{"id":115941,"date":"2024-04-17T06:30:27","date_gmt":"2024-04-17T06:30:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alj.com\/?post_type=perspective&p=115941"},"modified":"2024-07-08T11:18:59","modified_gmt":"2024-07-08T11:18:59","slug":"how-china-rose-to-lead-the-world-in-electric-vehicles","status":"publish","type":"perspective","link":"https:\/\/alj.com\/en\/perspective\/how-china-rose-to-lead-the-world-in-electric-vehicles\/","title":{"rendered":"How China rose to lead the world in electric vehicles"},"content":{"rendered":"

China has been a dominant force in the global market for electric vehicles, but competition is increasing both at home and abroad. <\/em><\/h4>\n

China is the world\u2019s biggest producer of electric vehicles (EVs) \u2013 and it\u2019s growing.\u00a0 In 2022, the country accounted for 59% of global EV sales, according to data from the EV Volumes database, with sales of new EVs increasing by 82% from the previous year to reach more than 6 million[1]<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0 China also dominates global production of EVs, accounting for almost two-thirds (64%) in 2022.<\/p>\n

Government support<\/h2>\n

China\u2019s current dominance in the EV market has deep roots.\u00a0 According to an analysis by the MIT Technology Review[2]<\/sup><\/a>, in the early 2000s, the country realized that despite having a developed auto industry, it faced a near-impossible task in seeking to challenge the pre-eminence in making traditional internal combustion engine vehicles enjoyed by manufacturers from the US, Germany and Japan \u2013 the latter of which had also established a lead in hybrid vehicles.<\/p>\n

China therefore took the alternative and high-risk approach of focusing on pure EVs.\u00a0 And it has paid off.\u00a0 In 2001, the government made EV technology a priority science research project in its five-year plan, which sets out the country\u2019s high-level economic strategy.\u00a0 In 2007, Wan Gang, previously an engineer at Audi in Germany and a champion of EVs, was appointed minister of science and technology.\u00a0 Wan\u2019s influence is seen by many as crucial in China\u2019s consistent prioritization of EVs.<\/p>\n

The Chinese government sees the EV industry as strategically important and has supported its development through a range of well-funded policy measures to boost both supply and demand.\u00a0 Between 2009 and 2022, it spent more than 200 billion yuan (US$ 28 billion) on EV subsidies and tax breaks[3]<\/a>.\u00a0 Until 2022, for example, buyers of EVs could benefit from a reimbursement of up to 60,000 yuan (more than US$ 8,000).\u00a0 Many local governments continue to generously subsidize EV purchases[4]<\/a>.\u00a0 And in 2023, the national government unveiled a four-year package extending tax breaks for EV buyers, worth 520 billion yuan (more than US$ 72 billion).\u00a0 EVs and other green cars will continue to be exempt from purchase tax in 2024 and 2025, with the rate halved for 2026 and 2027[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

China\u2019s government has also directly subsidized many domestic EV manufacturers \u2013 and continues to do so.\u00a0 An analysis by Nikkei Asia last year, for example, found that five of the 10 companies receiving the most in grants from the Chinese government in the first half of 2023 were local manufacturers of EVs or EV batteries.\u00a0 BYD Auto, China\u2019s largest EV producer, received 1.78 billion yuan, while the state-owned company SAIC Motor received more than 2 billion yuan[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n

The national government is equally active in its support for innovation in the sector, providing procurement contracts to a range of nascent EV manufacturers to help them get up and running[7]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/sup>\u00a0 Initially, this strategy focused on public transportation.\u00a0 From around 2010, the government provided contracts for public buses, shuttles and other transport modes, helping the industry gain real-world test data as well as valuable revenue.\u00a0 Local governments in China have also offered incentives to EV manufacturers.\u00a0 Shenzhen, for example \u2013 the first city to completely electrify its public bus fleet \u2013 maintains a close relationship with BYD.\u00a0 Research in 2016 found that the support of central and local governments had been \u201ccentral to BYD’s expansion\u201d[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n

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China\u2019s two largest power utilities, State Grid and China Southern Power Grid, are investing heavily in the expansion of charging infrastructure. Image Credit \u00a9 State Grid<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

