{"id":116124,"date":"2024-04-17T06:30:27","date_gmt":"2024-04-17T06:30:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alj.com\/perspective\/how-china-rose-to-lead-the-world-in-electric-vehicles\/"},"modified":"2024-07-16T07:07:56","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T07:07:56","slug":"how-china-rose-to-lead-the-world-in-electric-vehicles","status":"publish","type":"perspective","link":"https:\/\/alj.com\/tr\/perspective\/how-china-rose-to-lead-the-world-in-electric-vehicles\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7in elektrikli ara\u00e7larda nas\u0131l d\u00fcnya lideri oldu?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Elektrikli ara\u00e7larda \u00c7in, k\u00fcresel pazarda bask\u0131n bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olsa da hem yurt i\u00e7inde hem de yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda rekabet giderek art\u0131yor. <\/em><\/h4>\n

\u00c7in, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck elektrikli ara\u00e7 (EV) \u00fcreticisidir ve b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye h\u0131zla devam etmektedir. 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda, EV Volumes veri taban\u0131ndan al\u0131nan verilere g\u00f6re k\u00fcresel EV sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n %59\u2019u \u00c7in\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti ve yeni EV sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u00f6nceki y\u0131la g\u00f6re %82 artarak 6 milyonun \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131[1]<\/sup><\/a>. 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda k\u00fcresel EV \u00fcretimindeki yakla\u015f\u0131k %64\u2019l\u00fck pay\u0131yla \u00c7in, pazar\u0131n \u00fcretim k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te ikisine h\u00fckmediyor.<\/p>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcmet deste\u011fi<\/h2>\n

\u00c7in\u2019in EV pazar\u0131ndaki mevcut hakimiyeti derin k\u00f6klere sahiptir. MIT Technology Review taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan bir analize g\u00f6re[2]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00c7in 2000\u2019lerin ba\u015flar\u0131nda geli\u015fmi\u015f bir otomobil end\u00fcstrisine sahip olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen ABD, Almanya ve Japonya\u2019daki \u00fcreticilerin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu geleneksel i\u00e7ten yanmal\u0131 motorlu ta\u015f\u0131t \u00fcretiminde \u00f6n saflar\u0131 zorlama konusunda neredeyse imkans\u0131z bir g\u00f6revle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fark etti.<\/p>\n

