{"id":16764,"date":"2019-03-04T06:46:11","date_gmt":"2019-03-04T06:46:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alj.com\/ar\/?post_type=perspective&#038;p=16764"},"modified":"2025-07-08T06:39:22","modified_gmt":"2025-07-08T06:39:22","slug":"%d8%a3%d8%b9%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%8a-%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ac%d9%87%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%9f","status":"publish","type":"perspective","link":"https:\/\/alj.com\/ar\/perspective\/%d8%a3%d8%b9%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%8a-%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ac%d9%87%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%9f\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0644\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628.\u00a0 \u0641\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f.\u00a0 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 3.6 \u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635 (\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627.\u00a0 \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 5.7 \u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2050<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.\u00a0 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u0645\u0631 70% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629\u061f\u00a0 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0642.\u00a0 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 1% \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.\u00a0 \u0648\u062b\u0645\u0629 2% \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0645\u062f\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-16750\" src=\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/World-Water-Chart-1024x520.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"325\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/World-Water-Chart-1024x520.png 1024w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/World-Water-Chart-150x76.png 150w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/World-Water-Chart-300x152.png 300w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/World-Water-Chart-768x390.png 768w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/World-Water-Chart.png 1504w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.\u00a0 \u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.\u00a0 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u0646 <em>&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a <\/em>\u064a\u064f\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0633\u0648\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a&#8221;<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_16751\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-16751\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-16751 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/UN-World-Bank-Heads-300x183.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"183\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/UN-World-Bank-Heads-300x183.jpg 300w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/UN-World-Bank-Heads-150x91.jpg 150w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/UN-World-Bank-Heads.jpg 405w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-16751\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 10px;\">\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u062c \u0643\u064a\u0645 (\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u063a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0633 (\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 \u063a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u062c \u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2018:<\/p>\n<p><em>&#8220;\u2026 \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0624\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>\u0641\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a.\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u0641\u0635\u062d\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645&#8221;.<\/em><a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\"><em><strong>[4]<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><strong>\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 (MENAT) \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Water Crisis in the Middle East\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/1FHksyApxmE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mei.edu\/\">\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u0637\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 6% \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0649 1% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629.<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0635\u0631\u062d <a href=\"https:\/\/www.alj.com\/ar\/our-people\/daniel-sagi-vela\/\">\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0627<\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0641 \u0622\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u064b<em>: &#8220;\u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0646 40% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a>.\u00a0 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 20% \u0645\u0646 990 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 800 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 2005 \u06482015<a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 2003 \u06482009<a href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a>.\u00a0 \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0635.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-16752 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/NASA-Landsat-Dead-Sea-1972-2011.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2050\" height=\"1405\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/NASA-Landsat-Dead-Sea-1972-2011.jpg 2050w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/NASA-Landsat-Dead-Sea-1972-2011-300x206.jpg 300w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/NASA-Landsat-Dead-Sea-1972-2011-1024x702.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/NASA-Landsat-Dead-Sea-1972-2011-150x103.jpg 150w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/NASA-Landsat-Dead-Sea-1972-2011-768x526.jpg 768w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/NASA-Landsat-Dead-Sea-1972-2011.