{"id":105240,"date":"2023-01-04T06:11:03","date_gmt":"2023-01-04T06:11:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alj.com\/?post_type=perspective&p=105240"},"modified":"2023-02-06T06:33:39","modified_gmt":"2023-02-06T06:33:39","slug":"orta-doguda-ulasim-hareketliligi","status":"publish","type":"perspective","link":"https:\/\/alj.com\/tr\/perspective\/orta-doguda-ulasim-hareketliligi\/","title":{"rendered":"Orta Do\u011fu\u2019da ula\u015f\u0131m hareketlili\u011fi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ge\u00e7mi\u015ften bu yana bir\u00e7ok Orta Do\u011fu \u00fclkesinin ekonomisinin temelinde fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bu nedenle d\u00fcnyada petrol ve gaz tedarikinin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u00fclkelerden baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n bu kaynaklara olan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 azaltmaya kendini adam\u0131\u015f \u00fclkelerin ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekmesi belki \u201cironik\u201d olarak de\u011ferlendirilebilir.<\/p>\n

K\u00f6rfez \u0130\u015fbirli\u011fi Konseyi\u2019ni (K\u0130K) olu\u015fturan \u00fclkelerin genelinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ekonomiler yaratmak i\u00e7in fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131 a\u015famal\u0131 olarak ortadan kald\u0131racak politikalar uygulan\u0131yor. Bu planlar\u0131n merkezinde genellikle elektrikli ara\u00e7lar\u0131n ve di\u011fer \u201cye\u015fil ula\u015f\u0131m\u201d ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etmek ve desteklemek yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin BAE, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin s\u0131n\u0131rlanmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda \u00f6nlemleri desteklemek i\u00e7in bir yol haritas\u0131 olan Ulusal \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Plan\u0131 2017-2050\u2019yi uygulamaya koydu. S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bir dizi giri\u015fim ba\u015flatt\u0131 ve \u00f6ncelikli hedeflerini \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in temel performans g\u00f6stergelerini (KPI) belirledi[1]<\/a>. Benzer \u015fekilde Suudi Arabistan\u2019da 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flat\u0131lan Ulusal Ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k ve Lojistik Stratejisi, \u00e7evresel hedefler i\u00e7eriyor. Bunlar aras\u0131nda s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, yak\u0131t t\u00fcketiminin %25 oran\u0131nda azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve en yeni, en yenilik\u00e7i k\u00fcresel ula\u015f\u0131m teknolojilerini benimseme yoluyla ula\u015ft\u0131rma sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki zorluklar i\u00e7in ak\u0131ll\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler sa\u011flanmas\u0131 yer al\u0131yor[2]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ancak bu \u00fclkelerin ye\u015fil ula\u015f\u0131ma y\u00f6nelik taahh\u00fctleri bundan daha da ileri gidiyor. Abu Dabi\u2019nin Masdar \u015eehri ve Suudi Arabistan\u2019\u0131n simgesel NEOM<\/a>\u2019u gibi yeni \u201cak\u0131ll\u0131 \u015fehirler\u201d i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanan planlarda sunulan tasar\u0131mlar otomobil ve i\u00e7ten yanmal\u0131 motor ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

NEOM, \u201carabalar\u0131n ve geleneksel yollar\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d bir \u015fehir vadediyor[3]<\/a>. Bu \u015fehir, s\u0131f\u0131r emisyonlu ara\u00e7lar kullanarak d\u00fcnyan\u0131n %100 yenilenebilir enerjiyle desteklenen ilk s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ve kesintisiz bir \u015fekilde ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 ula\u015f\u0131m sistemini olu\u015fturmay\u0131 hedefliyor.<\/p>\n