Bu nedenle \u00c7in, tamamen elektrikli ara\u00e7lara odaklanmak gibi y\u00fcksek riskli alternatif bir yakla\u015f\u0131m benimsedi. Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da ald\u0131. 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7in h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, \u00fclkenin \u00fcst d\u00fczey ekonomik stratejisini belirleyen be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k plan\u0131nda elektrikli ara\u00e7 teknolojisini \u00f6ncelikli bir bilim ara\u015ft\u0131rma projesi haline getirdi. Daha \u00f6nce Almanya\u2019da Audi\u2019de m\u00fchendis olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve elektrikli ara\u00e7 destek\u00e7isi olan Wan Gang, 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda bilim ve teknoloji bakan\u0131 olarak atand\u0131. \u00c7in\u2019in EV\u2019leri kararl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131nda Wan Gang\u2019\u0131n etkisi, bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in h\u00fck\u00fcmeti EV sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne stratejik bir \u00f6nem veriyor ve hem arz\u0131 hem de talebi art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in iyi finanse edilen \u00e7ok say\u0131da politikayla sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn geli\u015fimini destekledi. 2009 ve 2022 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, EV s\u00fcbvansiyonlar\u0131 ve vergi indirimleri i\u00e7in 200 milyar yuan\u2019dan (28 milyar ABD dolar\u0131) fazla harcama yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[3]<\/a>. \u00d6rne\u011fin EV al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 2022 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar 60.000 yuan\u2019a kadar (8.000 ABD dolar\u0131ndan fazla) bir geri \u00f6demeden faydalanabildi. Bir\u00e7ok yerel y\u00f6netim EV sat\u0131n al\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 c\u00f6mert bir \u015fekilde te\u015fvik etmeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor[4]<\/a>. 2023 y\u0131l\u0131ndaysa ulusal h\u00fck\u00fcmet, elektrikli ara\u00e7 al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in 520 milyar yuan (72 milyar ABD dolar\u0131ndan fazla) de\u011ferinde vergi indirimi sa\u011flayan d\u00f6rt y\u0131ll\u0131k bir paket a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. EV\u2019ler ve di\u011fer \u00e7evreci arabalar 2024 ve 2025 y\u0131llar\u0131nda sat\u0131n alma vergisinden muaf olmaya devam edecek ve bu muafiyet 2026 ve 2027 y\u0131llar\u0131ndaysa yar\u0131ya indirilecek[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ayr\u0131ca bir\u00e7ok yerli elektrikli ara\u00e7 \u00fcreticisine do\u011frudan te\u015fvik verdi ve vermeye de devam ediyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin ge\u00e7en y\u0131l Nikkei Asia taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan bir analizde, 2023\u2019\u00fcn ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda \u00c7in h\u00fck\u00fcmetinden en \u00e7ok hibe alan 10 \u015firketten be\u015finin yerli EV veya EV bataryas\u0131 \u00fcreticileri oldu\u011fu tespit edilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7in\u2019in en b\u00fcy\u00fck EV \u00fcreticisi BYD Auto, 1,78 milyar yuan al\u0131rken devlet te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fc olan SAIC Motor 2 milyar yuan\u2019dan fazla hibe ald\u0131[6]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ulusal h\u00fck\u00fcmet de sekt\u00f6rdeki yenilik\u00e7ili\u011fe verdi\u011fi destekte ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde aktiftir. Yeni kurulan bir\u00e7ok elektrikli ara\u00e7 \u00fcreticisine, faaliyete ge\u00e7melerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in sat\u0131n alma s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri imzalad\u0131[7]<\/sup><\/a>. \u0130lk etapta bu strateji toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma \u00fczerine odakland\u0131. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yukar\u0131 2010 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana h\u00fck\u00fcmet; halk otob\u00fcsleri, servisler ve di\u011fer toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma ara\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler yaparak sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnyadan test verileri ve kayda de\u011fer gelirler elde etmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu. \u00c7in\u2019deki yerel y\u00f6netimler de EV \u00fcreticilerine te\u015fvikler sundu. \u00d6rne\u011fin, halk otob\u00fcs\u00fc filosunu tamamen elektrikli hale getiren ilk \u015fehir olan Shenzhen, BYD ile yak\u0131n bir ili\u015fki s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, \u201cBYD\u2019nin geni\u015flemesinin temelinde\u201d merkezi ve yerel y\u00f6netimlerin deste\u011finin oldu\u011funu ortaya koymu\u015ftur[8]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u00c7in\u2019in en b\u00fcy\u00fck iki g\u00fc\u00e7 kayna\u011f\u0131 olan State Grid ve China Southern Power Grid, \u015farj altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fletilmesi i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131mlar yap\u0131yor. G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc Sahibi \u00a9 State Grid<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00c7in h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, sekt\u00f6re verdi\u011fi finansal deste\u011fin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra EV\u2019ler i\u00e7in gerekli altyap\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesine de \u00f6ncelik vererek destek olmu\u015ftur. \u00dclkede 1,8 milyon halka a\u00e7\u0131k EV \u015farj noktas\u0131 vard\u0131r. ABD\u2019deki n\u00fcfusun d\u00f6rt kat\u0131 n\u00fcfusa sahip olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u015farj istasyonu say\u0131s\u0131 ABD\u2019nin[9]<\/sup><\/a> 14 kat\u0131ndan fazlad\u0131r. Bu seviyedeki bir \u015farj istasyonu kapsam\u0131, t\u00fcketiciler aras\u0131nda EV al\u0131m\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir engel olabilecek menzil kayg\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 da azaltmaktad\u0131r. Bu ba\u015far\u0131da devletin \u00e7abalar\u0131 az\u0131msanamayacak seviyededir.<\/p>\n