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/NASA-Landsat-Dead-Sea-1972-2011.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2050px) 100vw, 2050px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 (TRWR) \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 500 \u0645\u062a\u0631 <sup>3<\/sup> \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627.<a href=\"#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2050<a href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-16753\" src=\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/IRWR-per-Capita-2015.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"4151\" height=\"1970\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/IRWR-per-Capita-2015.png 4151w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/IRWR-per-Capita-2015-300x142.png 300w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/IRWR-per-Capita-2015-1024x486.png 1024w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/IRWR-per-Capita-2015-150x71.png 150w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/IRWR-per-Capita-2015-768x364.png 768w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/IRWR-per-Capita-2015.png 1536w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/IRWR-per-Capita-2015.png 2048w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/IRWR-per-Capita-2015-752x357.png 752w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4151px) 100vw, 4151px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0630\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644.\u00a0 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.\u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 266 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 (\u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 96.8 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627) \u0641\u064a 2017 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0644\u063a 270 \u0644\u062a\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a (98.4 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627) \u0641\u064a 2016 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 1.7 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2013 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stats.gov.sa\/en\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647.<a href=\"#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 49% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0646 1.55 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2017 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 1.38 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 12.8% \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2011<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628.\u00a0 \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643.\u00a0 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 7.5% \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 50% \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 2032<a href=\"#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a 80 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn13\" name=\"_ftnref13\">[13]<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn14\" name=\"_ftnref14\">[14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 80% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u062a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<a href=\"#_ftn15\" name=\"_ftnref15\">[15]<\/a>.\u00a0 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0647\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn16\" name=\"_ftnref16\">[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645.\u00a0 \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0644\u060c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.annalsofglobalhealth.org\/\">Annals of Global Health\u2019<\/a> \u0623\u0646:<\/p>\n<p><em>&#8220;\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/em><a href=\"#_ftn17\" name=\"_ftnref17\"><em><strong>[17]<\/strong><\/em><\/a><em>&#8220;.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-16754\" src=\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/SWCC-Desalination-Plant-Map.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1220\" height=\"749\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/SWCC-Desalination-Plant-Map.jpg 1220w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/SWCC-Desalination-Plant-Map-150x92.jpg 150w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/SWCC-Desalination-Plant-Map-300x184.jpg 300w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/SWCC-Desalination-Plant-Map-768x472.jpg 768w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/SWCC-Desalination-Plant-Map-1024x629.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1220px) 100vw, 1220px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0627\u0637\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647.\u00a0 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 2030\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-16765\" src=\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Drinking-water-AR.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"257\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Drinking-water-AR.jpg 257w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Drinking-water-AR-72x150.jpg 72w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Drinking-water-AR-144x300.jpg 144w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 257px) 100vw, 257px\" \/>\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<em> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 <\/em><em>2018<\/em>\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0643\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064b\u0627:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<\/li>\n<li>\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn18\" name=\"_ftnref18\">[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 &#8211; \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0637\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u062f\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0648 &#8211; \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<a href=\"#_ftn19\" name=\"_ftnref19\">[19]<\/a> \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644.