\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646 (\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/em> \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645[2]<\/a> )\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637.<\/p>\n \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628.<\/p>\n \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644: \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0630\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u061f\u00a0 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c\u00a0 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a (Deloitte) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 ” \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644”<\/em><\/a>[3]<\/a>\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 “ \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629”<\/em>.<\/p>\n \u064a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 (MaaS).<\/p>\n \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629” \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0640 “\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621” (IoT).<\/p>\n \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/a>.\u00a0 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0626 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629” \u0643\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629.\u00a0 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627:<\/p>\n \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0642 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629” \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 350 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2024.[4]<\/a><\/p>\n \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/a>\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644: \u00a0\u201c\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u201d \u062a\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u2013 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u2013 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 <\/em>\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a>.”<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u00a0\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 100 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (EVs) \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u00a0 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<\/a> \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u062e\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627.\u00a0 \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0638\u0631<\/em> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u064a\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025.[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2022 \u0633\u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 “\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644” \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a.[6]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0648\u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0630\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0646 6250 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627.[8]<\/a><\/p>\n \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0622\u062e\u0630\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 20\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0640 57\u066a \u0641\u064a 2015.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 25\u066a -30\u066a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2030[9]<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u063a\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u061f\u00a0 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629. \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a “\u062c\u0627\u0641” \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064e\u062d\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062e\u0635\u0635\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 50 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629.[10]<\/a><\/p>\n \u0648\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a .[11]<\/a>\u00a0 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c\u00a0 \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0636\u0639 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629[12]<\/a> .<\/p>\n \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 10\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2024\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 4 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020 \u0625\u0644\u0649 21 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644.[13]<\/a><\/p>\n \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a>.\u00a0 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a> (IEA) \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/a>:” \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u062e\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.”[14]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0633 \u0628\u0646\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0645 \u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0627\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644<\/a> \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c<\/a> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020.\u00a0 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0634\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u062a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 30 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064a[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u062d\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0633\u064a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644.<\/p>\n \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 15\u066a -20\u066a – \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 30 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629.[16]<\/a><\/p>\n \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 – \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u2013 \u00a0\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 247 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 44 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2030[17]<\/a> .<\/p>\n \u0643\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644<\/a>\u060c \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1955\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0632\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1989\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0632\u0632\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0648\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0647\u064a\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0631 “\u062f\u064a \u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a” \u0648 “\u062f\u064a \u062c\u064a \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a”\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0648 (DENSO) \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u061b \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u00a0\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 “\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a \u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639” \u00a0(FBK Manufacturing<\/a>) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0630\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2016\u0639\u0644\u0649 “\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a” (NSV<\/a>) \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642.<\/p>\n \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644.. \u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n \u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646 RIVIAN<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0628 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629.\u00a0 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062a \u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 100,000 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2030\u060c \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 100\u066a \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e.[18]<\/a><\/p>\n \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0635\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0634\u0646 (Joby Aviation) \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 320 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 240 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 75 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644: \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c\u00a0 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621\u064b – \u0641\u0647\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0628\u062f\u0623.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n [1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.usinflationcalculator.com\/gasoline-prices-adjusted-for-inflation\/<\/p>\n [2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2016\/04\/the-number-of-cars-worldwide-is-set-to-double-by-2040<\/p>\n [3]<\/a> https:\/\/www2.deloitte.com\/insights\/us\/en\/focus\/future-of-mobility\/government-and-the-future-of-mobility.html<\/a><\/p>\n [4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.psmarketresearch.com\/market-analysis\/maas-market<\/p>\n [5]<\/a> Gearing up for change: transport sector feels the heat over emissions<\/a><\/p>\n [6]<\/a> https:\/\/www2.deloitte.com\/content\/dam\/Deloitte\/uk\/Documents\/manufacturing\/deloitte-uk-battery-electric-vehicles.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n [7]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ev-volumes.com\/news\/81958\/<\/a><\/p>\n [8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpmorgan.com\/global\/research\/electric-vehicles<\/a><\/p>\n [9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/opinion\/articles\/2019-04-12\/electric-vehicle-battery-shrinks-and-so-does-the-total-cost<\/a><\/p>\n [10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/business-48913028<\/a><\/p>\n [11]<\/a> https:\/\/pod-point.com\/guides\/driver\/how-long-to-charge-an-electric-car<\/a><\/p>\n [12]<\/a> https:\/\/echiontech.com\/news.php<\/a><\/p>\n [13]<\/a> https:\/\/www2.deloitte.com\/content\/dam\/Deloitte\/uk\/Documents\/manufacturing\/deloitte-uk-battery-electric-vehicles.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n [14]<\/a> \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c 5 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2019<\/p>\n [15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.toyota.co.uk\/world-of-toyota\/environment\/fuel-cell-vehicle<\/a><\/p>\n [16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/industries\/capital-projects-and-infrastructure\/our-insights\/smart-cities-digital-solutions-for-a-more-livable-future<\/a><\/p>\n [17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rethinkx.com\/press-release\/2017\/5\/3\/new-report-due-to-major-transportation-disruption-95-of-us-car-miles-will-be-traveled-in-self-driving-electric-shared-vehicles-by-2030<\/a><\/p>\n [18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2019\/09\/19\/amazon-is-purchasing-100000-rivian-electric-vans.html<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":84152,"template":"","tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629” \u00a0(MaaS) \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/06\/MAAS-1-1.jpg\")
<\/p>\n\n
\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629!<\/h2>\n
![\"Electric](\"https:\/\/www.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Powering-Up-3.png\")
<\/p>\n![\"Battery](\"https:\/\/www.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/07\/MB8.png\")
<\/p>\n\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629!<\/h2>\n
\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/07\/big-toyota-5-300x167.jpg\")
\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u062d \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n![\"Rivian\"](\"https:\/\/www.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2020\/12\/Rivian-1.jpg\")
<\/p>\n