Londra, New York ve Paris gibi mevcut b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirlerin aksine bu ak\u0131ll\u0131 \u015fehrin sakinleri, birka\u00e7 elektrikli otomobilin (EV), hibrit ara\u00e7lar\u0131n ve bisiklet yollar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fu andaki karga\u015fas\u0131ndan ziyade s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir enerjiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kara yolu, demir yolu ve hava yolu gibi entegre ula\u015f\u0131m a\u011flar\u0131yla ula\u015f\u0131m sa\u011flayacak. Semt \u00e7evresinde konumland\u0131r\u0131lan temel tesisler k\u0131sa bir y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f veya bisiklet yolculu\u011fu mesafesi dahilinde bulunacak. \u015eehrin daha uzun mesafelerin katedilmesini gerektiren ula\u015f\u0131m ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 ise y\u00fcksek h\u0131zl\u0131 yer alt\u0131 ula\u015f\u0131m sisteminin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra talep \u00fczerine sunulacak ortak kullan\u0131ml\u0131 otonom ve elektrikli servis ara\u00e7lar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131lanacak.<\/p>\n

Ye\u015fil kazan\u0131mlar<\/h2>\n

Ye\u015fil ula\u015f\u0131m hedefleri, hem hava hem de g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc kirlili\u011fini azaltmak ve hafifletme ve adaptasyon yoluyla sekt\u00f6rde iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle m\u00fccadele etmektir. D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 raporuna g\u00f6re ula\u015ft\u0131rma sekt\u00f6r\u00fc \u015fu anda k\u00fcresel ekonomide enerji kaynakl\u0131 k\u00fcresel sera gaz\u0131 (GHG) emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n %23\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn ve insan kaynakl\u0131 t\u00fcm emisyonlar\u0131n %18\u2019inin kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor[4]<\/a>. Rapordaki bir tahmine g\u00f6re enerji t\u00fcketiminin neden oldu\u011fu karbondioksit (CO2<\/sub>) emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n 2013 ve 2040 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda %40 artmas\u0131 bekleniyor[5]<\/a>. Hem \u00e7evredeki (d\u0131\u015f mekan) hem de ev ortam\u0131ndaki (i\u00e7 mekan) hava kirlili\u011fi, sa\u011fl\u0131k i\u00e7in tek ba\u015f\u0131na en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7evresel risk: \u00c7evredeki hava kirlili\u011fi tek ba\u015f\u0131na her y\u0131l yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7 milyon insan\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Ayr\u0131ca \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fclkelerden gelen kan\u0131tlar, trafik g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00fczerinde ikinci en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7evresel etkiye sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

Ye\u015fil ula\u015f\u0131m, BM\u2019nin 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar k\u00fcresel karbon emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 yar\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme ve 2050 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar Net S\u0131f\u0131r karbon emisyonu seviyesine ula\u015fmay\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6ren Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131 hedeflerine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in de \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli.<\/p>\n

Herhangi bir emisyon azaltma hedefine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in asgari gereklilik, emisyon art\u0131\u015f\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olmayan bir ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme modelinin uygulanmas\u0131. Bu, ekonomi b\u00fcy\u00fcse bile emisyonlar\u0131n y\u0131ldan y\u0131la sabit bir h\u0131zda azalt\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor. Bu, \u201cmutlak ayr\u0131\u015fma\u201d ad\u0131 verilen bir s\u00fcre\u00e7. \u0130kinci en iyi durumda ise ekonominin b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131yor. Bu ise \u201cnispi ayr\u0131\u015fma\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bir s\u00fcre\u00e7.<\/p>\n

Ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k politikas\u0131nda ye\u015fil uygulamalara y\u00f6nelmenin getirisi sadece \u00e7evresel de\u011fil. Ki\u015fisel otomobil sahipli\u011finin yayg\u0131n olmas\u0131, yollar\u0131n ve ilgili altyap\u0131n\u0131n in\u015fa edilmesinden tutun da ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz trafik kazalar\u0131yla ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in uygun hastane hizmetlerinin sa\u011flamas\u0131na kadar bir \u00fclkeye \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck mali y\u00fck getiriyor. PwC a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan Strategy & Co\u2019nun raporunda, K\u0130K \u00fclkelerinin elektrikli ve hibrit enerjili otomobiller ve kamyonlar, ara\u00e7 payla\u015f\u0131m programlar\u0131 ve otomobiller yerine bisikletler ve scooter\u2019lar gibi mikro ula\u015f\u0131m \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri ile birlikte toplu ta\u015f\u0131maya \u00f6ncelik vermeleri halinde \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 20 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde 400 milyar ABD dolar\u0131 ekonomik de\u011fer elde edebilece\u011fi hesapland\u0131[6]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Bu 400 milyar ABD dolarl\u0131k tasarruf farkl\u0131 kaynaklardan elde edilebilir. Raporda, yollar ve di\u011fer altyap\u0131lar i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan harcamalar, toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma projelerine yap\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131mlarla ve ki\u015fisel otomobil sahibi olmay\u0131 cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 politikalarla birle\u015fti\u011finde, 145 milyar ABD dolar\u0131na yak\u0131n bir tasarruf sa\u011flanabilece\u011fi ve toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n 2040 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar %2,2\u2019den %13,6\u2019ya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilece\u011fi \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Ki\u015fisel ara\u00e7lara olan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n azalmas\u0131, ayn\u0131 zamanda daha az kaza anlam\u0131na da gelecek ve 2040 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar otomobil kazalar\u0131ndaki %13\u2019l\u00fck bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f, ili\u015fkili t\u00fcm maliyetlerde 115 milyar ABD dolar\u0131 tasarruf sa\u011flayacak. Trafik s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 ortadan kalkt\u0131k\u00e7a i\u015fe gidi\u015f-geli\u015f s\u00fcreleri k\u0131salacak ve \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 20 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde verimlili\u011fi 75 milyar ABD dolar\u0131na kadar art\u0131racak.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

MENA \u00fclkelerindeki en yeni \u015fehirlerde ye\u015fil ula\u015f\u0131ma y\u00f6nelik g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc te\u015fviklerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ula\u015f\u0131ma y\u00f6nelik bir taahh\u00fct de var. Bununla birlikte, yaln\u0131zca bu b\u00f6lgede de\u011fil, t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada bir\u00e7ok \u015fehri saran bu k\u0131s\u0131r d\u00f6ng\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6nemli engeller var. \u015eehirler arabalara g\u00f6re tasarlan\u0131yor \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc herkesin bir arabas\u0131 var, bu da insanlar\u0131n \u015fehirde dola\u015fmak i\u00e7in araba kullanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na geliyor.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n ba\u015fka yerlerindeki benzer \u015fehirlerde \u00f6zel ula\u015f\u0131m, t\u00fcm seyahatlerin %30\u2019unu kapsarken bu oran K\u0130K \u015fehirlerinde %91. Bu durumdan k\u0131smen, b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda s\u00fcbvansiyon sa\u011flanan benzin sayesinde bir otomobile sahip olma ve otomobil kullanma maliyetinin \u00e7o\u011fu \u00fclkeden \u00e7ok daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131 sorumlu.<\/p>\n

\u015eehirlerin yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 neticesinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ki\u015fisel ula\u015f\u0131ma ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle<\/em> herkesin otomobil sahibi olmas\u0131 da bu durumdan k\u0131smen sorumlu. \u0130nsanlar\u0131 benzinli ve dizel ta\u015f\u0131t kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan cayd\u0131rmak i\u00e7in herhangi bir yo\u011fun trafik \u00fccreti yok ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli bir elektrikli ta\u015f\u0131t \u015farj altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi de s\u00f6z konusu de\u011fil. Dubai gibi \u015fehirler elektrikli ta\u015f\u0131tlar i\u00e7in \u00fccretsiz otopark ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u015farj noktas\u0131 a\u011f\u0131 gibi te\u015fvikler sa\u011flasa da ula\u015f\u0131m s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda bu \u00e7abalar, insanlar\u0131n genelinin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi tetiklemek i\u00e7in yeterli de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

Yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 art\u0131rma<\/h2>\n

K\u00fcresel olarak, otomobile kar\u015f\u0131 pratik bir alternatif sunmak i\u00e7in gereken toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma sistemi t\u00fcrlerine g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e daha fazla yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131l\u0131yor ve bu yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu Orta Do\u011fu\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin Katar, k\u0131smen D\u00fcnya Kupas\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131klar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda, \u015fimdiye kadar in\u015fa edilmi\u015f en geli\u015fmi\u015f metro sistemlerinden biri olan Doha Metrosu\u2019nu in\u015fa etti. 2019\u2019dan beri hizmet veren s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fcz trenleri, 37 istasyonun bulundu\u011fu 76 km\u2019lik bir a\u011fda yakla\u015f\u0131k 97 km h\u0131zla ilerliyor. \u015eehrin trafik s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 %50 azaltmay\u0131 hedefleyen \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00f6nlemden biri olan bu proje ile 20 y\u0131lda 1 milyar ABD dolar\u0131 tasarruf edilecek ve karbon emisyonlar\u0131 %30 azalacak[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"Riyadh
Riyad Metro \u0130stasyonlar\u0131ndan biri, yap\u0131m a\u015famas\u0131nda. Foto\u011fraf Sahibi \u00a9 Riyad Kalk\u0131nma Kurumu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

22,5 milyar ABD dolar\u0131 tutar\u0131ndaki Riyad metrosu 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda Suudi Arabistan\u2019da a\u00e7\u0131lacak. 85 istasyonun bulundu\u011fu bu proje[8]<\/a>, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta g\u00fcnl\u00fck 1,16 milyon yolcu kapasitesine sahip olacak. Bu kapasitenin on y\u0131l sonra 3,6 milyon yolcuya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bu projenin, otomobil yolculuklar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcnde yakla\u015f\u0131k 250.000 tur azalt\u0131lmas\u0131na, g\u00fcnde 400.000 litre yak\u0131ta e\u015f de\u011fer bir tasarruf sa\u011flanmas\u0131na ve \u015fu an %5 olan toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma kullan\u0131m\u0131n oran\u0131n\u0131n 10 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde %20\u2019ye \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunmas\u0131 bekleniyor. Riyad Toplu Ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in Kral Abd\u00fclaziz Projesi\u2019nin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan bu metro sistemi, 842 otob\u00fcsle hizmet veren 2.860 durak ve 80 g\u00fczergahtan olu\u015fan kapsaml\u0131 bir otob\u00fcs a\u011f\u0131 ile tamamlanacak[9]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6lgenin di\u011fer yerlerindeki yerle\u015fik toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma sistemleri b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye devam ediyor. Tahmini olarak 2,9 milyar ABD dolar\u0131na mal olan ve alt\u0131 istasyonuyla Expo 2020\u2019ye ula\u015f\u0131m sa\u011flayan 15 km\u2019lik metro uzant\u0131s\u0131, Dubai\u2019de y\u00fcz binlerce ziyaret\u00e7iyi h\u0131zl\u0131 ve verimli bir \u015fekilde etkinlik alan\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131yarak bu D\u00fcnya Fuar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir fakt\u00f6r oldu. Emirlik Kara Yollar\u0131 ve Ula\u015ft\u0131rma \u0130daresi (RTA) yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 km yeni metro yolu ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da ek istasyon in\u015fa ederek metro a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmeyi planl\u0131yor[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Afrika\u2019da t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ilk \u00f6rne\u011fi olan Kahire Metrosu, 1987\u2019den bu yana faaliyet g\u00f6steriyor ve o zamandan beri b\u00fcy\u00fcyor. \u015eu an 90 km demir yoluna, 74 istasyona sahip[11]<\/a> ve g\u00fcnde yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rt milyon yolcu ta\u015f\u0131yor[12]<\/a>. Bu metro hatt\u0131, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc bir hat olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in toplam 650 milyon Euro de\u011ferinde ihaleler a\u00e7an Ulusal T\u00fcnel Kurumu (NAT) taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netiliyor[13]<\/sup><\/a>. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 20 km\u2019lik bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm 16 istasyondan olu\u015facak ve 6 Ekim \u015eehri\u2019ndeki Hadayek El Ashgar istasyonunu, yeni B\u00fcy\u00fck M\u0131s\u0131r M\u00fczesi ve Giza piramitlerine ula\u015f\u0131m sa\u011flayan Yeni Kahire\u2019deki Malek El Saleh istasyonuna ba\u011flayacak.\u00a0<\/p>\n