State Grid, \u00fclkenin \u00f6nemli bir \u015farj noktas\u0131 sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r ve s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fclerin ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u015farj etmelerini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in devlet yetkilileriyle yak\u0131n i\u015f birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin Jinan\u2019\u0131n Laiwu b\u00f6lgesinde, State Grid\u2019in bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan Laiwu Power Supply Co, 75 \u015farj istasyonu ve 280 \u015farj \u00fcnitesine yat\u0131r\u0131m yaparak elektrikli ara\u00e7 sahiplerine \u015farj konusunda kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla \u201c10 dakikal\u0131k \u015farj d\u00f6ng\u00fcleri\u201d olu\u015fturdu[10]<\/sup><\/a>. \u015eirket, g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u00e7abalar\u0131n neticesinde elektrikli ara\u00e7 sahiplerinin \u201cola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc h\u0131z ve rahatl\u0131kla\u201d ev tipi \u015farj \u00fcniteleri kurmak i\u00e7in ba\u015fvuruda bulunmalar\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131k m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funu belirtiyor. Bu gibi giri\u015fimler, 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar \u00fclke genelinde her elektrikli ara\u00e7 i\u00e7in bir \u015farj \u00fcnitesine ula\u015fma hedefiyle EV altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeye y\u00f6nelik ulusal \u00e7aban\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n

Bir yat\u0131r\u0131m dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7en y\u0131l China Daily<\/em>\u2019ye verdi\u011fi bir deme\u00e7te, \u201cSon y\u0131llarda bir\u00e7ok \u00fcst d\u00fczey toplant\u0131da \u2018yeni altyap\u0131y\u0131\u2019 art\u0131rma \u00e7abalar\u0131 vurguland\u0131 ve \u00c7in\u2019in ye\u015fil d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm hamlesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde bu t\u00fcr \u00e7abalara acil ihtiyac\u0131 var.\u201d<\/em> ifadeleri yer ald\u0131[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Ara\u00e7 ruhsat\u0131 politikalar\u0131 da elektrikli ara\u00e7lar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini te\u015fvik ediyor. Kirlilik ve trafik s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla m\u00fccadele etmek amac\u0131yla \u00c7in\u2019in bir\u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehri i\u00e7ten yanmal\u0131 ara\u00e7lara plaka verilmesine k\u0131s\u0131tlama getirmi\u015ftir. Pekin\u2019de kura y\u00f6ntemi, \u015eanghay\u2019daysa a\u00e7\u0131k art\u0131rma sistemi uygulanmaktad\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n elektrikli ara\u00e7lar i\u00e7in ruhsat almak \u00e7ok daha kolay. \u015eanghay 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda da \u00fccretsiz EV plakalar\u0131 sunmaya devam ederken[12]<\/sup><\/a> Pekin\u2019deyse ge\u00e7en y\u0131l verilen 100.000 ek plakan\u0131n %70\u2019i elektrikli ara\u00e7lar i\u00e7in olmu\u015ftur[13]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n

Batarya teknolojisi<\/h2>\n

\u00c7in ara\u00e7 \u00fcretiminin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra EV bataryalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretiminde de d\u00fcnya lideri bir konuma gelmi\u015ftir. Yeni bir elektrikli arac\u0131n maliyetinin yakla\u015f\u0131k %40\u2019\u0131n\u0131 batarya olu\u015fturdu\u011fundan[14]<\/sup><\/a> \u00fclkenin bu alanda uygun fiyatl\u0131 teknoloji geli\u015ftirmeye odaklanmas\u0131 meyvelerini vermeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bat\u0131l\u0131 EV \u00fcreticilerinin \u00e7o\u011fu ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta daha uzun menzil ve daha y\u00fcksek performans sunan lityum nikel manganez kobalt (NMC) bataryalar\u0131 tercih ediyordu. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u00c7inli \u015firketler daha ucuz ve daha g\u00fcvenilir olan lityum demir fosfat (LFP) teknolojisine \u00f6ncelik verdi.<\/p>\n

