{"id":81186,"date":"2020-11-16T05:17:34","date_gmt":"2020-11-16T05:17:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alj.com\/?post_type=perspective&#038;p=81186"},"modified":"2022-09-26T08:23:10","modified_gmt":"2022-09-26T08:23:10","slug":"%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%87-%d8%b9%d8%b0%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d9%81%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%87%d9%84-%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%83%d9%86-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"perspective","link":"https:\/\/alj.com\/ar\/perspective\/%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%87-%d8%b9%d8%b0%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d9%81%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%aa%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%87%d9%84-%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%83%d9%86-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 &#8230; \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0646 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300w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Water-Desalination-in-numbers-1024x473.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Water-Desalination-in-numbers-150x69.jpg 150w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Water-Desalination-in-numbers-768x355.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1535px) 100vw, 1535px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 &#8230; \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-81075\" src=\"https:\/\/www.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Global-Clean-Water-logo-150x113.png\" alt=\"Global Clean Water logo\" width=\"150\" height=\"113\" srcset=\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Global-Clean-Water-logo-150x113.png 150w, https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Global-Clean-Water-logo.png 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/>\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 20\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2020-2025.<a href=\"#_ftn13\" name=\"_ftnref13\">[13]<\/a> \u0648\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0642\u062f 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\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631 GivePower \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<a href=\"#_ftn51\" name=\"_ftnref51\">[51]<\/a> \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640 19,800\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0633\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 25,000 \u0634\u062e\u0635<a href=\"#_ftn52\" name=\"_ftnref52\">[52]<\/a>. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 &#8220;<em>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629<\/em>&#8221; \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 &#8220;<em>\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647<\/em>&#8220;. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a: &#8220;<em>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 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\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/em>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0623\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631.<a href=\"#_ftn53\" name=\"_ftnref53\">[53]<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u00a0\u0625\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628&#8230; \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u062e\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0638\u0645\u0623\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0630\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fao.org\/zhc\/detail-events\/en\/c\/880881\/\">http:\/\/www.fao.org\/zhc\/detail-events\/en\/c\/880881\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/business-functions\/sustainability\/our-insights\/water-a-human-and-business-priority\">https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/business-functions\/sustainability\/our-insights\/water-a-human-and-business-priority<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/detail\/18-06-2019-1-in-3-people-globally-do-not-have-access-to-safe-drinking-water-unicef-who\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/detail\/18-06-2019-1-in-3-people-globally-do-not-have-access-to-safe-drinking-water-unicef-who<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.environmentalleader.com\/2016\/05\/will-clean-energy-desalination-be-a-game-changing-water-fix\/\">https:\/\/www.environmentalleader.com\/2016\/05\/will-clean-energy-desalination-be-a-game-changing-water-fix\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wri.org\/news\/2019\/07\/release-updated-global-water-risk-atlas-reveals-top-water-stressed-countries-and-states\">https:\/\/www.wri.org\/news\/2019\/07\/release-updated-global-water-risk-atlas-reveals-top-water-stressed-countries-and-states<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/business-functions\/sustainability\/our-insights\/climate-risk-and-response-physical-hazards-and-socioeconomic-impacts\">https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/business-functions\/sustainability\/our-insights\/climate-risk-and-response-physical-hazards-and-socioeconomic-impacts<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/topic\/water\/publication\/high-and-dry-climate-change-water-and-the-economy\">https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/topic\/water\/publication\/high-and-dry-climate-change-water-and-the-economy<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/idadesal.org\/\">https:\/\/idadesal.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> \u00a0<u>\u00a0<\/u><a href=\"https:\/\/idadesal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/World-Bank-Report-2019.pdf\">https:\/\/idadesal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/World-Bank-Report-2019.