S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma se\u00e7enekleri geli\u015ftirirken MENA b\u00f6lgesindeki \u00fclkelerin ge\u00e7mi\u015ften beri kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 en b\u00fcy\u00fck zorluklardan biri, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma sisteminin g\u00f6rece olarak yeterince geli\u015fmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve bunun neticesinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve uzun s\u00fcredir devam eden davran\u0131\u015f ve alg\u0131lar. Ki\u015fisel arabalar\u0131 kullanmak bu kadar ucuzken neden kalabal\u0131k bir otob\u00fcs kullan\u0131ls\u0131n? 2022 \u00c7evresel Performans Endeksi\u2019ndeki 180 \u00fclke aras\u0131nda[14]<\/a> BAE 39. s\u0131rada (2020\u2019de 42. s\u0131radayd\u0131), Suudi Arabistan 109. s\u0131rada ve \u00e7evresel performans\u0131 Avrupa\u2019daki baz\u0131 emsallerinin olduk\u00e7a alt\u0131nda kalan Katar ise 137. s\u0131rada yer al\u0131yor[15]<\/a>. Ama bu tablo giderek de\u011fi\u015fiyor. Otob\u00fcs filolar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcyor ve bir\u00e7o\u011fu elektrikle hatta hidrojenle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

MENA ye\u015fil ula\u015f\u0131mda tam gaz ilerliyor<\/h2>\n
\"Masdar
Masdar, Abu Dabi s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik haftas\u0131nda tamamen elektrikli Eco-Bus\u2019\u0131 tan\u0131tt\u0131. Foto\u011fraf sahibi \u00a9 Masdar<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

BAE\u2019de, elektrikli otob\u00fcsler Abu Dabi, Dubai ve Sharjah\u2019da deneniyor.<\/p>\n

Masdar, Hafilat ve Siemens taraf\u0131ndan ortak olarak geli\u015ftirilen Eco-Bus[16]<\/a>, Abu Dabi\u2019de test edilirken RTA, Dubai\u2019de otob\u00fcslerin ve di\u011fer ara\u00e7lar\u0131n 60 metrelik bir yol \u015feridinin alt\u0131ndaki entegre bir h\u0131zl\u0131-\u015farj \u015febekesinden hareket halindeyken \u015farj olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan kablosuz \u015farj\u0131 kullanmaya haz\u0131rlan\u0131yor[17]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Hem Volvo hem de Avustralyal\u0131 BusTech Group ile s\u0131f\u0131r emisyonlu elektrikli otob\u00fcslerin i\u015fletimini test etmeleri i\u00e7in anla\u015fmalar imzalad\u0131[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Katar halihaz\u0131rda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck elektrikli otob\u00fcs filolar\u0131ndan birini i\u015fletiyor. \u015eu anda futbol taraftarlar\u0131n\u0131 2022 FIFA D\u00fcnya Kupas\u0131\u2019na ta\u015f\u0131mak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan 741 Yutong e-otob\u00fcse sahip. Bu otob\u00fcsler, \u00fclkenin toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma kurumu olan Mowasalat taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fletilecek olan toplam 1.002 e-otob\u00fcsten olu\u015fan sipari\u015fin bir par\u00e7as\u0131. Bu arada M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da, Kahire ve \u0130skenderiye\u2019de toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u00e7in 110 elektrikli otob\u00fcsten olu\u015fan bir filo sat\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Elektrikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ula\u015f\u0131m \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerine y\u00f6nelik bu ilerleme, otob\u00fcsler ve arabalarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fil; e-u\u00e7aklar da yak\u0131nda Orta Do\u011fu semalar\u0131nda s\u00fcz\u00fclebilir. Havac\u0131l\u0131k, k\u00fcresel CO2<\/sub> emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %2,5\u2019ini olu\u015fturuyor, bu nedenle sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn fosil yak\u0131tlara olan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan temiz elektri\u011fe ge\u00e7i\u015fi, bir \u00f6ncelik olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor[19]<\/a>. Abu Dabi merkezli Falcon Aviation Services, 2026 y\u0131l\u0131nda Dubai\u2019de turistik u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flatmak i\u00e7in 35 adet Eve elektrikli dikey kalk\u0131\u015f ve ini\u015f (eVTOL) u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131 sat\u0131n alacak[20]<\/a>. Suudi Arabistan\u2019\u0131n planlar\u0131 ise daha da b\u00fcy\u00fck[21]<\/a>. Ulusal havayolu Saudia, bir Alman \u015firketi olan NASDAQ listesinde yer alan Lilium ile yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 adet elektrikli dikey kalk\u0131\u015f ve ini\u015f (eVTOL) jetini alabilece\u011fine dair bir mutabakat anla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalad\u0131. Havayolunun, \u00fclke genelinde hem noktadan noktaya u\u00e7u\u015flar hem de Saudia Airlines ana merkezlerine hizmet veren bir business class hizmet a\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bildirildi.<\/p>\n