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Photo credit: CATL<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

CATL adl\u0131 \u00c7inli firma, LFP bataryalar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmeye odaklanarak k\u00fcresel pazar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birinden fazlas\u0131na sahip olan \u00f6nc\u00fc bir k\u00fcresel EV batarya \u00fcreticisi konumuna y\u00fckseldi[15]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Automobility dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k \u015firketinin kurucusu Bill Russo, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l Financial Times<\/em>\u2019a verdi\u011fi r\u00f6portajda, \u201cD\u00fcnyan\u0131n geri kalan\u0131n\u0131n bataryalar konusunda \u2018g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 nokta\u2019, sat\u0131n al\u0131nabilirlikten ziyade performansa ba\u011fl\u0131 batarya kimyas\u0131na \u00f6ncelik vermeleri oldu,\u201d<\/em> diyerek s\u00f6zlerine devam etti. \u201c\u00c7in, daha ucuz maliyetli bataryalar \u00fcreterek kazan\u0131yor.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00c7in\u2019in batarya \u00fcretimindeki g\u00fcc\u00fc, lityum gibi mineraller i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli madencilik \u015firketlerinde hisse sat\u0131n almaya y\u00f6nelik uzun vadeli bir strateji sayesinde kullan\u0131lan ham maddelere sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iyi eri\u015fimle destekleniyor[16]<\/a>. MIT Technology Review\u2019a g\u00f6re, \u201ckritik bile\u015fenler s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda d\u00fcnyadaki rafineri kapasitesinin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu \u00c7in kontrol ediyor.\u201d[17]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bu gibi fakt\u00f6rler, \u00c7in\u2019in elektrikli ara\u00e7 bataryalar\u0131nda artan k\u00fcresel hakimiyetine katk\u0131da bulunuyor. SNE Research\u2019e g\u00f6re, 2023\u2019\u00fcn ilk \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7eyre\u011finde, k\u00fcresel batarya kullan\u0131m\u0131nda ilk on \u015firketin alt\u0131s\u0131 \u00c7inliydi ve bu, k\u00fcresel lityum pil pazar\u0131n\u0131n %62,9\u2019una tekab\u00fcl ediyordu[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u00d6nemli oyuncular<\/h2>\n