<a href=\"#_ftn20\" name=\"_ftnref20\">[20]<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0641 2018\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0627\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0634\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0636\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2015 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 20 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0622\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn21\" name=\"_ftnref21\">[21]<\/a>&#8211; \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644 &#8220;\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0630\u0627\u0630&#8221; \u0643\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.\u00a0 \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0643\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<a href=\"#_ftn22\" name=\"_ftnref22\">[22]<\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0644.\u00a0 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<a href=\"#_ftn23\" name=\"_ftnref23\">[23]<\/a>\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2050.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/web.mit.edu\/dincalab\/mircea.html\">\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0627<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u00a0\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627(<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mit.edu\">MIT<\/a>) \u0648\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621(<a href=\"https:\/\/jwafs.mit.edu\/\">J-WAFS<\/a>) \u0641\u064a MIT\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0646: <em>\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c\u00a0 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644.\u00a0 <\/em>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 30% \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u062c\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 (MENAT) \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635.\u00a0 \u0641\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 60% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2040.\u00a0 \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 6% \u064814% \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2050<a href=\"#_ftn24\" name=\"_ftnref24\">[24]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645.\u00a0 \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<a href=\"#_ftn25\" name=\"_ftnref25\">[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0631: <em>&#8220;\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647.\u00a0 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639<\/em><a href=\"#_ftn26\" name=\"_ftnref26\"><em><strong>[26]<\/strong><\/em><\/a><em>.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0636\u062a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0622\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0638\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645: <em>&#8220;\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8221;<\/em><a href=\"#_ftn27\" name=\"_ftnref27\"><em><strong>[27]<\/strong><\/em><\/a><em>.<\/em>\u00a0 \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u062b \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2050<a href=\"#_ftn28\" name=\"_ftnref28\">[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 <em>&#8220;\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<\/em><a href=\"#_ftn29\" name=\"_ftnref29\"><em><sup><strong>[29]<\/strong><\/sup><\/em><\/a><em>&#8220;<\/em>\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a.\u00a0 \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 150 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 300 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-16757\" src=\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Desal-Chart.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1456\" height=\"889\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Desal-Chart.png 1456w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Desal-Chart-150x92.png 150w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Desal-Chart-300x183.png 300w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Desal-Chart-768x469.png 768w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Desal-Chart-1024x625.png 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1456px) 100vw, 1456px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 (MENAT) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629.\u00a0 \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/\">IEA<\/a>) \u0641\u0625\u0646 60% \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637<a href=\"#_ftn30\" name=\"_ftnref30\">[30]<\/a>.\u00a0 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u062b \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647.\u00a0 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 2007 \u06482030<a href=\"#_ftn31\" name=\"_ftnref31\">[31]<\/a>.<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright wp-image-16758 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/WHO-Drinking-Water-for-All-animated-300x300.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/WHO-Drinking-Water-for-All-animated-300x300.gif 300w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/WHO-Drinking-Water-for-All-animated-150x150.gif 150w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/WHO-Drinking-Water-for-All-animated-200x200.gif 200w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/WHO-Drinking-Water-for-All-animated-170x170.gif 170w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/WHO-Drinking-Water-for-All-animated-70x70.gif 70w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/WHO-Drinking-Water-for-All-animated-271x271.gif 271w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0625\u062d\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/\">WHO<\/a>)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 <em>&#8220;\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632&#8221;<\/em> \u0648\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 850 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn32\" name=\"_ftnref32\">[32]<\/a> (\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u064f\u0633\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 30 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629).<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0634\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a.