Abdul Latif Jameel, Jameel Yat\u0131r\u0131m Y\u00f6netimi \u015eirketi (JIMCO<\/a>) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla e-havac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcrecine de kat\u0131l\u0131yor[22]<\/a>. Bir eVTOL taksi geli\u015ftirmekte olan Kaliforniyal\u0131 start-up \u015firket Joby Aviation<\/a>\u2019<\/u>a yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131yor. Saatte 322 km h\u0131zla u\u00e7abilen ve tek bir \u015farjla 241 km menzile ula\u015fabilen bu be\u015f koltuklu pilotlu u\u00e7a\u011f\u0131n 2024 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi hedefleniyor.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Foto\u011fraf sahibi \u00a9 JOBY Aviation<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cHava taksi hizmetinin ticarile\u015ftirmesi hala ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 a\u015famas\u0131nda, ancak ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131n gelece\u011fini tamamen d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme potansiyeline sahip. G\u00fcnl\u00fck ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7evresel s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlikle paralel bir \u015fekilde iyile\u015ftirmek, i\u015f ortaklar\u0131m\u0131zla payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir misyon.\u201d diyor Abdul Latif Jameel Ba\u015fkan Vekili ve Y\u00f6netim Kurulu Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Hassan Jameel<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Geleneksel ula\u015f\u0131mdan daha da uzakla\u015fan Dubai, Abu Dabi ve Dubai\u2019yi birbirine ba\u011flayan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk h\u0131z yuvar\u0131n\u0131 hizmete sunmaya daha da yakla\u015f\u0131yor gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor[23]<\/a>. Dubai-Abu Dabi yolcular\u0131 i\u00e7in seyahat s\u00fcresini 60 dakikadan sadece 12 dakikaya indirmesi beklenen bu milyarlarca dolarl\u0131k projenin tamamlanma tarihi hen\u00fcz onaylanmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kargolar ve kabinlerde oturan yolcular, vakumlu kanallar\u0131n i\u00e7inde havada as\u0131l\u0131 duran kaps\u00fcllerin i\u00e7inde saatte 1.223 km\u2019ye varan bir h\u0131zla ta\u015f\u0131nacak. Tescilli bir do\u011frusal elektrik motoru sistemi, temass\u0131z elektromanyetizma ve ultra d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck aerodinamik s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme sayesinde minimum enerji gerek. G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re h\u0131z yuvar\u0131nda duyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z tek ses \u201c\u0131sl\u0131k\u201d sesi olacak. Bu konsept ilk olarak teknoloji giri\u015fimcisi Elon Musk taraf\u0131ndan ortaya at\u0131ld\u0131 ve sonras\u0131nda Virgin Hyperloop One taraf\u0131ndan uyguland\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Foto\u011fraf sahibi \u00a9 Hyperloop One<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Dubai merkezli lojistik uzman\u0131 DP World da \u201ctaze g\u0131da, t\u0131bbi malzemeler, elektronik ve daha fazlas\u0131 dahil olmak \u00fczere y\u00fcksek \u00f6ncelikli, zamana duyarl\u0131 mallar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yacak\u201d bir ortak giri\u015fim olan DP World Cargospeed\u2019i kurmak i\u00e7in yat\u0131r\u0131m yapt\u0131.[24]<\/a> Bu teknoloji hakk\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck tutkular\u0131 olan DP World\u2019un CEO\u2019su Sultan Ahmed Bin Sulayem 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclerini \u201cK\u00f6rfez b\u00f6lgesinde 1 y\u0131lda 45 milyon yolcu ta\u015f\u0131ma potansiyeline sahip bir h\u0131z yuvar\u0131 projesinin t\u00fcm \u015fehirleri bir saatten daha k\u0131sa bir mesafeye getirmesini bekliyoruz.\u201d ifadeleriyle belirtti [25]<\/a>ve bu h\u0131z yuvar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve geli\u015ftirme merkezini ve \u00fcretim tesisini ara\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in Suudi Arabistan Ekonomik \u015eehir Kurumu ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bu \u015firketin, y\u00fcksek teknolojiye dayal\u0131 124.000\u2019den fazla yerel i\u015f yaratmas\u0131 ve 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar yakla\u015f\u0131k 4 milyar ABD dolar\u0131 GSY\u0130H art\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flamas\u0131 beklendi\u011fini ekledi.<\/p>\n