\u00dclkenin EV bataryalar i\u00e7in \u00fcretim ve tedarik zincirindeki g\u00fcc\u00fc, EV end\u00fcstrisinin daha da geni\u015fleyerek b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini desteklemektedir. Nitekim \u00c7in\u2019in en b\u00fcy\u00fck elektrikli ara\u00e7 \u00fcreticisi BYD Auto, esasen cep telefonu \u015firketlerine batarya tedarik eden bir \u00fcreticiydi. 2000\u2019li y\u0131llarda \u015firket EV pazar\u0131na girdi. Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l ABD \u015firketi Tesla\u2019y\u0131 geride b\u0131rakarak \u015fu anda d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda en fazla say\u0131da tamamen elektrikli ara\u00e7 satan \u015firket oldu[19]<\/sup><\/a>. BYD ayr\u0131ca \u00c7in\u2019in elektrikli ara\u00e7 pazar\u0131na da hakimdir. 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda %35 pazar pay\u0131 ile 2,7 milyon \u00e7evre dostu ara\u00e7 (EV\u2019ler ve hibritler dahil) satarak %10\u2019un \u00fczerinde pazar pay\u0131na sahip tek \u015firket olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7mi\u015fi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda BYD\u2019nin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmi\u015f batarya teknolojisindeki yeniliklerinden kaynaklanmas\u0131 pek de \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 olmayabilir. \u015eirket 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6zelliklerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra iyi bir enerji yo\u011funlu\u011fu (a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131na oranla sa\u011flayabildi\u011fi enerji) sa\u011flayan Blade bataryas\u0131n\u0131 piyasaya s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Han sedan modeli gibi BYD otomobillerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Tesla, Toyota ve Mercedes-Benz gibi \u015firketlerin elektrikli ara\u00e7lar\u0131nda da Blade kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. 2008 y\u0131l\u0131nda BYD, Warren Buffett\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti\u011fi Berkshire Hathaway taraf\u0131ndan 230 milyon ABD dolar\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[20]<\/sup><\/a>. \u015eirket ayr\u0131ca Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k\u2019taki The Guardian gazetesinin ifadesiyle madencilik ve i\u015fleme \u015firketleri ile kurdu\u011fu \u00e7ok say\u0131da yak\u0131n ba\u011f sayesinde \u201ctedarik zinciri \u00fczerinde neredeyse tam kontrol\u201d[21]<\/sup><\/a> olarak tan\u0131mlanabilecek bir avantaja sahiptir. Otomotiv sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde (Toyota, Daimler) veya yaz\u0131l\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde (\u00c7in teknoloji devi Baidu) di\u011fer firmalarla yap\u0131lan stratejik ortakl\u0131klar da b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin desteklenmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in\u2019in elektrikli ara\u00e7 pazar\u0131ndaki ikinci en b\u00fcy\u00fck paya sahip olan \u015firket, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l pazar\u0131n %7,8\u2019ini elinde bulunduran ABD merkezli Tesla oldu. Bat\u0131l\u0131 otomobil firmalar\u0131 tarih boyunca \u00c7in\u2019de ortak giri\u015fimler \u00fczerinden faaliyet g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. \u00d6te yandan 2019\u2019dan bu yana Tesla\u2019n\u0131n \u015eanghay\u2019da ulusal ve yerel h\u00fck\u00fcmet deste\u011fi alan ve \u015fu anda y\u0131lda 150.000 otomobil \u00fcreten, m\u00fclkiyeti tamamen kendisine ait bir fabrikas\u0131 bulunuyor[22]<\/a>. \u015eirket ayr\u0131ca \u00c7in h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin te\u015fviklerinden de yararlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Tesla \u00f6ncelikli olarak l\u00fcks t\u00fcketim pazar\u0131n\u0131 hedeflerken BYD\u2019nin ana odak noktas\u0131, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en ucuz elektrikli otomobili olarak lanse edilen Seagull gibi daha uygun fiyatl\u0131 otomobillerdir. Bununla birlikte Tesla, \u00c7inli \u015firketlerle giderek artan bir rekabet i\u00e7indedir. Tesla 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019deki baz\u0131 modellerinin fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc[23]<\/a> ve \u015fu anda toplam elektrikli ara\u00e7 sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriyor. Bir di\u011fer \u00f6nde gelen \u00c7inli elektrikli ara\u00e7 \u00fcreticisi Geely de premium markas\u0131 Zeekr \u00fczerinden Tesla ile giderek daha fazla rekabet ediyor[24]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Volkswagen ve BMW gibi k\u00f6kl\u00fc yabanc\u0131 markalar ge\u00e7mi\u015fte \u00c7in\u2019de \u00f6nemli bir varl\u0131k g\u00f6stermi\u015f olsalar da elektrikli ara\u00e7lar\u0131n artan pop\u00fclerli\u011fi bu markalar\u0131n pazar pay\u0131n\u0131 eritmekte ve bu markalar da k\u0131yas\u0131ya rekabetin ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu pazara girme konusunda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir zorlukla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya[25]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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George Wang (\u738b\u6052)
Abdul Latif Jameel \u00c7in, \u00dclke Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Abdul Latif Jameel \u00c7in \u00dclke Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc George Wang<\/a> (<\/u>\u738b\u6052<\/u>)<\/u> \u201c\u00c7in markalar\u0131, \u00f6zellikle yeni ve EV \u00f6ncelikli markalar, elektrikli ara\u00e7 tekliflerinde \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcyken eski uluslararas\u0131 markalar en az\u0131ndan \u015fimdilik daha zay\u0131ft\u0131r; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00c7in markalar\u0131n\u0131n pazar pay\u0131 artarak uluslararas\u0131 markalar\u0131 geride b\u0131rak\u0131yor,\u201d<\/em> ifadelerinde bulundu.<\/p>\n

