\/fact-sheet-health-care-fraud-and-abuse-control-program-protects-conusmers-and-taxpayers\">https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/pr\/fact-sheet-health-care-fraud-and-abuse-control-program-protects-conusmers-and-taxpayers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/45090768\">https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/45090768<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dlprog.org\/publications\/research-papers\/islands-of-integrity-reductions-in-bribery-in-uganda-and-south-africa-and-lessons-for-anti-corruption-policy-and-practice\">https:\/\/www.dlprog.org\/publications\/research-papers\/islands-of-integrity-reductions-in-bribery-in-uganda-and-south-africa-and-lessons-for-anti-corruption-policy-and-practice<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/els\/health-systems\/Tackling-Wasteful-Spending-on-Health-Highlights-revised.pdf\">https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/els\/health-systems\/Tackling-Wasteful-Spending-on-Health-Highlights-revised.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama-health-forum\/fullarticle\/2798115\">https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jama-health-forum\/fullarticle\/2798115<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.choosingwisely.org\/\">https:\/\/www.choosingwisely.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/els\/health-systems\/Tackling-Wasteful-Spending-on-Health-Highlights-revised.pdf\">https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/els\/health-systems\/Tackling-Wasteful-Spending-on-Health-Highlights-revised.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/els\/health-systems\/Tackling-Wasteful-Spending-on-Health-Highlights-revised.pdf\">https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/els\/health-systems\/Tackling-Wasteful-Spending-on-Health-Highlights-revised.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/els\/health-systems\/Tackling-Wasteful-Spending-on-Health-Highlights-revised.pdf\">https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/els\/health-systems\/Tackling-Wasteful-Spending-on-Health-Highlights-revised.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.health.org.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/Reducing-Emergency-Admissions-long-term-conditions-briefing.pdf\">https:\/\/www.health.org.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/Reducing-Emergency-Admissions-long-term-conditions-briefing.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/els\/health-systems\/Tackling-Wasteful-Spending-on-Health-Highlights-revised.pdf\">https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/els\/health-systems\/Tackling-Wasteful-Spending-on-Health-Highlights-revised.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/els\/health-systems\/Tackling-Wasteful-Spending-on-Health-Highlights-revised.pdf\">https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/els\/health-systems\/Tackling-Wasteful-Spending-on-Health-Highlights-revised.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/els\/health-systems\/Tackling-Wasteful-Spending-on-Health-Highlights-revised.pdf\">https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/els\/health-systems\/Tackling-Wasteful-Spending-on-Health-Highlights-revised.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/international-health-policy-center\/countries\/norway\">https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/international-health-policy-center\/countries\/norway<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/publications\/fund-reports\/2021\/aug\/mirror-mirror-2021-reflecting-poorly\">https:\/\/www.commonwealthfund.org\/publications\/fund-reports\/2021\/aug\/mirror-mirror-2021-reflecting-poorly<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/apps.who.int\/nha\/database\">https:\/\/apps.who.int\/nha\/database<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240041219\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240041219<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/20-02-2019-countries-are-spending-more-on-health-but-people-are-still-paying-too-much-out-of-their-own-pockets\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/20-02-2019-countries-are-spending-more-on-health-but-people-are-still-paying-too-much-out-of-their-own-pockets<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/universal-health-coverage-(uhc)\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/universal-health-coverage-(uhc)<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/health\/health-spending-set-to-outpace-gdp-growth-to-2030.htm\">https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/health\/health-spending-set-to-outpace-gdp-growth-to-2030.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/dayof8billion#:~:text=On%2015%20November%202022%2C%20the,nutrition%2C%20personal%20hygiene%20and%20medicine\">https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/dayof8billion#:~:text=On%2015%20November%202022%2C%20the,nutrition%2C%20personal%20hygiene%20and%20medicine<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u00a0<a 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name=\"_ftn44\">[44]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/pr\/fact-sheet-health-care-fraud-and-abuse-control-program-protects-conusmers-and-taxpayers\">https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/opa\/pr\/fact-sheet-health-care-fraud-and-abuse-control-program-protects-conusmers-and-taxpayers<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref45\" name=\"_ftn45\">[45]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/45090768\">https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/45090768<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref46\" name=\"_ftn46\">[46]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dlprog.org\/publications\/research-papers\/islands-of-integrity-reductions-in-bribery-in-uganda-and-south-africa-and-lessons-for-anti-corruption-policy-and-practice\">https:\/\/www.dlprog.org\/publications\/research-papers\/islands-of-integrity-reductions-in-bribery-in-uganda-and-south-africa-and-lessons-for-anti-corruption-policy-and-practice<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":110347,"template":"","tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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