As well as financial support to the industry, the Chinese government has also prioritized and supported the development of the necessary infrastructure for EVs. The country has 1.8 million public EV charging points: that\u2019s more than 14 times the number in the US[9]<\/sup><\/a>, despite a population just four times larger.\u00a0 This coverage helps to reduce range anxiety, which can be a significant barrier to EV take-up among consumers.\u00a0 It has been achieved in no small part through state efforts.<\/p>\n

The country\u2019s State Grid is a significant provider of charge points and works closely with relevant authorities to make it easier for drivers to charge their vehicles.<\/p>\n

In Jinan\u2019s Laiwu district, for example, the Laiwu Power Supply Co \u2013 part of the State Grid \u2013 has invested in 75 charging stations and 280 piles, creating “10-minute charging circles” to provide peace of mind for EV owners[10]<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0 The company says its efforts mean it is now possible for EV owners to apply to install residential charging facilities with “remarkable speed and convenience”.\u00a0 Initiatives like this form part of a national drive to boost EV infrastructure, with a goal of reaching a ratio of one charging pile for every electric vehicle across the country by 2030.<\/p>\n

“Efforts to boost ‘new infrastructure’ have been highlighted at many high-level meetings in recent years, and China has an urgent need for such efforts amid its green transformation push,”<\/em> one investment consultant told China Daily<\/em> last year[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Vehicle licensing policies are also encouraging the growth of EVs.\u00a0 To combat pollution and congestion, several large Chinese cities restrict the issuing of license plates to ICE vehicles \u2013 with a lottery system used in Beijing and auctions in Shanghai.\u00a0 In contrast, it is much easier to get licenses for EVs: Shanghai will continue to offer free EV licenses in 2023[12]<\/sup><\/a>, while of the 100,000 additional license plates available for Beijing last year, 70% were for EVs[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n

Battery technology<\/h2>\n

Alongside vehicle production, China has also established a world-leading role in the manufacture of EV batteries.\u00a0 With the battery typically accounting for about 40% of the cost of a new EV[14]<\/sup><\/a>, the country\u2019s focus on developing affordable technology in this field is now paying major dividends.\u00a0 Many Western EV makers initially favored lithium nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) batteries, which offer a longer range and higher performance.\u00a0 In contrast, Chinese companies have prioritized lithium iron phosphate (LFP) technology, which is cheaper and more reliable.<\/p>\n

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Photo credit: CATL<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

By focusing on improving LFP batteries, the Chinese firm CATL has become the leading global EV battery manufacturer, with more than a third of the global market[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u201cThe rest of the world\u2019s \u2018miss\u2019 on batteries is that they prioritized battery chemistry tied to performance, not affordability<\/em>,\u201d said Bill Russo, founder of consultancy Automobility, told the Financial Times<\/em> last year. \u201cBy making it cheaper, China wins.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

China\u2019s strength in battery production is bolstered by the good access it has secured to the raw materials used, thanks to a long-term strategy of buying stakes in key mining companies for minerals such as lithium[16]<\/a>.\u00a0 It also controls \u201cthe majority of the refinery capacity in the world when it comes to critical components\u201d, according to the MIT Technology Review[17]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Factors such as these are contributing to the growing global dominance of China in EV batteries.\u00a0 According to SNE Research, in the first three quarters of 2023, six of the top ten firms in terms of global battery usage were Chinese, accounting for 62.9% of the global lithium battery market[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Key players<\/h2>\n

The country\u2019s strength in the manufacture and supply chain for EV batteries underpins the growth of its wider EV industry.\u00a0 In fact, China\u2019s largest EV manufacturer, BYD Auto, was originally a battery maker that supplied mobile phone companies.\u00a0 In the 2000s, the company entered the EV market.\u00a0 It now sells the largest number of fully electric cars worldwide, overtaking the US company Tesla last year[19]<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0 BYD also dominates China\u2019s domestic EV market.\u00a0 In 2023 it sold 2.7m green cars (including EVs and hybrids) with a market share of 35% \u2013 the only company with a share bigger than 10%.<\/p>\n