Bununla birlikte bir\u00e7ok uluslararas\u0131 marka \u00fclkede uzun vadeli bir varl\u0131k olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmaya devam ediyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin ABD\u2019li otomotiv devi General Motors, 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fclkenin elektrikli ara\u00e7 pazar\u0131nda be\u015finci en b\u00fcy\u00fck paya sahip olan SAIC-GM-Wuling ortak giri\u015fiminde iki \u00c7inli firma ile ortakl\u0131k yapmaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer taraftan hem Abdul Latif Jameel\u2019in uzun s\u00fcredir orta\u011f\u0131 hem de s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir mobilite alan\u0131nda \u00f6nc\u00fc olan Toyota, \u00c7in\u2019de hat\u0131r\u0131 say\u0131l\u0131r bir varl\u0131\u011fa sahip olmaya devam ediyor. \u015eirket ayr\u0131ca 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019de elektrikli ara\u00e7 teknolojisini geli\u015ftirme planlar\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu[26]<\/a>. Abdul Latif Jameel Motors, 25 y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcredir \u00c7in\u2019de Toyota ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r ve \u015fu anda d\u00f6rt farkl\u0131 eyalette sekiz konumda faaliyet g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

George Wang, \u201c\u00c7in\u2019deki uzun y\u0131llara dayanan deneyimimiz, Abdul Latif Jameel \u00c7in\u2019in yerel pazardaki sayg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 270.000\u2019den fazla m\u00fc\u015fterinin g\u00fcveni ve profesyonel, \u00f6zverili ve vefal\u0131 ekibiyle bu heyecan verici pazarda daha fazla b\u00fcy\u00fcme kaydetmek ve yeni ticari f\u0131rsatlar yakalamak i\u00e7in iyi bir konumday\u0131z,\u201d<\/em> dedi.<\/p>\n

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Uluslararas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcme<\/strong><\/p>\n

Yo\u011fun yurt i\u00e7i rekabetin ortas\u0131ndaki \u00c7inli EV markalar\u0131, giderek daha fazla uluslararas\u0131 pazarlara y\u00f6neliyor. BYD\u2019nin yak\u0131n zamanda Tesla\u2019y\u0131 ge\u00e7erek k\u00fcresel EV sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda en \u00fcst s\u0131raya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 daha geni\u015f bir trendin g\u00f6stergesi. \u00c7inli markalar art\u0131k k\u00fcresel olarak sat\u0131lan t\u00fcm EV\u2019lerin yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor[27]<\/a>. Uluslararas\u0131 Enerji Ajans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (IEA) bir raporuna g\u00f6re, \u00c7in\u2019in 2018\u2019de sadece %4,2 olan k\u00fcresel EV ihracat\u0131ndaki pay\u0131[28]<\/a>, 2022\u2019de %35\u2019e \u00e7\u0131karak sekt\u00f6re b\u00fcy\u00fck bir katk\u0131da bulundu.<\/p>\n