\u00a0 \u0648\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2010 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0643 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628.\u00a0 \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f:<\/p>\n<p><em>&#8220;\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 (<\/em><em>MENAT<\/em><em>) \u0646\u062d\u0648 <\/em><em>21<\/em><em> \u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.\u00a0 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.\u00a0 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 <\/em><em>1<\/em><em> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 <\/em><em>2-4<\/em><em> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/em><a href=\"#_ftn33\" name=\"_ftnref33\"><em><strong>[33]<\/strong><\/em><\/a><em>&#8220;.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0647\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-16766\" src=\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Wastewater-AR.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"284\" height=\"627\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Wastewater-AR.jpg 284w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Wastewater-AR-68x150.jpg 68w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Wastewater-AR-136x300.jpg 136w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 284px) 100vw, 284px\" \/><strong>\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<a href=\"#_ftn34\" name=\"_ftnref34\">[34]<\/a>\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0639\u0635\u0627 \u0633\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u00a0 \u0628\u0644 \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629.\u00a0 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644: <em>&#8220;\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062c\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/em><a href=\"#_ftn35\" name=\"_ftnref35\"><em><strong>[35]<\/strong><\/em><\/a><em>&#8220;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649.\u00a0 \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 90 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 18000 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628<a href=\"#_ftn36\" name=\"_ftnref36\">[36]<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.\u00a0 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.\u00a0 \u0641\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u062b 76 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.\u00a0 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 218 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2040<a href=\"#_ftn37\" name=\"_ftnref37\">[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647.\u00a0 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><em>&#8220;\u0646\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644.&#8221;<\/em>. \u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0648 \u062f\u064a \u062f\u064a\u064a\u063a\u0648 \u0623\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.alj.com\/en\/energy-and-environmental-services\/energy-overview\/\">\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.frv.com\">\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0648 \u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0632 (FRV)<\/a> \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.almarwater.com\">\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647.\u00a0 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn38\" name=\"_ftnref38\">[38]<\/a> \u2013 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062b (SWRO) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0647\u0641 \u0645\u0638\u0644\u0645.\u00a0 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064f\u0647\u064f\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0651 \u0622\u062e\u0631.\u00a0 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.j-wafs.mit.edu\">J-WAFS<\/a>) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 (MIT)\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 (J-WAFS) \u0639\u0627\u0645 2014 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a.\u00a0 \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-14364 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Xuanhe-Zhao.jpg\" alt=\"Professor Xuanhe Zhao - Abdul Latif Jameel\u00ae\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1061\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Xuanhe-Zhao.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Xuanhe-Zhao-150x99.jpg 150w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Xuanhe-Zhao-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Xuanhe-Zhao-768x509.jpg 768w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Xuanhe-Zhao-1024x679.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 (J-WAFS)\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a \u0632\u0647\u0627\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 (MIT)\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0628\u062d\u062b <a href=\"https:\/\/alj.com\/en\/perspective\/j-wafs-action-good-vibrations-reducing-cost-water-desalination\/\">\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u063a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0631\u0648\u0647\u064a\u062a \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 (J-WAFS).\u00a0 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u064b\u0627.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/alj.com\/en\/perspective\/j-wafs-in-action-providing-safe-drinking-water-through-wood\/\">\u0641\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 <\/a>\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0634\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u063a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2019 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647.\u00a0 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 (MIT) \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0623 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 (MOF) <a href=\"https:\/\/alj.com\/en\/perspective\/j-wafs-action-quenching-world-thirst-producing-water-thin-air\/\">\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621<\/a>.\u00a0 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0627 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629: <em>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 2018 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 (J-WAFS).