{"id":13672,"date":"2017-05-10T06:03:26","date_gmt":"2017-05-10T06:03:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.alj.com\/tr\/news\/water-scarcity-regional-challenge\/"},"modified":"2020-04-29T16:03:52","modified_gmt":"2020-04-29T16:03:52","slug":"water-scarcity-regional-challenge","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/alj.com\/tr\/news\/water-scarcity-regional-challenge\/","title":{"rendered":"Su K\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131: B\u00f6lgesel bir G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn Global bir F\u0131rsata D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

GCC 2016 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc boyunca topraktan \u00e7\u0131kan bir s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n ekonomik etkisi ile u\u011fra\u015fmak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Petrol \u00e7ok uzun zamand\u0131r b\u00f6lge ekonomilerinin temel ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. Elde edilen gelirler ile muazzam kentler kurulmu\u015f, yat\u0131r\u0131m ve modernle\u015fme sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f ve t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgede kalk\u0131nma desteklenmi\u015ftir. Ama GCC b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye ve geli\u015fmeye devam edecek ise endi\u015feye neden olan ba\u015fka bir s\u0131v\u0131 vard\u0131r \u2013 b\u00f6lgenin gelece\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nemli bir s\u0131v\u0131: su.<\/p>\n

Talep ile Da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n E\u015fle\u015ftirilmesi<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Su hayat i\u00e7in temel \u00f6neme sahiptir ama istikrarl\u0131, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir \u015fekilde temin edilmesi h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00f6nemli bir g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck olarak durmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnyada yedi milyar ki\u015fiye yeterli tatl\u0131 su bulunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen suyun e\u015fit olmayan bi\u00e7imde da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden gittik\u00e7e artan say\u0131da b\u00f6lge kronik \u015fekilde su s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ekmektedir. Son derece verimsiz t\u00fcketim d\u00fczenleri y\u00fcz\u00fcnden muazzam miktarlarda su israf edilerek, kirletilerek veya s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir olmayan \u015fekilde y\u00f6netilerek bu sorun daha da derinle\u015ftirilmektedir. Ger\u00e7ekten de son y\u00fczy\u0131l i\u00e7inde su kullan\u0131m\u0131 n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n iki kat\u0131ndan fazla artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.]<\/p>\n

Orta Do\u011fu ve Kuzey Afrika b\u00f6lgesinde (MENA) \u2013 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en kurak b\u00f6lgesi \u2013 sorunlar daha da a\u011f\u0131r durumdad\u0131r. B\u00f6lge n\u00fcfusunun yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131 talebin arz\u0131n \u00e7ok gerisinde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u2018su stresi\u2019 ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnyada suyun en k\u0131t oldu\u011fu 12 \u00fclkenin bulundu\u011fu bir b\u00f6lge i\u00e7in bu durum belki \u015fa\u015f\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olmayabilir ama arz ile talep aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re MENA b\u00f6lgesi k\u00fcresel n\u00fcfusun y\u00fczde 6\u2019s\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ermektedir ama d\u00fcnyan\u0131n yenilenebilir su kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 2\u2019sinden az\u0131na sahiptir. B\u00f6lge \u00fclkelerinin ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na y\u0131lda 1.000 m3<\/sup>\u2019\u00fcn alt\u0131nda yenilenebilir su \u00fcretmesi ola\u011fand\u0131\u015f\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

\"fa06-total-renewable-water-resources-with-caption\"<\/p>\n

NASA ve Kaliforniya Irvine \u00dcniversitesi taraf\u0131ndan 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma Orta Do\u011fu\u2019nun 2003 il\u00e2 2009 aras\u0131nda tatl\u0131 su rezervlerini nas\u0131l k\u00f6kl\u00fc \u015fekilde t\u00fcketti\u011fini ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Bu yedi y\u0131ll\u0131k d\u00f6nem i\u00e7inde b\u00f6lgenin tatl\u0131 su rezervlerinin hacmi 143,6 kilometre k\u00fcp azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r \u2013 bu hacim bu d\u00f6nemde gezegendeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u0131v\u0131 tatl\u0131 su kay\u0131plar\u0131 aras\u0131ndad\u0131r ve yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak \u00d6l\u00fc Deniz\u2019in hacminin tamam\u0131na e\u015fittir. Yaln\u0131zca BAE\u2019de taban suyu d\u00fczeyi son 30 y\u0131l boyunca y\u0131lda yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 metre d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr ve \u00fclkenin do\u011fal tatl\u0131 su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde t\u00fckenece\u011fi tahmin edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