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\u00c7in yap\u0131m\u0131 EV\u2019lerin tipik olarak kendi pazarlar\u0131ndaki fiyat\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k iki kat\u0131na sat\u0131labildi\u011fi[29]<\/a> ve \u00c7in\u2019in EV ihracatlar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7te birini olu\u015fturan Avrupa, bir\u00e7ok firma i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir hedeftir. AB\u2019nin 2035 y\u0131l\u0131 itibar\u0131yla i\u00e7ten yanmal\u0131 motorlu ara\u00e7 sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 yasaklama karar\u0131, t\u00fcketici al\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir te\u015fvik yarat\u0131rken ABD ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ticari tarifelere ve daha az politik gerilime sahiptir. G\u00fcmr\u00fck verilerine g\u00f6re, AB\u2019ye g\u00f6nderilen \u00c7in \u201cyeni enerjili ara\u00e7\u201d say\u0131s\u0131 2023\u2019\u00fcn ilk yedi ay\u0131nda iki kat\u0131ndan fazla artt\u0131 ve 2021\u2019den bu yana d\u00f6rt kattan fazla artt\u0131[30]<\/a>; di\u011fer yandan AB\u2019nin \u00c7in\u2019den otomobil ithalat\u0131 son be\u015f y\u0131lda d\u00f6rt kat artt\u0131[31]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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Photo credit: BYD<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin BYD, 19 Avrupa \u00fclkesinde 230 sat\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131na sahiptir ve Almanya merkezli ara\u00e7 kiralama \u015firketi Sixt\u2019e 2028 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar 100.000 adet EV tedarik etmek \u00fczere bir anla\u015fma imzalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[32]<\/a>. \u015eirket, 2024 y\u0131l\u0131nda Avrupa\u2019da \u015fu anda satt\u0131\u011f\u0131 be\u015f otomobil modeline ek olarak \u00fc\u00e7 yeni otomobil modelinin lansman\u0131n\u0131 yapmay\u0131 planl\u0131yor[33]<\/a>. Avrupa hedeflerinin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izen BYD, k\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00f6nce k\u0131tadaki ilk otomobil fabrikas\u0131n\u0131 kurma planlar\u0131n\u0131 da duyurdu. \u015eirket, Macaristan\u2019\u0131n Segedin \u015fehrinde kurmay\u0131 planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 tesisin Avrupa operasyonlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir \u00fcs g\u00f6revi g\u00f6rece\u011fini ve binlerce yerel i\u015f imkan\u0131 yarataca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Avrupa genel m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Michael Shu, \u015firketin Avrupa\u2019da \u201c10 kat daha b\u00fcy\u00fcme\u201d potansiyeline sahip oldu\u011funa inan\u0131yor[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fcyen di\u011fer pazarlar aras\u0131nda, \u00c7inli firmalar\u0131n EV sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7 paya sahip oldu\u011fu ve \u00fcretim tesislerine yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,5 milyar ABD dolar\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmay\u0131 taahh\u00fct etti\u011fi G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya bulunmaktad\u0131r[35]<\/a>. BYD ge\u00e7en y\u0131l Tayland\u2019da bu y\u0131ldan itibaren y\u0131lda 150.000 ara\u00e7 \u00fcretmesi beklenen bir binek otomobil fabrikas\u0131 in\u015fa etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131[36]<\/a>. \u015eirket, yerel bayilerle da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m ortakl\u0131klar\u0131 geli\u015ftirerek 2023\u2019\u00fcn ikinci \u00e7eyre\u011fine kadar G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019n\u0131n h\u0131zla b\u00fcy\u00fcyen EV pazar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rtte birinden fazlas\u0131na (%26) hakim olmu\u015ftur[37]<\/a>. B\u00f6lgede faaliyet g\u00f6steren di\u011fer \u00c7inli EV firmalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tayland\u2019da otomobil satmaya ba\u015flayan ve bu y\u0131l \u00fclkede bir tesis in\u015fa etmeye ba\u015flayan GAC Aion da bulunuyor. Bu, \u015firketin ilk deniza\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u00fcretim tesisidir ve Tayland\u2019\u0131n k\u00fcreselle\u015fme stratejisindeki merkezi rol\u00fcn\u00fc vurgulamaktad\u0131r[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