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 (<\/strong><strong>MENAT<\/strong><strong>) \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 (MENAT) \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0026\/002614\/261424e.pdf\">The United Nations World Water Development Report 2018<\/a>, UN Water, March 2018<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/olc.worldbank.org\/sites\/default\/files\/sco\/E7B1C4DE-C187-5EDB-3EF2-897802DEA3BF\/Nasa\/index.html\">Earth Observation of Water Resources<\/a>, World Bank Group \u2013 Environment &amp; Natural Resources<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/news.nationalgeographic.com\/2018\/03\/world-water-day-water-crisis-explained\/\">From Not Enough to Too Much, the World\u2019s Water Crisis Explained<\/a>, National Geographic, 22 March 2018<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/sustainabledevelopment.un.org\/content\/documents\/17825HLPW_Outcome.pdf\">Making Every Drop Count: An Agenda for Water Action<\/a>, United Nations, 14 March 2018<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/07\/11\/middleeast\/middle-east-water\/index.html\">Can the Middle East solve its water problem?<\/a> CNN, 12 July 2018<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.worldwaterforum8.org\/en\/file\/2847\/download?token=bFOTtfhS\">Arab Regional Report 2018<\/a>, World Water Forum, March 2018<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.worldwaterforum8.org\/en\/file\/2847\/download?token=bFOTtfhS\">Arab Regional Report 2018<\/a>, World Water Forum, March 2018<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/blogs.worldbank.org\/arabvoices\/water-disappears-arab-world-data-falling-sky\">As water disappears from the Arab world, data is falling from the sky<\/a>, The World Bank, 20 March 2013<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4441\/7\/3\/975\/pdf\">Water Scarcity and Future Challenges for Food Production<\/a>, Water, 10 March 2015<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> http:\/\/blogs.worldbank.org\/arabvoices\/numbers-facts-about-water-crisis-arab-world<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/business\/news\/saudi-arabia-is-running-out-of-water-a6883706.html\">Saudi Arabia is running out of water<\/a>, The Independent, 19 February 2016<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/worldview.stratfor.com\/article\/saudi-water-crisis-lurks-beneath-surface\">A Saudi Water Crisis Lurks Beneath the Surface<\/a>, Stratfor, 5 January 2017<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> http:\/\/www.waterworld.com\/articles\/wwi\/print\/volume-25\/issue-1\/regional-spotlight\/middle-east-africa\/quenching-the-middle-east-s-thirst.html<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/worldview.stratfor.com\/article\/saudi-water-crisis-lurks-beneath-surface\">A Saudi Water Crisis Lurks Beneath the Surface<\/a>, Stratfor, 5 January 2017<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/freshwater\/saudi-arabia-water-use\/\">Saudi Arabia\u2019s Great Thirst<\/a>, National Geographic, accessed September 2018<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/worldview.stratfor.com\/article\/saudi-water-crisis-lurks-beneath-surface\">A Saudi Water Crisis Lurks Beneath the Surface<\/a>, Stratfor, 5 January 2017<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2214999615012217\">Climate Change and Water Scarcity: The Case of Saudi Arabia<\/a>, Annals of Global Health, Vol 81, May-June 2015<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.unwater.org\/water-facts\/scarcity\/\">Water Scarcity<\/a>, UN Water, accessed September 2018<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/news.nationalgeographic.com\/2018\/03\/world-water-day-water-crisis-explained\/\">From Not Enough to Too Much, the World\u2019s Water Crisis Explained<\/a>, National Geographic, 22 March 2018<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0026\/002614\/261424e.pdf\">The United Nations World Water Development Report 2018<\/a>, UN Water, March 2018<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2015\/mar\/08\/how-water-shortages-lead-food-crises-conflicts\">Why fresh water shortages will cause the next great global crisis<\/a>, The Observer, 8 March 2015<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2015\/01\/why-world-water-crises-are-a-top-global-risk\/\">Water crises are a top global risk<\/a>, World Economic Forum, 16 January 2015<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/news\/releases\/2017\/launch-version-report-jmp-water-sanitation-hygiene.pdf\">Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene<\/a>, World Health Organization, 12 July 2017<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2018\/07\/11\/middleeast\/middle-east-water\/index.html\">Can the Middle East solve its water problem?<\/a> CNN, 12 July 2018<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0026\/002614\/261424e.pdf\">The United Nations World Water Development Report 2018<\/a>, UN Water, March 2018<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0026\/002614\/261424e.pdf\">The United Nations World Water Development Report 2018<\/a>, UN Water, March 2018<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emirates247.com\/news\/government\/water-is-more-important-than-oil-for-uae-mohammed-bin-zayed-2011-12-13-1.432657\">Water is more important than oil for UAE: Mohammed bin Zayed<\/a>, Emirates 24\/7, 13 December 2011<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/images\/0026\/002614\/261424e.pdf\">The United Nations World Water Development Report 2018<\/a>, UN Water, March 2018<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2015\/mar\/08\/how-water-shortages-lead-food-crises-conflicts\">Why fresh water shortages will cause the next great global crisis<\/a>, The Observer, 8 March 2015<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.internationalwatersummit.com\/__media\/Energy-Efficient-Desalination-2018.pdf\">Energy Efficient Desalination<\/a>, International Water Summit, 15-18 January 2018<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/alj.com\/en\/perspective\/hybrid-technologies-power-innovation-water-desalination\/\">Hybrid technologies to power innovation in water desalination<\/a>, Opening Doors, Winter 