T\u00fcketim Denetim D\u0131\u015f\u0131nda<\/strong><\/h5>\n

H\u0131zla azalan bu su rezervleri talep s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lsa bile a\u011f\u0131r bir tehdit olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r. Ama t\u00fcketimi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda da, Orta Do\u011fu ayn\u0131 zamanda d\u00fcnyada en y\u00fcksek su t\u00fcketme oranlar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131na sahiptir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Bahreyn her y\u0131l elindeki yenilenebilir su rezervlerinin y\u00fczde 220\u2019sini kullanmaktad\u0131r ama bu de\u011fer Kuveyt\u2019teki yenilenebilir rezervlerin y\u00fczde 2.465\u2019ine \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Suudi Arabistan\u2019da bu de\u011fer y\u00fczde 943\u2019t\u00fcr ve Kral Saud \u00dcniversitesinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma Suudi Arabistan\u2019\u0131n ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na g\u00fcnl\u00fck ortalama t\u00fcketimini 265 litre olarak tahmin etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Su t\u00fcketimi tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde en \u00f6nemli d\u00fczeydedir ve \u00e7o\u011funlukla b\u00f6lgedeki y\u0131ll\u0131k talebin y\u00fczde 80\u2019ine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelmektedir. Etkiye sahip ba\u015fka unsurlar da bulunmaktad\u0131r. End\u00fcstriyel su kullan\u0131m\u0131 bu d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc daha da s\u0131kmakta ve kentle\u015fme ve iyile\u015fen hayat tarzlar\u0131 normal faaliyetlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcren vatanda\u015flar aras\u0131nda y\u00fcksek su t\u00fcketimine yol a\u00e7maya devam etmektedir. Bah\u00e7e bak\u0131m\u0131 ve otomobil y\u0131kama gibi g\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u015fler su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli miktarda kullanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Genel g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm iyi de\u011fildir ve daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fmektedir. N\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ve k\u00fcresel iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi etkilerinin olumsuz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fck\u00e7e su temini \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131 daha da artacakt\u0131r ve MENA b\u00f6lgesinde ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na elde edilebilir suyun 2050 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar yar\u0131ya inmesi beklenmektedir.<\/p>\n

Su K\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Ticari Etkisi<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaln\u0131zca sosyal bir etkiye sahip de\u011fildir, ayr\u0131ca \u00f6nemli bir ticari etkiye de sahiptir. \u00d6nlem al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde bu etki muhtemelen artacak ve yo\u011funla\u015facakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131na g\u00f6re, su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 30 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde bunlar\u0131n GSY\u0130H\u2019sinin y\u00fczde 6\u2019s\u0131na kadar bir maliyete yol a\u00e7abilir. Ayr\u0131ca g\u00f6\u00e7, y\u00fcksek g\u0131da fiyatlar\u0131 ve muhtemel \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir itici kuvvet olmas\u0131 beklenmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu endi\u015feleri Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler dile getirmektedir. D\u00fcnya Su Geli\u015ftirme Raporu 2016, su elde edilebilirli\u011finin azalmas\u0131n\u0131n \u201cb\u00f6lgesel su, enerji ve g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fini ve potansiyel olarak jeopolitik g\u00fcvenli\u011fi etkileyece\u011fi\u201d inanc\u0131nda oldu\u011funu vurgulamaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca ekonomik faaliyete ve i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc pazar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 tehditlerden s\u00f6z etmekte ve \u201cg\u00fcvenli i\u00e7me suyu ve sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 koruma hakk\u0131\u2026 di\u011fer insan haklar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesinden ayr\u0131lamayacak olan uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7ekte kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bir insan hakk\u0131d\u0131r\u201d diye vurgulamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/a>\"fa06-water-scarcity-effects-on-gdp\"<\/p>\n

Muazzam Bir G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck \u2013 Ve Daha Da B\u00fcy\u00fck Bir F\u0131rsat<\/strong><\/p>\n

