{"id":64601,"date":"2020-06-30T11:38:08","date_gmt":"2020-06-30T11:38:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alj.com\/?post_type=perspective&#038;p=64601"},"modified":"2022-09-26T11:58:07","modified_gmt":"2022-09-26T11:58:07","slug":"%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%87-%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%b0%d9%87%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%87%d9%84-%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"perspective","link":"https:\/\/alj.com\/ar\/perspective\/%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%87-%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%b0%d9%87%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%87%d9%84-%d9%86\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 &#8230;. \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629  \u0641\u0647\u0644 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\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2030\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 10\u066a \u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 25\u066a \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 <a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a>2050.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-64135 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Stressed-Water-Basins.jpg\" alt=\"ALJ Stressed Water Basins\" width=\"2480\" height=\"1837\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Stressed-Water-Basins.jpg 2480w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Stressed-Water-Basins-300x222.jpg 300w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Stressed-Water-Basins-1024x759.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Stressed-Water-Basins-150x111.jpg 150w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Stressed-Water-Basins-768x569.jpg 768w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Stressed-Water-Basins-1536x1138.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Stressed-Water-Basins-2048x1517.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2480px) 100vw, 2480px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0637 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 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\u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 6\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_64142\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-64142\" style=\"width: 2480px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-64142 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Water-Scarcity-GDP.jpg\" alt=\"ALJ Water Scarcity GDP\" width=\"2480\" height=\"1295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Water-Scarcity-GDP.jpg 2480w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Water-Scarcity-GDP-300x157.jpg 300w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Water-Scarcity-GDP-1024x535.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Water-Scarcity-GDP-150x78.jpg 150w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Water-Scarcity-GDP-768x401.jpg 768w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Water-Scarcity-GDP-1536x802.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Water-Scarcity-GDP-2048x1069.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2480px) 100vw, 2480px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-64142\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_64149\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-64149\" style=\"width: 2480px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-64149 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Sustainable-Development-Goals.jpg\" alt=\"ALJ Sustainable Development Goals\" width=\"2480\" height=\"1520\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Sustainable-Development-Goals.jpg 2480w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Sustainable-Development-Goals-300x184.jpg 300w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Sustainable-Development-Goals-1024x628.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Sustainable-Development-Goals-150x92.jpg 150w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Sustainable-Development-Goals-768x471.jpg 768w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Sustainable-Development-Goals-1536x941.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Sustainable-Development-Goals-2048x1255.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2480px) 100vw, 2480px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-64149\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2020\u060c \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a 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\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621<a href=\"#_ftn14\" name=\"_ftnref14\">[14]<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 95 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628\/ \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u060c 48\u066a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<a href=\"#_ftn15\" name=\"_ftnref15\">[15]<\/a>. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 100 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-64156 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Desalination.jpg\" alt=\"Desalination by Region\" width=\"2480\" height=\"1420\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Desalination.jpg 2480w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Desalination-300x172.jpg 300w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Desalination-1024x586.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Desalination-150x86.jpg 150w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Desalination-768x440.jpg 768w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Desalination-1536x879.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Desalination-2048x1173.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2480px) 100vw, 2480px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a (RO)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u063a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 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\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631<a href=\"#_ftn18\" name=\"_ftnref18\">[18]<\/a>. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 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\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0641\u062a\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0641\u0637 \u064a\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062c\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0645\u0648\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631. \u0641\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1.5 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<a href=\"#_ftn20\" name=\"_ftnref20\">[20]<\/a>. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 GivePower \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a\u064a.<a href=\"#_ftn21\" name=\"_ftnref21\">[21]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644 brine \u00a0(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u064a) \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u00a0Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u2013 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u00a0\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<a href=\"#_ftn22\" name=\"_ftnref22\">[22]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0632\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647. \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 &#8211; \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646: &#8220;\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<a href=\"#_ftn23\" name=\"_ftnref23\">[23]<\/a>.