2017<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/en\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/drinking-water\">Drinking-water<\/a>, World Health Organization, 7 February 2018<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\">[33]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/bitstream\/handle\/10986\/27659\/9781464811449.pdf?sequence=14&amp;isAllowed=y\">Beyond Scarcity: Water Security in the Middle East and North Africa<\/a>, The World Bank, 2018<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\">[34]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2018\/mar\/19\/water-shortages-could-affect-5bn-people-by-2050-un-report-warns\">Water shortages could affect 5bn people by 2050, UN report warns<\/a>, The Guardian, 19 March 2018<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\">[35]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/sustainabledevelopment.un.org\/content\/documents\/17825HLPW_Outcome.pdf\">Making Every Drop Count: An Agenda for Water Action<\/a>, United Nations, 14 March 2018<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\">[36]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.internationalwatersummit.com\/__media\/Energy-Efficient-Desalination-2018.pdf\">Energy Efficient Desalination<\/a>, International Water Summit, 15-18 January 2018<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\">[37]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.internationalwatersummit.com\/__media\/Energy-Efficient-Desalination-2018.pdf\">Energy Efficient Desalination<\/a>, International Water Summit, 15-18 January 2018<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref38\" name=\"_ftn38\">[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.irena.org\/DocumentDownloads\/Publications\/IRENA-ETSAP%20Tech%20Brief%20I12%20Water-Desalination.pdf<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":16762,"template":"","tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627| \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"&quot;\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2018. \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0647\u0646\u0627.&quot;\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/alj.com\/ar\/perspective\/\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a-\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627\u061f\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627| \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"&quot;\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2018. \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0647\u0646\u0627.&quot;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/alj.com\/ar\/perspective\/\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a-\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627\u061f\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ALJ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Abdul.Latif.Jameel.Official\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-07-08T06:39:22+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Drinking-water.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"574\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0646\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/alj.com\/ar\/perspective\/%d8%a3%d8%b9%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%8a-%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ac%d9%87%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%9f\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/alj.com\/ar\/perspective\/%d8%a3%d8%b9%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%8a-%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ac%d9%87%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%9f\/\",\"name\":\"\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627| \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/alj.com\/en\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2019-03-04T06:46:11+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-07-08T06:39:22+00:00\",\"description\":\"\\\\\\\"\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2018. \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0647\u0646\u0627.\\\\\\\"\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/alj.com\/ar\/perspective\/%d8%a3%d8%b9%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%8a-%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ac%d9%87%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%9f\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/alj.com\/ar\/perspective\/%d8%a3%d8%b9%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%8a-%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ac%d9%87%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%9f\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/alj.com\/ar\/perspective\/%d8%a3%d8%b9%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%8a-%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ac%d9%87%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%9f\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/alj.com\/ar\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Perspectives\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/alj.com\/ja\/perspective\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627\u061f\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/alj.com\/en\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/alj.com\/en\/\",\"name\":\"ALJ\",\"description\":\"\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/alj.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627| \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644","description":"\"\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2018. \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0647\u0646\u0627.\"","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/alj.com\/ar\/perspective\/\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a-\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627\u061f\/","og_locale":"ar_AR","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627| \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644","og_description":"\"\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2018. \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0647\u0646\u0627.