Orta Do\u011fu\u2019nun artan n\u00fcfusunu desteklemeye yetecek suyu \u00fcretmek, su \u00fcretim tesislerine ve altyap\u0131ya devasa yat\u0131r\u0131mlar; bu s\u00fcre\u00e7ler de enerji gerektirmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ok say\u0131da b\u00f6lgesel pazar 50 y\u0131ldan uzun s\u00fcredir tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rmaya yasland\u0131. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n mevcut tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma kapasitesinin yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 70\u2019i Orta Do\u011fu\u2019da bulunmaktad\u0131r ve bu artmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin Suudi Arabistan tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma kapasitesini artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in 2020 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar 24,3 milyar US$ tutar\u0131nda yat\u0131r\u0131m tahsis etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

H\u00e2lbuki su \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in mevcut tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir de\u011fildir. Yo\u011fun \u015fekilde enerji kullanan bir i\u015flemdir, bol miktarda petrole dayan\u0131r ve muazzam bir \u00e7evresel maliyete sahiptir. T\u00fcm d\u00fcnyadaki tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma tesislerinin y\u0131lda 76 milyon ton karbondioksit \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir. Bu durum Romanya b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bir \u00fclke ile denktir ve \u00f6nemli bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yer almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde 2040 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar \u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 beklenmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bu nedenle temiz su \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in daha s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir yakla\u015f\u0131m bulunmas\u0131 temel bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu yaln\u0131zca b\u00fcy\u00fck bir zorluk de\u011fildir \u2013 ayn\u0131 zamanda muazzam bir f\u0131rsatt\u0131r. Uluslararas\u0131 Yenilenebilir Enerji Ajans\u0131n\u0131n (IRENA) yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma mevcut durumda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f suyunun yaln\u0131z y\u00fczde 1\u2019inin yenilenebilir kaynaklardan gelen enerjiye dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin etmektedir \u2013 bu durum GCC\u2019nin bu yenilik\u00e7i teknolojide bir d\u00fcnya lideri haline gelmesi i\u00e7in muazzam ticari potansiyel bulundu\u011funun bir g\u00f6stergesidir.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Yenilenebilir Su: Uygun Fiyatl\u0131 Bir Ger\u00e7eklik Mi?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 Tuzdan Ar\u0131nd\u0131rma Birli\u011fine g\u00f6re tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f suya olan talep her y\u0131l y\u00fczde 8 artmaktad\u0131r. \u2018Geleneksel\u2019 tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rman\u0131n maliyeti orta gelirli b\u00f6lgeler ve \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in zaten uygun bir d\u00fczeye sahiptir. Ama geleneksel tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma tesislerini \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in gereken enerjiyi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in fosil yak\u0131tlar kullan\u0131lmaya devam edilmesi yaln\u0131zca bir \u00e7evre sorununun yerine bir di\u011ferini koymak demektir.<\/p>\n

Bunun yerine yenilenebilir enerji ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma i\u015flemine \u00f6nem verilmelidir. \u0130leriyi g\u00f6ren baz\u0131 k\u00fcresel pazarlar \u015fimdiden bu konuda \u00f6nlem almaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin Bat\u0131 Avustralya\u2019da eyalet y\u00f6netimi t\u00fcm yeni tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma tesislerinin yenilenebilir enerji kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u015fart ko\u015fmaktad\u0131r\u00a0\u2013 bunun sonucunda Perth Deniz Suyu Tuzdan Ar\u0131nd\u0131rma Tesisi (SWRO), Perth\u2019in kuzeyinde bulunan bir r\u00fczgar \u00e7iftli\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilen elektrik ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yenilenebilir teknolojiler ile ilgili maliyetler azalmaya devam ettik\u00e7e hem yenilenebilir enerji \u00fcretimi hem tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma s\u00fcreci i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan teknolojilerde yer alan geli\u015fmeler birle\u015ferek yenilenebilir tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rmay\u0131 \u00e7ok daha eri\u015filebilir bir duruma getirecektir.<\/p>\n

Yeni teknolojiler \u2013 \u00f6n ar\u0131tma i\u015flemleri, nano teknoloji filtre etme i\u015flemleri ve elektro-mekanik tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma dahil olmak \u00fczere \u2013 ayr\u0131ca tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rmay\u0131 daha verimli duruma getirmektedir. Ama bunlar hen\u00fcz ilk geli\u015ftirme a\u015famalar\u0131nda bulunmaktad\u0131r. Hem bunlar\u0131n geli\u015fmesi hem de g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131s\u0131l, g\u00fcne\u015f fotovoltaik (PV), r\u00fczgar ve jeotermal enerji gibi tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma i\u00e7in uygun olan yenilenebilir teknolojilerin geli\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7aba harcamal\u0131y\u0131z. Bu geli\u015fmeler bir araya getirilerek kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman yaln\u0131zca Orta Do\u011fu\u2019da de\u011fil t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada yenilenebilir suyun elde edilebilirli\u011fi \u00fczerinde ger\u00e7ek bir etkide bulunabiliriz.<\/p>\n