Given its background, it is perhaps not surprising that BYD\u2019s success has been driven by its innovation in advanced battery technology.\u00a0 In 2020, the company launched the Blade battery, which provides good energy density (the energy it can provide relative to its weight) alongside strong safety credentials.\u00a0 The Blade is used in BYD cars such as its Han sedan model, as well as EVs from companies such as Tesla, Toyota and Mercedes-Benz.\u00a0 BYD was backed with a US$ 230 million investment by Warren Buffett\u2019s Berkshire Hathaway in 2008[20]<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0 The company also benefits from what the UK\u2019s The Guardian newspaper describes as \u201cnear-total control over its supply chain\u201d[21]<\/sup><\/a>, with a range of close links to mining and processing companies.\u00a0 Strategic partnerships with other firms, whether in the auto industry (Toyota, Daimler), or in areas such as software (the Chinese tech giant Baidu) have also helped to drive its growth.<\/p>\n

The second largest share of China\u2019s EV market is held by a foreign firm \u2013 the US-based Tesla, which accounted for 7.8% of the market last year.\u00a0 Western auto firms have historically operated in China through joint ventures.\u00a0 But since 2019, Tesla has had its own wholly-owned factory in Shanghai, which received national and local government support and now makes 150,000 cars a year[22]<\/a>.\u00a0 The company has also benefited from Chinese government subsidies.\u00a0 Tesla primarily targets the high-end market, while BYD\u2019s main focus is on more affordable cars such as the Seagull, billed as the world\u2019s cheapest electric car.\u00a0 Nonetheless, Tesla is in increasingly fierce competition with Chinese firms.\u00a0 In 2023, it significantly cut prices for some of its Chinese models[23]<\/a> and the country now accounts for half its total EV sales.\u00a0 Another top Chinese EV maker, Geely, is also increasingly competing with Tesla through its premium brand, Zeekr[24]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

While established overseas auto brands such as Volkswagen and BMW have historically enjoyed a significant presence in China, the growing popularity of EVs is eating into their market share \u2013 and they face a major challenge in breaking into this hotly contested sphere themselves[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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George Wang (\u738b\u6052)
Country General Manager, Abdul Latif Jameel China<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cChinese brands \u2013 particularly new and EV-first brands, are very strong in their electric vehicles offers, while legacy international brands are, at the moment at least, rather weaker, so the market share of Chinese brands is increasing and overtaking international brands<\/em>\u201d, explained George (\u738b\u6052) Wang<\/a>, Country General Manager, Abdul Latif Jameel China.<\/p>\n

Nonetheless, many international brands continue to invest as they seek to build a long-term presence in the country.\u00a0 US automotive giant General Motors, for example, partners with two Chinese firms in the SAIC-GM-Wuling joint venture \u2013 which had the fifth largest share of the country\u2019s EV market in 2023.\u00a0 Abdul Latif Jameel’s long-standing partner Toyota meanwhile, a pioneer in sustainable mobility, continues to have a significant presence in China, and in 2023 announced plans to boost its development of EV technology in the country[26]<\/a>.\u00a0 Abdul Latif Jameel Motors has worked with Toyota in China for more than 25 years, and now operates in eight locations across four different provinces.<\/p>\n

\u201cWith our long experience in China, the good reputation of Abdul Latif Jameel China in the local market, the trust of more than 270,000 customers and a professional, dedicated and loyal team, we are well placed for further growth and new business opportunities in this exciting market<\/em>,\u201d said George Wang.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

International growth<\/strong><\/p>\n

Amid intense domestic competition, Chinese EV brands are increasingly looking to international markets. \u00a0BYD\u2019s recent ousting of Tesla from the top spot in global EV sales is indicative of a wider trend.\u00a0 Chinese brands now account for about half of all EVs sold globally[27]<\/a>.\u00a0 In 2022, China contributed 35% of global EV exports, according to a report from the International Energy Agency (IEA)[28]<\/a>, compared with just 4.2% in 2018.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Europe \u2013 where Chinese-made EVs can typically be sold for around twice the price they fetch in their home market[29]<\/a> \u2013 is a major target for many firms, accounting for around a third of China\u2019s EV exports.\u00a0 The EU\u2019s decision to ban the sale of ICE vehicles by 2035 creates a strong incentive for consumer purchases, while compared to the US there are lower trade tariffs and fewer political tensions.\u00a0 According to customs data, Chinese \u2018new energy vehicle\u2019 shipments to the EU more than doubled in the first seven months of 2023, and have increased more than fourfold since 2021[30]<\/a>, while EU imports of Chinese cars have quadrupled in the past five years[31]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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Photo credit: BYD<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