\"","og_url":"https:\/\/alj.com\/ar\/perspective\/\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a-\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627\u061f\/","og_site_name":"ALJ","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Abdul.Latif.Jameel.Official","article_modified_time":"2025-07-08T06:39:22+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1024,"height":574,"url":"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Drinking-water.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631":"\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0646"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/alj.com\/ar\/perspective\/%d8%a3%d8%b9%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%8a-%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ac%d9%87%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%9f\/","url":"https:\/\/alj.com\/ar\/perspective\/%d8%a3%d8%b9%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%8a-%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ac%d9%87%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%9f\/","name":"\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627| \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/alj.com\/en\/#website"},"datePublished":"2019-03-04T06:46:11+00:00","dateModified":"2025-07-08T06:39:22+00:00","description":"\\\"\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2018. \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0647\u0646\u0627.\\\"","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/alj.com\/ar\/perspective\/%d8%a3%d8%b9%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%8a-%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ac%d9%87%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%9f\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ar","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/alj.com\/ar\/perspective\/%d8%a3%d8%b9%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%8a-%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ac%d9%87%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%9f\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/alj.com\/ar\/perspective\/%d8%a3%d8%b9%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%8a-%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ac%d9%87%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%9f\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/alj.com\/ar\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Perspectives","item":"https:\/\/alj.com\/ja\/perspective\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627\u061f"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/alj.com\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/alj.com\/en\/","name":"ALJ","description":"\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/alj.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"ar"}]}},"post-meta-fields":{"_alp_processed":["1541500976"],"_oembed_c35b3fdc1dca4dc7d41eb5c4900705be":["<iframe title=\"Water Crisis in the Middle East\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/1FHksyApxmE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>"],"_oembed_time_c35b3fdc1dca4dc7d41eb5c4900705be":["1751956773"],"perspective_short_title":["\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627\u061f"],"perspective_summury":["<p>\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0644\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n"],"perspective_location":["\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0646 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629"],"wpcf-featured-news":["0"],"is_latest_news":["0"],"wpcf-show-news-at-homepage":["1"],"related_articles":[""],"_related_articles":["field_5bdeae27db4b8"],"_yoast_wpseo_content_score":["30"],"_thumbnail_id":["16762"],"_wp_old_date":["2018-11-06"],"push_notification":["no"],"_push_notification":["field_5c3b1fb67034d"],"publish_mobile":["a:1:{i:0;s:3:\"yes\";}"],"_publish_mobile":["field_5bfa8eb2e65cf"],"mobile_featured_image":["https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Drinkingwater.jpg"],"_mobile_featured_image":["field_5c3b204983dea"],"_yoast_wpseo_canonical":["https:\/\/alj.com\/ar\/perspective\/%d8%a3%d8%b9%d8%b8%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%8a-%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ac%d9%87%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%9f\/"],"_wpml_media_duplicate":["1"],"_wp_attachment_metadata":[""],"post_views_count_2019Sep":["17"],"_last_translation_edit_mode":["native-editor"],"post_views_count_2019Oct":["6"],"post_views_count_2019Nov":["15"],"post_views_count_2019Dec":["15"],"_yoast_wpseo_title":["\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627| \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644"],"_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":["\\\"\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2018. \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0647\u0646\u0627.\\\""],"post_views_count_2020Jan":["9"],"post_views_count_2020Feb":["6"],"post_views_count_2020Mar":["3"],"post_views_count_2020Apr":["8"],"post_views_count_2020May":["8"],"post_views_count_2020Jun":["9"],"_bsf_post_type":["0"],"_bsf_item_review_type":["none"],"post_views_count_2020Jul":["11"],"post_views_count_2020Aug":["5"],"post_views_count_2020Sep":["9"],"post_views_count_2020Oct":["9"],"wpcf-perspective-published-date":["1551657600"],"post_views_count_2020Nov":["8"],"post_views_count_2020Dec":["8"],"post_views_count_2021Jan":["5"],"post_views_count_2021Feb":["3"],"post_views_count_2021Mar":["13"],"post_views_count_2021Apr":["10"],"post_views_count_2021May":["6"],"post_views_count_2021Jun":["1"],"post_views_count_2021Jul":["2"],"post_views_total_count":["2"],"_edit_lock":["1773826808:22"],"_edit_last":["21"],"content_series_applied":[""],"_content_series_applied":["field_60f3d3faf82ac"],"featured_on_listing_page":["0"],"_featured_on_listing_page":["field_62458ea7383c3"],"wpcf-perspective-downloadable_file":[""],"wpcf-video-description":[""],"wpcf-layoutvideourl":[""],"wpcf-video-thumb":[""],"wpcf-social4-svg":[""],"wpcf-social4-background-image":[""],"wpcf-social4-text":[""],"wpcf-social4-url":[""],"wpcf-social3-svg":[""],"wpcf-social3-background-image":[""],"wpcf-social3-text":[""],"wpcf-social3-url":[""],"wpcf-social-text-svg-square":[""],"wpcf-social-text-image-square":[""],"wpcf-social-text-text-square":[""],"wpcf-social-text-url-square":[""],"wpcf-social2-svg":[""],"wpcf-social2-background-image":[""],"wpcf-social2-text":[""],"wpcf-social2-url":[""],"wpcf-social-svg-square":[""],"wpcf-social-image-square":[""],"wpcf-social-text-square":[""],"wpcf-social-url-square":[""],"wpcf-social1-svg":[""],"wpcf-social1-background-image":[""],"wpcf-social1-text":[""],"wpcf-social1-url":[""],"wpcf-quotes-with-auther-text-1":[""],"wpcf-card_article_with_title_content":[""],"wpcf-card_article_content":["<p>write