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/books\/water-and-wastewater-treatment\/desalination-with-renewable-energy-a-24-hours-operation-solution\">https:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/books\/water-and-wastewater-treatment\/desalination-with-renewable-energy-a-24-hours-operation-solution<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/2019\/01\/desalination-plants-produce-twice-as-much-waste-brine-as-thought\/\">https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/2019\/01\/desalination-plants-produce-twice-as-much-waste-brine-as-thought\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> \u00a0<u>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 15-18 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2018 \u2013 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 <\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/idadesal.org\/\">https:\/\/idadesal.org\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/climateinitiativesplatform.org\/index.php\/Global_Clean_Water_Desalination_Alliance_(GCWDA)\">http:\/\/climateinitiativesplatform.org\/index.php\/Global_Clean_Water_Desalination_Alliance_(GCWDA)<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0<u>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/u><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/documents1.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/476041552622967264\/pdf\/135312-WP-PUBLIC-14-3-2019-12-3-35-W.pdf\">http:\/\/documents1.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/476041552622967264\/pdf\/135312-WP-PUBLIC-14-3-2019-12-3-35-W.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.irena.org\/-\/media\/Files\/IRENA\/Agency\/Publication\/2012\/IRENA-ETSAP-Tech-Brief-I12-Water-Desalination.pdf\">https:\/\/www.irena.org\/-\/media\/Files\/IRENA\/Agency\/Publication\/2012\/IRENA-ETSAP-Tech-Brief-I12-Water-Desalination.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.awa.asn.au\/AWA_MBRR\/Publications\/Fact_Sheets\/Desalination_Fact_Sheet.aspx\">http:\/\/www.awa.asn.au\/AWA_MBRR\/Publications\/Fact_Sheets\/Desalination_Fact_Sheet.aspx<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.oceanenergycouncil.com\/ocean-energy\/wave-energy\/#:~:text=Kinetic%20energy%2C%20the%20energy%20of,horsepower%20per%20mile%20of%20coast\">https:\/\/www.oceanenergycouncil.com\/ocean-energy\/wave-energy\/#:~:text=Kinetic%20energy%2C%20the%20energy%20of,horsepower%20per%20mile%20of%20coast<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/e360.yale.edu\/features\/why_wave_power_has_lagged_far_behind_as_energy_source\">https:\/\/e360.yale.edu\/features\/why_wave_power_has_lagged_far_behind_as_energy_source<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.water-technology.net\/projects\/ceto-wave-powered-desalination-pilot-plant-garden-island\/\">https:\/\/www.water-technology.net\/projects\/ceto-wave-powered-desalination-pilot-plant-garden-island\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.aquatechtrade.com\/news\/desalination\/desalination-wave-powered\/\">https:\/\/www.aquatechtrade.com\/news\/desalination\/desalination-wave-powered\/#<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/258926982_Geothermal_Research_in_Vounalia_Area_Milos_Island_Greece_for_Seawater_Desalination_and_Power_Production\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/258926982_Geothermal_Research_in_Vounalia_Area_Milos_Island_Greece_for_Seawater_Desalination_and_Power_Production<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/documents1.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/476041552622967264\/pdf\/135312-WP-PUBLIC-14-3-2019-12-3-35-W.pdf\">http:\/\/documents1.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/476041552622967264\/pdf\/135312-WP-PUBLIC-14-3-2019-12-3-35-W.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13201-020-1168-5\">https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13201-020-1168-5<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.solarpaces.org\/blueprint-solar-desalination\/\">https:\/\/www.solarpaces.org\/blueprint-solar-desalination\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.water-technology.net\/projects\/al-khafji-solar-saline-water-reverse-osmosis-solar-swro-desalination-plant\/\">https:\/\/www.water-technology.net\/projects\/al-khafji-solar-saline-water-reverse-osmosis-solar-swro-desalination-plant\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.metito.com\/news-detail\/metito-signs-a-project-worth-220-million-saudi-riyals-to-establish-desalination-plant-and-solar-electricity-generation-in-king-abdullah-economic-city\/\">https:\/\/www.metito.com\/news-detail\/metito-signs-a-project-worth-220-million-saudi-riyals-to-establish-desalination-plant-and-solar-electricity-generation-in-king-abdullah-economic-city\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.water-technology.net\/news\/technology-seawater-drinking-water-30-minutes\/\">https:\/\/www.water-technology.net\/news\/technology-seawater-drinking-water-30-minutes\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.renewableenergymagazine.com\/emily-folk\/solar-technology-could-increase-global-access-to-20200821\">https:\/\/www.renewableenergymagazine.com\/emily-folk\/solar-technology-could-increase-global-access-to-20200821<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/techxplore.com\/news\/2020-02-simple-solar-powered-desalination.html\">https:\/\/techxplore.com\/news\/2020-02-simple-solar-powered-desalination.html<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/books\/desalination-and-water-treatment\/renewable-energy-driven-desalination-hybrids-for-sustainability\">https:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/books\/desalination-and-water-treatment\/renewable-energy-driven-desalination-hybrids-for-sustainability<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\">[33]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/documents1.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/476041552622967264\/pdf\/135312-WP-PUBLIC-14-3-2019-12-3-35-W.pdf\">http:\/\/documents1.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/476041552622967264\/pdf\/135312-WP-PUBLIC-14-3-2019-12-3-35-W.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\">[34]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.solarpaces.org\/blueprint-solar-desalination\/\">https:\/\/www.solarpaces.org\/blueprint-solar-desalination\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\">[35]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/books\/water-and-wastewater-treatment\/desalination-with-renewable-energy-a-24-hours-operation-solution\">https:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/books\/water-and-wastewater-treatment\/desalination-with-renewable-energy-a-24-hours-operation-solution<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\">[36]<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.alfalaval.com\/globalassets\/documents\/media\/here-magazine\/34\/here_34_how_to_grow_tomatoes_in_the_desert_mep_desalination.pdf\">https:\/\/www.alfalaval.com\/globalassets\/documents\/media\/here-magazine\/34\/here_34_how_to_grow_tomatoes_in_the_desert_mep_desalination.