BAE bu ticari f\u0131rsatlar\u0131n potansiyelinin fark\u0131na varm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l Abu Dabi S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik Haftas\u0131 s\u0131rs\u0131nda Abu Dabi h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin bir kurulu\u015fu tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma i\u015fleminin karbon ayak izini k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcltme yollar\u0131n\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in bir giri\u015fim ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00f6nayak olmu\u015ftur. Bu kurulu\u015f ayr\u0131ca K\u00fcresel Temiz Su Tuzdan Ar\u0131nd\u0131rma Birli\u011finin (GCWDA) kurulmas\u0131nda da \u00f6nemli bir rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em>Cesaret bulmak olmak i\u00e7in nedenler vard\u0131r. Yaln\u0131zca be\u015f y\u0131l i\u00e7inde Abdul Latif Jameel Enerji GCC k\u00f6kenli en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi geli\u015ftirme \u015firketi ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen bir g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri geli\u015ftirme \u015firketi haline gelmi\u015ftir. 15\u2019ten fazla \u00fclkedeki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile yenilenebilir enerji olanaklar\u0131na yat\u0131r\u0131m yapm\u0131\u015f ve bunlar\u0131 k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte ve \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fe sahip \u015fekilde geli\u015ftirecek kadar b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Bu ba\u015far\u0131 \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fc ve benzerleri su end\u00fcstrisinin de Abdul Latif Jameel Enerji\u2019nin [BA\u011eLANTI www.alj.com\/energy<\/a>] n\u00fcfusun ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layan daha s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir su \u00fcretimi yaratma aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yeteneklerini aktif \u015fekilde geni\u015fletti\u011fi bir sekt\u00f6r haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n

Birle\u015fik Bir Yakla\u015f\u0131m<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yenilenebilir enerjiye dayanan tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma i\u015flemi ileriye do\u011fru a\u00e7\u0131k bir yol olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm yal\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131lamaz. D\u00fcnyadaki su g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 koymak i\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fcmetler, end\u00fcstri, bilim ve toplum kendi \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015feni yapacak \u015fekilde s\u00fcrekli olarak yeni ve yenilik\u00e7i yakla\u015f\u0131mlar geli\u015ftirme ihtiyac\u0131 da bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Verimlilik bu stratejinin kaidelerinden birisi olmal\u0131d\u0131r. T\u00fcm GCC i\u00e7inde yo\u011fun \u015fekilde s\u00fcbvanse edilen su fiyatlar\u0131 suyun umursamadan yabana g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Abu Dabi\u2019de su tarifelerinin y\u00fckseltilmesi gerekti\u011fi savunulmaktad\u0131r ve Abu Dabi \u00c7evre Ajans\u0131 da (EAD) 55.000 evde ve 5.000 kamu binas\u0131nda ak\u0131\u015f k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 cihaz takm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u2018Su stresi\u2019 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerde uygulama ve politika alanlar\u0131ndaki \u00f6nlemlerden olu\u015fan bir bile\u015fim eksiksiz \u015fekilde g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bilimsel geli\u015fme de temel bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. MIT\u2019teki Abdul Latif Jameel D\u00fcnya Su ve G\u0131da G\u00fcvenli\u011fi (J-WAFS) Laboratuvar\u0131 [BA\u011eLANTI www.jwafs.mit.edu<\/a>] gibi giri\u015fimler sayesinde end\u00fcstri ile akademi \u00e7evreleri aras\u0131ndaki ortakl\u0131klar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi, \u00f6nc\u00fc ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyadaki topluluklar i\u00e7in uygulanabilir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yaln\u0131zca 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda J-WAFS \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri vas\u0131tas\u0131 ile 2 milyon ABD$ tutar\u0131ndan fazla yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. May\u0131s 2016\u2019da 1,3 milyon ABD$ tutar\u0131nda tohum hibesi fonu verilmi\u015f ve bunun ard\u0131ndan A\u011fustos 2016\u2019da her birisi 150.000 ABD$ tutar\u0131nda olmak \u00fczere be\u015f hibe daha verilmi\u015ftir. H\u00e2len, kirlenmi\u015f su i\u00e7in elektro-kimyasal ay\u0131rma i\u015flemlerinden at\u0131klar\u0131 g\u0131daya \u00e7evirmek i\u00e7in mantar mayalar\u0131na kadar de\u011fi\u015fen konularda sorunlar\u0131 ele alan 17 aktif J-WAFS projesi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu paran\u0131n her kuru\u015fu gelecek 50 y\u0131l boyunca insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde duracak olan b\u00fcy\u00fck sorunlar\u0131n ele al\u0131nmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ortak ve acil sorunlara kar\u015f\u0131 koyarken h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin de aktif olmas\u0131 gerekir. Orta Do\u011fu bu alanda zaten iyi bir ilerleme g\u00f6stermektedir. Suudi Arabistan\u2019\u0131n Vizyon 2030<\/em> ulusal kalk\u0131nma stratejisi su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini a\u00e7\u0131k \u015fekilde tan\u0131yarak \u00fclkenin \u201ct\u00fcketimi azaltarak ve ar\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve yenilenebilir su kullanarak su kaynaklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 optimum \u015fekilde kullanmay\u0131\u201d destekleyece\u011fini taahh\u00fct etmektedir. \u015eunlar\u0131 eklemektedir: \u201c\u2026 do\u011fal ve yenilenebilir su kaynaklar\u0131 bulunan b\u00f6lgeler i\u00e7in suyun tar\u0131mda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na \u00f6ncelik verilecektir. Her t\u00fcrl\u00fc kaynak israf\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in t\u00fcketiciler, g\u0131da \u00fcreticileri ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131mc\u0131lar ile i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrece\u011fiz.\u201d<\/p>\n