your content<\/p>"],"wpcf-quotes-with-auther-text":[""],"_yoast_wpseo_estimated-reading-time-minutes":[""],"wpcf-projecttitle":[""],"wpcf-projectdescription":[""],"wpcf-projectimage-video1":["image"],"wpcf-projectimage-1":[""],"wpcf-projectvideo-1":[""],"wpcf-projectdescription-1":[""],"wpcf-projectimage-video2":["image"],"wpcf-projectimage-2":[""],"wpcf-projectvideo-2":[""],"wpcf-projectdescription-2":[""],"wpcf-projectimage-video3":["image"],"wpcf-projectimage-3":[""],"wpcf-projectvideo-3":[""],"wpcf-projectdescription-3":[""],"wpcf-projectimage-video4":["image"],"wpcf-projectimage-4":[""],"wpcf-projectvideo-4":[""],"wpcf-projectdescription-4":[""],"_yoast_wpseo_wordproof_timestamp":[""],"amazonS3_cache":["a:26:{s:51:\"\/\/alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/World-Water-Chart.png\";a:2:{s:2:\"id\";i:16750;s:11:\"source_type\";s:13:\"media-library\";}s:60:\"\/\/alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/World-Water-Chart-1024x520.png\";a:2:{s:2:\"id\";i:16750;s:11:\"source_type\";s:13:\"media-library\";}s:57:\"\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/World-Water-Chart.png\";a:2:{s:2:\"id\";i:16750;s:11:\"source_type\";s:13:\"media-library\";}s:66:\"\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/World-Water-Chart-1024x520.png\";a:2:{s:2:\"id\";i:16750;s:11:\"source_type\";s:13:\"media-library\";}s:53:\"\/\/alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/UN-World-Bank-Heads.jpg\";a:2:{s:2:\"id\";i:16751;s:11:\"source_type\";s:13:\"media-library\";}s:61:\"\/\/alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/UN-World-Bank-Heads-300x183.jpg\";a:2:{s:2:\"id\";i:16751;s:11:\"source_type\";s:13:\"media-library\";}s:59:\"\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/UN-World-Bank-Heads.jpg\";a:2:{s:2:\"id\";i:16751;s:11:\"source_type\";s:13:\"media-library\";}s:67:\"\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/UN-World-Bank-Heads-300x183.jpg\";a:2:{s:2:\"id\";i:16751;s:11:\"source_type\";s:13:\"media-library\";}s:65:\"\/\/alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/NASA-Landsat-Dead-Sea-1972-2011.jpg\";a:2:{s:2:\"id\";i:16752;s:11:\"source_type\";s:13:\"media-library\";}s:71:\"\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/NASA-Landsat-Dead-Sea-1972-2011.jpg\";a:2:{s:2:\"id\";i:16752;s:11:\"source_type\";s:13:\"media-library\";}s:54:\"\/\/alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/IRWR-per-Capita-2015.png\";a:2:{s:2:\"id\";i:16753;s:11:\"source_type\";s:13:\"media-library\";}s:60:\"\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/IRWR-per-Capita-2015.png\";a:2:{s:2:\"id\";i:16753;s:11:\"source_type\";s:13:\"media-library\";}s:61:\"\/\/alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/SWCC-Desalination-Plant-Map.jpg\";a:2:{s:2:\"id\";i:16754;s:11:\"source_type\";s:13:\"media-library\";}s:67:\"\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/SWCC-Desalination-Plant-Map.jpg\";a:2:{s:2:\"id\";i:16754;s:11:\"source_type\";s:13:\"media-library\";}s:51:\"\/\/alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Drinking-water-AR.jpg\";a:2:{s:2:\"id\";i:16765;s:11:\"source_type\";s:13:\"media-library\";}s:57:\"\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Drinking-water-AR.jpg\";a:2:{s:2:\"id\";i:16765;s:11:\"source_type\";s:13:\"media-library\";}s:45:\"\/\/alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Desal-Chart.png\";a:2:{s:2:\"id\";i:16757;s:11:\"source_type\";s:13:\"media-library\";}s:51:\"\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Desal-Chart.png\";a:2:{s:2:\"id\";i:16757;s:11:\"source_type\";s:13:\"media-library\";}s:69:\"\/\/alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/WHO-Drinking-Water-for-All-animated.gif\";a:2:{s:2:\"id\";i:16758;s:11:\"source_type\";s:13:\"media-library\";}s:77:\"\/\/alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/WHO-Drinking-Water-for-All-animated-300x300.gif\";a:2:{s:2:\"id\";i:16758;s:11:\"source_type\";s:13:\"media-library\";}s:75:\"\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/WHO-Drinking-Water-for-All-animated.gif\";a:2:{s:2:\"id\";i:16758;s:11:\"source_type\";s:13:\"media-library\";}s:83:\"\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/WHO-Drinking-Water-for-All-animated-300x300.gif\";a:2:{s:2:\"id\";i:16758;s:11:\"source_type\";s:13:\"media-library\";}s:47:\"\/\/alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Wastewater-AR.jpg\";a:2:{s:2:\"id\";i:16766;s:11:\"source_type\";s:13:\"media-library\";}s:53:\"\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Wastewater-AR.jpg\";a:2:{s:2:\"id\";i:16766;s:11:\"source_type\";s:13:\"media-library\";}s:45:\"\/\/alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Xuanhe-Zhao.jpg\";a:2:{s:2:\"id\";i:14364;s:11:\"source_type\";s:13:\"media-library\";}s:51:\"\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2017\/11\/Xuanhe-Zhao.jpg\";a:2:{s:2:\"id\";i:14364;s:11:\"source_type\";s:13:\"media-library\";}}"],"_":["field_6746fdff672ad"],"_wpml_media_featured":["0"],"perspective_business_sector":["\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644","\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629"],"wpcf-card-image":[""],"_wpcf-card-image-sort-order":["a:1:{i:0;i:1962141;}"]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/alj.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/perspective\/16764"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/alj.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/perspective"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/alj.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/perspective"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alj.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alj.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16762"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/alj.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16764"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/alj.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16764"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}