BYD, for example, already has 230 outlets across 19 European countries, and has signed a deal to supply the German-based car rental company Sixt with 100,000 EVs by 2028[32]<\/a>.\u00a0 The company plans to launch three new car models in Europe in 2024, in addition to the five it currently sells[33]<\/a>.\u00a0 Underlining its European ambitions, BYD also recently announced plans to build its first car factory in the continent.\u00a0 The company says the planned plant in Szeged, Hungary, will act as a base for its European operations and create thousands of local jobs.\u00a0 Michael Shu, European managing director, believes the company has the potential to \u201cbe 10 times bigger\u201d in Europe[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Other growing markets include Southeast Asia, where Chinese firms sell around three quarters of EVs, and have committed to invest around US$ 1.5 billion in production facilities[35]<\/a>.\u00a0 Last year, BYD began constructing a passenger car plant in Thailand which is expected to produce 150,000 vehicles annually, beginning this year[36]<\/a>.\u00a0 By developing distribution partnerships with local dealers, the company had gained more than a quarter (26%) of Southeast Asia\u2019s rapidly growing EV market by the second quarter of 2023[37]<\/a>.\u00a0 Other Chinese EV firms operating in the region include GAC Aion, which began selling cars in Thailand in 2023 and started building a plant in the country this year.\u00a0 It is the firm\u2019s first overseas production site, underlining Thailand\u2019s central role in its globalization strategy[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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Challenges for Western automotive brands<\/strong><\/p>\n

The global initiatives of Chinese EV firms are already achieving success.\u00a0 Although almost 90% of BYD\u2019s sales came from China in December in 2023, its exports are rapidly increasing: in the second half of 2023, overseas sales were more than three times their level a year earlier[39]<\/a>.\u00a0 According to Chinese industry groups, growing EV sales helped China overtake Japan last year as the world\u2019s biggest exporter of cars[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

China\u2019s growing international clout in EVs is causing Western automotive and government leaders to take notice.\u00a0 In September 2023, Renault chief executive Luca de Meo said he believed Chinese EV makers were \u201ca generation ahead of us,\u201d adding that \u201cwe need to catch up very, very quickly\u201d[41]<\/a>.\u00a0 Similarly, European Commission (EC) President Ursula von der Leyen has expressed concerns over the influx of generally cheaper Chinese EV brands.<\/p>\n

The EC said China’s share of EVs sold in Europe has risen to 8% and could reach 15% in 2025, with vehicle prices typically 20% below EU-made models[42]<\/a>. \u00a0The Commission is carrying out a formal investigation, due to conclude by the end of 2024, into whether it needs to impose new tariffs on EV imports from China due to \u201cillegal subsidization\u201d[43]<\/a>.\u00a0 The move followed pressure from the French government[44]<\/a>, which in December imposed measures of its own that are expected to curb Chinese EV sales \u2013 revamping the rules for consumer cash incentives to favor French and European models[45]<\/a>.\u00a0 Italy is reportedly considering a similar approach[46]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The current tariffs on importing cars to the EU are relatively low, at 10%.\u00a0 In the US, Chinese EVs face much higher barriers: a 27.5% tax on Chinese auto imports imposed under Donald Trump, to which the current president Joe Biden has added further protectionist tax credits which favor North American manufacturers[47]<\/a>.\u00a0 So far, such measures have limited the penetration of Chinese EVs into the US market.\u00a0 But some lawmakers in the country believe they do not go far enough and are calling for further tariffs[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Future trends<\/strong><\/p>\n

The increasing political pushback against China\u2019s global EV ambitions may slow them down, but it is unlikely to bring things to a halt.\u00a0 For one thing, the growing production presence of Chinese firms close to their target markets could well help them avoid tariffs.\u00a0 BYD\u2019s factory in Hungary is seen as a possible way to avoid punitive measures from the EU[49]<\/a>.\u00a0 The Chinese firm is also planning a factory in Mexico[50]<\/a>, which could help it avoid import tariffs to the US \u2013 joining other Chinese carmakers that have adopted similar strategies[51]<\/a>.\u00a0 In addition, any measures taken against cars made in China would also hit Western firms with factories in the country.<\/p>\n