B\u00f6lgesel bir d\u00fczeyde, GCC, suyun nispeten fazla bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerden k\u0131tl\u0131k bulunan b\u00f6lgelere ta\u015f\u0131nabilmesi i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131r a\u015fan bir su \u015febekesi olana\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcm b\u00f6lgedeki kalk\u0131nma stratejilerinin merkezinde bulunan s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir \u2018ak\u0131ll\u0131\u2019 kentler de toplumlar\u0131n \u015fimdiye kadar hi\u00e7 olmam\u0131\u015f \u015fekilde su t\u00fcketimini anlamas\u0131na ve y\u00f6netmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcresel \u0130lerleme<\/strong><\/p>\n

GCC b\u00f6lgesinde cesaret verici belirtiler bulunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00fcresel bir sorundur ve t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada teknolojik ilerleme ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmektedir. Bu gidi\u015fe ayak uydurmakla kalmay\u0131p ona \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etmek GCC \u00fclkelerine kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Singapur\u2019un ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi NEWater \u2013 \u00fclkenin su s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi stratejisinin temel par\u00e7alar\u0131ndan birisini olu\u015fturan y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyli geri kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f su i\u015fleme s\u00fcreci \u2013 taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6sterildi\u011fi gibi ku\u015fkusuz ticari f\u0131rsatlar da bulunmaktad\u0131r[5]<\/a>. 2000 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri, ar\u0131t\u0131lan kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f su, geli\u015fmi\u015f membran teknolojilerine dayanan \u00fc\u00e7 ad\u0131ml\u0131 bir i\u015fleme s\u00fcrecinden ge\u00e7mekte ve buradan da son derece temiz geri kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f su elde edilmektedir. Bu i\u015flem h\u00e2len Singapur\u2019un su ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 30\u2019unu kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131r ve 2060 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar \u00fclke talebinin y\u00fczde 55\u2019ine hizmet etmesi beklenmektedir.<\/p>\n

Benzer \u015fekilde, Brezilya\u2019da S\u00e3o Paulo\u2019da bulunan Alto da Boa Vista i\u00e7me suyu tesisi 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019daki ilk ultra-filtrasyon i\u00e7me suyu sistemini kurdu ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Bu sistem, tesisin ar\u0131tma kapasitesini iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karmak ve kuru mevsimde yerel rezervuardan ve \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fcrme havuzlar\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilen sudaki y\u00fcksek alg i\u00e7eri\u011fini i\u015fleyebilmek i\u00e7in Koch Membrane Systems Inc. \u015firketinin y\u00fcksek ak\u0131\u015f membranlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Meksika\u2019da Baja California Sur\u2019da ise Sisyan LLC \u015firketi yenilenebilir tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma sa\u011flayan fotovoltaik ters ozmos tesislerine yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmaktad\u0131r. Ve Avustralya\u2019da Melbourne\u2019da Arup taraf\u0131ndan temin edilen 600 m3<\/sup>\/g\u00fcn kapasiteli kanalizasyon madencili\u011fi uygulamas\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 spor tesisine geri kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f su sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r \u2013 \u201caksi takdirde ak\u0131p gidecek olan suyu kullanarak\u201d.<\/p>\n