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\">[37]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.solarpaces.org\/blueprint-solar-desalination\/\">https:\/\/www.solarpaces.org\/blueprint-solar-desalination\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref38\" name=\"_ftn38\">[38]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/frv.com\/en\/frv-awarded-540-gwh-in-chile\/\">https:\/\/frv.com\/en\/frv-awarded-540-gwh-in-chile\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref39\" name=\"_ftn39\">[39]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.earthmagazine.org\/article\/can-renewable-energy-and-desalination-tackle-two-problems-once\">https:\/\/www.earthmagazine.org\/article\/can-renewable-energy-and-desalination-tackle-two-problems-once<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref40\" name=\"_ftn40\">[40]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/idadesal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/World-Bank-Report-2019.pdf\">https:\/\/idadesal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/World-Bank-Report-2019.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref41\" name=\"_ftn41\">[41]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/idadesal.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/IDA_White_Paper_HAB_rev.1.pdf\">Treating A Moving Target: Harmful Algal Blooms<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref42\" name=\"_ftn42\">[42]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.alj.com\/en\/perspective\/j-wafs-action-good-vibrations-reducing-cost-water-desalination\/\">https:\/\/www.alj.com\/en\/perspective\/j-wafs-action-good-vibrations-reducing-cost-water-desalination\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref43\" name=\"_ftn43\">[43]<\/a> \u00a0<sup>\u00a0<\/sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.waterworld.com\/international\/desalination\/article\/16201273\/desalination-renewables-a-long-engagement-without-the-wedding\">https:\/\/www.waterworld.com\/international\/desalination\/article\/16201273\/desalination-renewables-a-long-engagement-without-the-wedding<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref44\" name=\"_ftn44\">[44]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/news.mit.edu\/2020\/passive-solar-powered-water-desalination-0207\">http:\/\/news.mit.edu\/2020\/passive-solar-powered-water-desalination-0207<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref45\" name=\"_ftn45\">[45]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.environmentalleader.com\/2016\/05\/will-clean-energy-desalination-be-a-game-changing-water-fix\/\">https:\/\/<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.environmentalleader.com\/2016\/05\/will-clean-energy-desalination-be-a-game-changing-water-fix\/\">www.environmentalleader.com\/2016\/05\/will-clean-energy-desalination-be-a-game-changing-water-fix\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref46\" name=\"_ftn46\">[46]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/documents1.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/476041552622967264\/pdf\/135312-WP-PUBLIC-14-3-2019-12-3-35-W.pdf\">http:\/\/documents1.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/476041552622967264\/pdf\/135312-WP-PUBLIC-14-3-2019-12-3-35-W.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref47\" name=\"_ftn47\">[47]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/documents1.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/476041552622967264\/pdf\/135312-WP-PUBLIC-14-3-2019-12-3-35-W.pdf\">http:\/\/documents1.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/476041552622967264\/pdf\/135312-WP-PUBLIC-14-3-2019-12-3-35-W.pdf<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref48\" name=\"_ftn48\">[48]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.waterworld.com\/international\/desalination\/article\/16201273\/desalination-renewables-a-long-engagement-without-the-wedding\">https:\/\/www.waterworld.com\/international\/desalination\/article\/16201273\/desalination-renewables-a-long-engagement-without-the-wedding<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref49\" name=\"_ftn49\">[49]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0011916402010913\">http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0011916402010913<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref50\" name=\"_ftn50\">[50]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2020\/02\/09\/world\/africa\/nile-river-dam.html\"><sup>https<\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2020\/02\/09\/world\/africa\/nile-river-dam.html\"><sup>:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2020\/02\/09\/world\/africa\/nile-river-dam.html<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref51\" name=\"_ftn51\">[51]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/technology-innovation\/solar-power-desalination\">https:\/\/bigthink.com\/technology-innovation\/solar-power-desalination<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref52\" name=\"_ftn52\">[52]<\/a> \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/bigthink.com\/technology-innovation\/solar-power-desalination\">https:\/\/bigthink.com\/technology-innovation\/solar-power-desalination<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref53\" name=\"_ftn53\">[53]<\/a> \u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.solarpaces.org\/blueprint-solar-desalination\/\">https:\/\/www.solarpaces.org\/blueprint-solar-desalination\/<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":81068,"template":"","tags":[181,305,399,306,184],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u00ae\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 | \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u061f | \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 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