Progress through partnership<\/h2>\n

Tesla chief executive Elon Musk recently warned that Chinese EV firms would \u201cdemolish\u201d most of their global rivals without trade barriers[52]<\/a>.\u00a0 But Western car makers have not been universally supportive of protectionist measures.\u00a0 Recent moves suggest the future may see increasing collaboration between Western and Chinese firms.\u00a0 Carlos Tavares, Chief Executive of multinational Stellantis \u2013 which counts Chrysler, FIAT and Peugeot among its brands \u2013 for example, has criticized the EU\u2019s subsidy probe, saying \u201cwe have to adopt a global mentality\u201d[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

In October 2023, his firm announced it would buy a 21% stake in the Chinese EV maker Leapmotor.\u00a0 The firm will own a majority stake in a joint venture that will give it exclusive export, sale and manufacturing rights for Leapmotor products outside China[54]<\/a>.\u00a0 The move followed Volkswagen\u2019s acquisition of a 5% stake in Chinese firm Xpeng for US$ 700 million a few months earlier: the companies plan to develop two new VW-branded EVs for the Chinese market by 2026[55]<\/a>.\u00a0 Increasing competition in the EV industry may well drive further collaboration. Renault boss de Meo recently suggested a collective European EV initiative, on the model of the Airbus consortium, could benefit the continent\u2019s car makers[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Within China itself, future consolidation within the industry is widely expected, with the head of one EV firm, Li Auto, recently calling for the government to facilitate this[57]<\/a>.\u00a0 Shares in several key manufacturers have recently fallen amid profitability concerns[58]<\/a> \u2013 indeed, it\u2019s partly in response to the squeezed domestic market that the industry is focusing its attention overseas.\u00a0 This will certainly involve further challenges.\u00a0 The difficulty of establishing brand awareness and trust, as well as sales networks, in new markets should not be underestimated.\u00a0 But a strong head-start, affordable prices, and dominance in battery production all point to a bright future for Chinese EVs as their presence grows on the global stage.<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2023\/05\/electric-vehicles-ev-sales-growth-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2023\/02\/21\/1068880\/how-did-china-dominate-electric-cars-policy\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/chinadialogue.net\/en\/business\/life-after-subsidies-for-chinas-evs<\/a><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2023-07-17\/how-china-beat-everyone-to-be-world-leader-in-electric-vehicles<\/a><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/autos-transportation\/china-announces-extension-purchase-tax-break-nevs-until-2027-2023-06-21\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/asia.nikkei.com\/Spotlight\/Electric-cars-in-China\/China-gives-EV-sector-billions-of-yuan-in-subsidies<\/a><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2023\/02\/21\/1068880\/how-did-china-dominate-electric-cars-policy\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.elsevier.es\/es-revista-revista-administracao-e-inovacao-239-articulo-electric-vehicles-in-china-byd-S1809203916300018<\/a><\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telematicswire.net\/china-leads-the-ev-revolution-with-1-8-million-public-charging-stations\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.chinadaily.com.cn\/a\/202310\/26\/WS6539ce60a31090682a5ead90.html<\/a><\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.chinadaily.com.cn\/a\/202310\/26\/WS6539ce60a31090682a5ead90.html<\/a><\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/cnevpost.com\/2023\/12\/15\/shanghai-to-continue-offering-free-license-plates-for-bevs-2024\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/cnevpost.com\/2023\/01\/05\/beijing-to-hand-out-100000-extra-license-plates-in-2023-70-to-evs<\/a><\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/autos-transportation\/battery-test-race-work- out-what-used-evs-are-really-worth-2023-10-23\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/1f95d204-ea6a-4cf3-b66a-952362e8092a<\/a><\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2023\/05\/16\/business\/china-ev-battery.html<\/a><\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2023\/02\/21\/1068880\/how-did-china-dominate-electric-cars-policy\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.chinadaily.com.cn\/a\/202312\/28\/WS658cce0ca31040ac301a9e62.html<\/a><\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/business-67860232<\/a><\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2008\/09\/27\/warren-buffett-invests-in-chinese-company-developing-green-cars.html<\/a><\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2023\/jul\/29\/battery-power-how-china-could-take-charge-of-the-electric-vehicle-market<\/a><\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/graniteshares.com\/institutional\/uk\/en-uk\/research\/tesla-s-china-strategy-how-the-world-s-largest-auto-market-impacts-stock-prices\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