&#8221;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_64163\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-64163\" style=\"width: 1140px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-64163 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Muharraq.jpg\" alt=\"Muharraq Wastewater Plant Bahrain\" width=\"1140\" height=\"410\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Muharraq.jpg 1140w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Muharraq-300x108.jpg 300w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Muharraq-1024x368.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Muharraq-150x54.jpg 150w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Muharraq-768x276.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1140px) 100vw, 1140px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-64163\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_80622\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-80622\" style=\"width: 199px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-80622\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Carlos_Print-247x300.jpg\" alt=\"Carlos Cosin, Almar Water Solutions\" width=\"199\" height=\"242\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Carlos_Print-247x300.jpg 247w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Carlos_Print-842x1024.jpg 842w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Carlos_Print-123x150.jpg 123w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Carlos_Print-768x934.jpg 768w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Carlos_Print-1263x1536.jpg 1263w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Carlos_Print-1684x2048.jpg 1684w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 199px) 100vw, 199px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-80622\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c<br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u00a0\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 <em><strong>\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u00a0<em><strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/em>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629\/\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 12.2 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2016. \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 22.3 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021<a href=\"#_ftn25\" name=\"_ftnref25\">[25]<\/a> . \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2010\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 59.7 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 (\u06453\/\u064a\u0648\u0645) \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2009 \u0625\u0644\u0649 118 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2017<a href=\"#_ftn26\" name=\"_ftnref26\">[26]<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 49\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2010 \u06482017.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-64213 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/San-Diego-1.jpg\" alt=\"San Diego\" width=\"960\" height=\"495\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/San-Diego-1.jpg 960w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/San-Diego-1-300x155.jpg 300w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/San-Diego-1-150x77.jpg 150w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/San-Diego-1-768x396.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 22 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 40 \u063a\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627 (\u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0642)\u060c \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 24 \u063a\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u00a0\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 (\u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629)\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627: \u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u064a\u062c\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629\/ \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a &#8220;\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 26\u066a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2004 \u0625\u0644\u0649 73\u066a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u064a\u062c\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 Pure Water San Diego \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 US Water Alliance \u00a0(\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629). \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0640 83 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2035.<a href=\"#_ftn27\" name=\"_ftnref27\">[27]<\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_64206\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-64206\" style=\"width: 960px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-64206 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Merlion.jpg\" alt=\"Merlion\" width=\"960\" height=\"583\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Merlion.jpg 960w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Merlion-300x182.jpg 300w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Merlion-150x91.jpg 150w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Merlion-768x466.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-64206\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629\/ \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0648\u062a\u0631 NEWater \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 &#8220;pH&#8221;\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 40\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647. \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 55\u066a \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2060<a href=\"#_ftn28\" name=\"_ftnref28\">[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_64192\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-64192\" style=\"width: 2480px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-64192 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Singapore-NEWater.jpg\" alt=\"Singapore NEWater\" width=\"2480\" height=\"1753\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Singapore-NEWater.jpg 2480w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Singapore-NEWater-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Singapore-NEWater-1024x724.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Singapore-NEWater-150x106.jpg 150w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Singapore-NEWater-768x543.jpg 768w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Singapore-NEWater-1536x1086.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/ALJ-Singapore-NEWater-2048x1448.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2480px) 100vw, 2480px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-64192\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\">\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c 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loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-64199 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/EU-Waste-water-Graphic-300x151.png\" alt=\"EU Waste-water Graphic\" width=\"300\" height=\"151\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/EU-Waste-water-Graphic-300x151.png 300w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/EU-Waste-water-Graphic-1024x514.png 1024w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/EU-Waste-water-Graphic-150x75.png 150w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/EU-Waste-water-Graphic-768x385.png 768w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/EU-Waste-water-Graphic.png 1064w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0646 <em>&#8220;\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 10\u066a \u0625\u0644\u0649 12\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 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\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u00a0<em><strong>\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/strong><\/em> \u2013 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 &#8211;<em> &#8221; \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \/ \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0646\u0649. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fao.org\/zhc\/detail-events\/en\/c\/880881\/\">http:\/\/www.fao.org\/zhc\/detail-events\/en\/c\/880881\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/business-functions\/sustainability\/our-insights\/water-a-human-and-business-priority?cid=eml-web\">http:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/business-functions\/sustainability\/our-insights\/water-a-human-and-business-priority?cid=eml-web<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/special-report\/2018\/08\/14\/priceless\">https:\/\/www.economist.com\/special-report\/2018\/08\/14\/priceless<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.fao.org\/zhc\/detail-events\/en\/c\/880881\/\">http:\/\/www.fao.org\/zhc\/detail-events\/en\/c\/880881\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/business-functions\/sustainability\/our-insights\/water-a-human-and-business-priority?cid=eml-web\">http:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/business-functions\/sustainability\/our-insights\/water-a-human-and-business-priority?cid=eml-web<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unwater.org\/publications\/world-water-development-report-2020\/\">https:\/\/www.unwater.org\/publications\/world-water-development-report-2020\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unenvironment.org\/news-and-stories\/press-release\/half-world-face-severe-water-stress-2030-unless-water-use-decoupled\">https:\/\/www.unenvironment.org\/news-and-stories\/press-release\/half-world-face-severe-water-stress-2030-unless-water-use-decoupled<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/topic\/water\/publication\/high-and-dry-climate-change-water-and-the-economy\">https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/topic\/water\/publication\/high-and-dry-climate-change-water-and-the-economy<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/press\/2020\/01\/burning-planet-climate-fires-and-political-flame-wars-rage\">https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/press\/2020\/01\/burning-planet-climate-fires-and-political-flame-wars-rage<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fao.org\/zhc\/detail-events\/en\/c\/880881\/\">http:\/\/www.fao.org\/zhc\/detail-events\/en\/c\/880881\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/special-report\/2018\/08\/14\/priceless\">https:\/\/www.economist.com\/special-report\/2018\/08\/14\/priceless<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unwater.org\/publications\/world-water-development-report-2020\/\">https:\/\/www.unwater.org\/publications\/world-water-development-report-2020\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unwater.org\/publications\/world-water-development-report-2020\/\">https:\/\/www.unwater.org\/publications\/world-water-development-report-2020\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/2019\/01\/desalination-plants-produce-twice-as-much-waste-brine-as-thought\/\">https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/2019\/01\/desalination-plants-produce-twice-as-much-waste-brine-as-thought\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0048969718349167\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0048969718349167<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16] https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/2019\/01\/desalination-plants-produce-twice-as-much-waste-brine-as-thought\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/476041552622967264\/pdf\/135312-WP-PUBLIC-14-3-2019-12-3-35-W.pdf\">http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/476041552622967264\/pdf\/135312-WP-PUBLIC-14-3-2019-12-3-35-W.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/2019\/01\/desalination-plants-produce-twice-as-much-waste-brine-as-thought\/\">https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/2019\/01\/desalination-plants-produce-twice-as-much-waste-brine-as-thought\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0048969718349167\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0048969718349167<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/news.mit.edu\/2020\/passive-solar-powered-water-desalination-0207\">http:\/\/news.mit.edu\/2020\/passive-solar-powered-water-desalination-0207<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pv-magazine.com\/2020\/02\/06\/a-new-solar-desalination-system-to-address-water-scarcity\/\">https:\/\/www.pv-magazine.com\/2020\/02\/06\/a-new-solar-desalination-system-to-address-water-scarcity\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aquatech.com\/solutions\/zero-liquid-discharge\/\">https:\/\/www.aquatech.com\/solutions\/zero-liquid-discharge\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/environment\/water\/reuse.htm\">https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/environment\/water\/reuse.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/news\/press-release\/2020\/03\/19\/wastewater-a-resource-that-can-pay-dividends-for-people-the-environment-and-economies-says-world-bank\">https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/news\/press-release\/2020\/03\/19\/wastewater-a-resource-that-can-pay-dividends-for-people-the-environment-and-economies-says-world-bank<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/world\/wastewater-report-2018-reuse-opportunity\">https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/world\/wastewater-report-2018-reuse-opportunity<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aquatechtrade.com\/news\/water-reuse\/spain-and-china-continue-as-water-reuse-heavyweights\/\">https:\/\/www.aquatechtrade.com\/news\/water-reuse\/spain-and-china-continue-as-water-reuse-heavyweights\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sandiego.gov\/public-utilities\/sustainability\/pure-water-sd\">https:\/\/www.sandiego.gov\/public-utilities\/sustainability\/pure-water-sd<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pub.gov.sg\/watersupply\/fournationaltaps\/newater\">https:\/\/www.pub.gov.sg\/watersupply\/fournationaltaps\/newater<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/OFID%20Wastewater%20report%202018%20screen.pdf\">https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/OFID%20Wastewater%20report%202018%20screen.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/OFID%20Wastewater%20report%202018%20screen.pdf\">https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/OFID%20Wastewater%20report%202018%20screen.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.almarwater.com\/2019\/05\/09\/almar-water-solutions-to-acquire-mubadala-infrastructure-partners-investment-in-muharraq-sewage-treatment-plant-in-bahrain\/\">https:\/\/www.almarwater.com\/2019\/05\/09\/almar-water-solutions-to-acquire-mubadala-infrastructure-partners-investment-in-muharraq-sewage-treatment-plant-in-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.consilium.europa.eu\/en\/press\/press-releases\/2020\/04\/07\/water-reuse-for-agricultural-irrigation-council-adopts-new-rules\/\">https:\/\/www.consilium.europa.eu\/en\/press\/press-releases\/2020\/04\/07\/water-reuse-for-agricultural-irrigation-council-adopts-new-rules\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":64220,"template":"","tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ 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