Harekete Ge\u00e7me Zaman\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

MENAT b\u00f6lgesi su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile m\u00fccadele etmeyi ama\u00e7layan bu gibi giri\u015fimler taraf\u0131ndan arkada b\u0131rak\u0131lmaya tahamm\u00fcl edemez. Heyecan verici bu alanda k\u00fcresel bir \u00f6nc\u00fc olmak ve sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 muazzam ticari f\u0131rsatlardan yararlanmak i\u00e7in becerilere ve bilgiye sahibiz. Abdul Latif Jameel Enerji, su \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde k\u00fcresel bir lider haline gelmek konusundaki kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izen \u015fekilde, Ocak ay\u0131nda Abu Dabi\u2019de yap\u0131lan D\u00fcnya Gelece\u011fin Enerjisi Zirvesi 2017\u2019de Almar Su \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerinin kurulmas\u0131 ile yeteneklerinin geni\u015fletildi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Su altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesinde \u00f6zel uzmanl\u0131k sa\u011flayan Almar Su \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri, b\u00f6lgemizin ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n artan n\u00fcfusunun su g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma, su ve at\u0131k su ar\u0131tma ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme ve yeniden kullanma giri\u015fimlerinden olu\u015fan s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir program vas\u0131tas\u0131 ele almaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, \u00fcretimde kullan\u0131lan enerjiyi ve tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma i\u015fleminin karbon ayak izini en aza indirmek amac\u0131 ile yenilenebilir enerji \u00fcretimi ile ters ozmos tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma i\u015fleminin beraberce ayn\u0131 yere yerle\u015ftirilerek geli\u015ftirilmesini ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yoruz. \u00d6ncelikle Latin Amerika\u2019daki, Orta Do\u011fu\u2019daki ve Afrika\u2019daki su projelerine odaklanm\u0131\u015f olan ekip say\u0131s\u0131z uluslararas\u0131 piyasada kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f deneyime sahiptir. Almar Su \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri, Suudi Arabistan\u2019da Kral Abdullah Ekonomik Kenti (KAEC) ve Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri\u2019nde Federal Elektrik ve Su Dairesi (FEWA) i\u00e7in olan f\u0131rsatlar da dahil olmak \u00fczere amiral gemisi f\u0131rsatlar\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00f6nce \u00f6n yeterlilik alm\u0131\u015f olarak, h\u00e2len t\u00fcm MENAT b\u00f6lgesindeki b\u00fcy\u00fck altyap\u0131 projeleri i\u00e7in dikkate al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f durumda bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

MENAT b\u00f6lgesindeki tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma kapasitesinin 2007 ile 2030 aras\u0131nda g\u00fcnde 21 milyon m3<\/sup>\u2019ten yakla\u015f\u0131k 110 milyon m3<\/sup>\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bu durum tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma i\u015flemi i\u00e7in elektrik talebini 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar \u00fc\u00e7e katlayarak 122 TWh de\u011ferine \u00e7\u0131karacakt\u0131r. Bu nedenle, yenilenebilir tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma i\u015fleminin geli\u015ftirilmesine liderlik yapabilecek olanlar i\u00e7in mevcut potansiyel a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ancak h\u0131zl\u0131 \u015fekilde daha fazla ilerleme sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r. GCC su g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne do\u011frudan kar\u015f\u0131 koyarak ve t\u00fcm toplumda yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131, yenilik\u00e7ili\u011fi ve ortakl\u0131klar\u0131 te\u015fvik ederek kendisini gelecek y\u0131llarda k\u00fcresel kalk\u0131nma bak\u0131m\u0131ndan daha da \u00e7ok \u00f6nem kazanacak olan h\u0131zla b\u00fcy\u00fcyen, yenilik\u00e7i bir sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn \u00f6n saf\u0131na yerle\u015ftirebilir.<\/p>\n

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