/32894a32-d094-43cb-af96-ee5d29bffa0d<\/a><\/p>\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/025133e1-68ee-405c-9871-cc67520a0b65<\/a><\/p>\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.economist.com\/briefing\/2024\/01\/11\/western-firms-are-quaking-as-chinas-electric-car-industry-speeds-up<\/a><\/p>\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/autos-transportation\/toyota-says-boost-ev-development-technology-china-2023-07-31\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2023-07-17\/how-china-beat-everyone-to-be-world-leader-in-electric-vehicles<\/a><\/p>\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/global-ev-outlook-2023\/executive-summary<\/a><\/p>\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2023-12-20\/china-is-under-pressure-to-keep-exporting-electric-cars-to-the-eu<\/a><\/p>\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/autos-transportation\/what-is-driving-chinese-ev-exports-their-price-competitiveness-2023-09-14\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2023\/09\/07\/cars\/china-evs-global-intl-hnk\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/autos-transportation\/sixt-agrees-purchase-around-100000-e-vehicles-chinas-byd-2022-10-04\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/china-byd-hungary-autos-evs-72587976c85d3f9b56d990a6296c73b4#<\/a><\/p>\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fleeteurope.com\/en\/new-energies\/europe\/features\/byd-targets-european-fleet-sector<\/a><\/p>\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/autos-transportation\/chinese-electric-vehicle-investment-plans-thailand-2023-07-09\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/cnevpost.com\/2023\/03\/11\/byd-begins-construction-of-thailand-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/autos-transportation\/chinas-byd-rides-partnerships-expand-ev-sales-southeast-asia-2023-09-19\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/carnewschina.com\/2024\/01\/31\/gac-aion-thailand-factory-officially-started-construction\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/business\/autos\/chinas-ev-champion-byd-will-take-on-the-world-in-2024-9da4cfde<\/a><\/p>\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.economist.com\/briefing\/2024\/01\/11\/western-firms-are-quaking-as-chinas-electric-car-industry-speeds-up<\/a><\/p>\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2023\/09\/07\/cars\/china-evs-global-intl-hnk\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/eu-launches-anti-subsidy-investigation-into-chinese-electric-vehicles-2023-09-13\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/presscorner\/detail\/en\/ip_23_4752<\/a><\/p>\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/brussels-officially-starts-probe-into-chinese-electric-vehicles\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/autos-transportation\/sixty-five-percent-electric-cars-sold-france-can-quality-state-bonus-scheme-2023-12-14\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/autos-transportation\/italy-weighs-auto-incentive-scheme-reduce-chinese-ev-price-advantage-sources-2023-10-02\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/china-us-europe-electric-cars-miles-apart-the-us-and-europe-diverge-on-car-threat\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/business\/autos\/why-americans-cant-buy-cheap-chinese-electric-vehicles-53473383<\/a><\/p>\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/trans.info\/byd-eu-import-tariffs-375126<\/a><\/p>\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/autos-transportation\/chinas-byd-plans-new-electric-vehicle-plant-mexico-says-nikkei-2024-02-13\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/business\/autos\/why-americans-cant-buy-cheap-chinese-electric-vehicles-53473383<\/a><\/p>\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/autos-transportation\/tesla-ceo-musk-chinese-ev-firms-will-demolish-rivals-without-trade-barriers-2024-01-25\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/europe.autonews.com\/automakers\/eu-probe-chinese-car-exports-slammed-carlos-tavares<\/a><\/p>\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/europe.autonews.com\/automakers\/stellantis-plans-buy-20-stake-chinas-leapmotor<\/a><\/p>\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2023\/07\/27\/cars\/china-volkswagen-xpeng-investment-intl-hnk\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autocar.co.uk\/car-news\/new-cars\/renault-ceo-luca-de-meo-how-save-car-industry<\/a><\/p>\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2024-02-21\/li-auto-ceo-calls-for-industry-m-a-as-china-ev-demand-softens?leadSource=uverify%20wall<\/a><\/p>\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2024\/01\/11\/chinas-ev-stocks-start-2024-in-reverse-gear-as-price-wars-pressure-profitability.html<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":115993,"template":"","tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nChina's Electric Vehicle Leadership | Abdul Latif Jameel\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"China has been a dominant force in EV production. 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