Bu arada, payla\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 ula\u015f\u0131m ve mikro ula\u015f\u0131m \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri de ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini kan\u0131tl\u0131yor. Payla\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 Ula\u015f\u0131m, Careem gibi tam zamanl\u0131 veya yar\u0131 zamanl\u0131 taksi hizmetlerini, Swvl gibi talep \u00fczerine hizmet veren otob\u00fcs ve servis arac\u0131 hizmetlerini veya Dubai\u2019deki ekar ve Udrive gibi otonom ara\u00e7 kiralama se\u00e7eneklerini ifade edebilir[26]<\/a>. \u0130lk \u201ctek boynuzlu at\u201d (unicorn, yani 1 milyar ABD dolar\u0131 veya daha fazla de\u011fere ula\u015fan bir yeni teknoloji \u015firketi) olarak bilinen Careem, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde sekt\u00f6rde lider. 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda 3 milyar ABD dolar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Uber\u2019e sat\u0131lan Careem, Dubai merkezli bir \u015firket ve Suudi Arabistan, Katar ve M\u0131s\u0131r dahil olmak \u00fczere 14 \u00fclkede faaliyet g\u00f6steriyor. 90\u2019dan fazla \u015fehirde 33 milyon kay\u0131tl\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131ya sahip. \u201cKaptan\u201d olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcleri, faaliyet g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi t\u00fcm pazarlarda toplam 109 milyon s\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fc tamamlad\u0131[27]<\/a> ve 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda Abdul Latif Jameel Motors ve Bab Rizq Jameel ile i\u015f yaratmak i\u00e7in bir ortakl\u0131k <\/a>kurdu.<\/p>\n

Careem\u2019in e-scooter ve kilitli bisikletleri Dubai\u2019de hizmete sunma karar\u0131, sadece bir ki\u015fiyi ta\u015f\u0131yan iki tekerlekli herhangi bir ta\u015f\u0131t\u0131n kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi mikro ula\u015f\u0131m pazar\u0131nda bir potansiyelin oldu\u011funu teyit ediyor. Dubai\u2019deki Tier, Skrrt, Arnab ve Lime gibi operat\u00f6rler de uygulama tabanl\u0131 e-scooter hizmeti sunuyor.<\/p>\n

Ye\u015fil ula\u015f\u0131m, petrol zenginli\u011finin ve nispeten k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck n\u00fcfusunun avantaj\u0131ndan yararlanan MENA b\u00f6lgesindeki \u00fclkelerde kesinlikle g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr bir \u015fekilde geli\u015fiyor. \u015e\u00fcpheciler, bu iyile\u015fmenin etkisinin s\u0131\u011f oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyebilir, ancak bu ayn\u0131 zamanda b\u00f6lge \u00fclkelerinin sera gaz\u0131 ve karbon emisyonlar\u0131 konusuna s\u00f6zde ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermedi\u011fini de kan\u0131tl\u0131yor. Bu \u00fclkelerin eylemleri ciddi, finansal a\u00e7\u0131dan anlaml\u0131 ve baz\u0131 durumlarda etkileyici derecede yenilik\u00e7i.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/reglobal.co\/green-mobility-achieving-carbon-neutrality-through-transport-in-the-middle-east-by-2030\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.arabnews.com\/node\/1885636\/saudi-arabia<\/a><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.neom.com\/en-us\/ourbusiness\/sectors\/mobility<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/30493<\/a><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/30493<\/a><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.strategyand.pwc.com\/m1\/en\/insights\/2021\/sustainable-mobility\/sustainable-mobility.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> \u2018<\/a>Doha metro rings fans together\u2019, The Observer, 4 Aral\u0131k 2022.<\/u><\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rcrc.gov.sa\/en\/projects\/king-abdulaziz-project-for-riyadh-public-transport<\/u><\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rcrc.gov.sa\/en\/projects\/king-abdulaziz-project-for-riyadh-public-transport<\/u><\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.railjournal.com\/infrastructure\/dubai-tenders-metro-extension-contracts\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> http:\/\/mic-ro.com\/metro\/metrocity.html?city=Cairo<\/a><\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.railway-technology.com\/projects\/cairo-metro\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.colas.com\/en\/media\/press-releases\/phase-1-cairo-metro-line-4-colas-led-consortium-wins-system-package<\/a><\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/epi.yale.edu\/epi-results\/2022\/component\/epi<\/a><\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/reglobal.co\/green-mobility-achieving-carbon-neutrality-through-transport-in-the-middle-east-by-2030\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/reglobal.co\/green-mobility-achieving-carbon-neutrality-through-transport-in-the-middle-east-by-2030\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/mediaoffice.ae\/news\/2020\/Feb\/12-02\/RTA-starts-trial-run-of-dynamic-charging-of-electric-vehicles<\/u><\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.rta.ae\/wps\/portal\/rta\/ae\/home\/news-and-media\/all-news\/NewsDetails\/rta-signs-agreement-with-australian-bustech-group-to-trial-eco-friendly-electric-bus?lang=en<\/u><\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/aviation<\/u><\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.falconaviation.ae\/2022\/06\/07\/eve-and-falcon-aviation-services-announce-partnership-to-introduce-evtol-flights-in-dubai\/<\/u><\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/lilium.com\/newsroom-detail\/lilium-partners-saudia<\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/alj.com\/en\/news\/abdul-latif-jameel-invests-in-joby-aviation\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/gulfnews.com\/business\/markets\/with-dubai-owned-dp-worlds-push-hyperloop-to-soon-enable-dubai-abu-dhabi-cargo-transport-in-minutes-1.1635651215642<\/u><\/p>\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dpworld.com\/smart-trade\/cargospeed<\/u><\/p>\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dpworld.com\/news\/blogs\/virgin-hyperloop-is-our-moonshot-moment-for-global-transportation-and-trade<\/u><\/p>\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.strategyand.pwc.com\/m1\/en\/insights\/2021\/sustainable-mobility\/sustainable-mobility.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zawya.com\/en\/press-release\/careem-releases-its-customer-and-business-trends-of-2021-ri8ppwc6<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":104397,"template":"","tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nOrta Do\u011fu Mobilitesi Hareketlili\u011fi | Abdul Latif Jameel\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ekonomiler ve ye\u015fil ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 te\u015fvik etmek i\u00e7in fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik K\u0130K politikalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda bilgi edinin.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/alj.com\/tr\/perspective\/orta-doguda-ulasim-hareketliligi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Orta Do\u011fu 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