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Bat\u0131l\u0131 otomotiv markalar\u0131 i\u00e7in zorluklar<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7inli EV firmalar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fcresel giri\u015fimleri \u015fimdiden ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015f\u0131yor. BYD\u2019nin sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n neredeyse %90\u2019\u0131 2023\u2019\u00fcn Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f olsa da \u015firketin ihracat\u0131 h\u0131zla art\u0131yor. 2023\u2019\u00fcn ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131 sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131 bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131lki seviyesinin \u00fc\u00e7 kat\u0131ndan fazla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir[39]<\/a>. Sekt\u00f6rdeki \u00c7inli gruplar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131na g\u00f6re, artan elektrikli ara\u00e7 sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131 \u00c7in\u2019in ge\u00e7en y\u0131l Japonya\u2019y\u0131 ge\u00e7erek d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck otomobil ihracat\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131[40]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in\u2019in EV\u2019lerdeki b\u00fcy\u00fcyen uluslararas\u0131 hakimiyeti, Bat\u0131l\u0131 otomotiv ve devlet liderlerinin de dikkatini \u00e7ekiyor. Eyl\u00fcl 2023\u2019te, Renault icra kurulu ba\u015fkan\u0131 Luca de Meo, \u00c7inli EV \u00fcreticilerinin sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn \u201cgelecek nesli\u201d oldu\u011funa ve onlara \u201c\u00e7ok ama \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yeti\u015fmeleri gerekti\u011fine\u201d inand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi[41]<\/a>. Benzer \u015fekilde Avrupa Komisyonu (EC) Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ursula von der Leyen de genellikle daha ucuz olan \u00c7inli EV markalar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00f6lgeye giri\u015fi konusunda endi\u015felerini dile getirdi.<\/p>\n

Avrupa Komisyonu, \u00c7in\u2019in Avrupa\u2019da sat\u0131lan EV\u2019lerdeki pay\u0131n\u0131n %8\u2019e y\u00fckseldi\u011fini hatta 2025\u2019te %15\u2019e ula\u015fabilece\u011fini ve ara\u00e7 fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n tipik olarak AB yap\u0131m\u0131 modellerin %20 alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funu belirtti[42]<\/a>. Komisyon, \u201cyasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 s\u00fcbvansiyon\u201d[43]<\/a> nedeniyle \u00c7in\u2019den EV ithalat\u0131na yeni g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergileri dayat\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekip gerekmedi\u011fine dair 2024 sonu itibar\u0131yla sonu\u00e7lanacak resmi bir soru\u015fturma y\u00fcr\u00fctmektedir. Bu hamlenin ard\u0131ndan Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda, t\u00fcketici nakit te\u015fvik kurallar\u0131n\u0131 Frans\u0131z ve Avrupa \u00fcretimi modellerin lehine yenileyerek kendi tedbirlerini uygulayan Frans\u0131z h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin[44]<\/a> \u00c7in EV sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 frenlemesi beklenen bask\u0131s\u0131 geldi[45]<\/a>. \u0130talya\u2019n\u0131n da benzer bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 de\u011ferlendirdi\u011fi bildiriliyor[46]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

AB\u2019ye otomobil ithalat\u0131ndaki mevcut g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergisi %10 ile nispeten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. \u00c7inli EV\u2019ler ABD\u2019de \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksek engellerle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131r. Donald Trump y\u00f6netimi taraf\u0131ndan \u00c7in\u2019den yap\u0131lan otomobil ithalatlar\u0131na uygulanan %27,5\u2019lik verginin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u015fu anki ba\u015fkan Joe Biden, Kuzey Amerikal\u0131 \u00fcreticilerin lehine olan daha fazla korumac\u0131 vergi iadesi uygulamaya ba\u015flad\u0131[47]<\/a>. \u015eimdiye kadar uygulanan bu t\u00fcr tedbirler, \u00c7in EV\u2019lerinin ABD pazar\u0131na girmesini s\u0131n\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak \u00fclkedeki baz\u0131 parlamenterler bu \u00f6nlemlerin yeterince etkili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor ve daha fazla g\u00fcmr\u00fck vergisi talep ediyor[48]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Gelecekteki trendler<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7in\u2019in d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki EV hedeflerine kar\u015f\u0131 artan siyasi tepkiler bu hedefleri yava\u015flatsa da i\u015fleri durma noktas\u0131na getirmesi pek olas\u0131 g\u00f6z\u00fckm\u00fcyor. \u00d6ncelikle, \u00c7inli firmalar\u0131n hedef pazarlara yak\u0131n konumlarda daha fazla \u00fcretim tesisi kurmas\u0131, s\u00f6z konusu vergilerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir. BYD\u2019nin Macaristan\u2019daki fabrikas\u0131, AB\u2019den cezai tedbirler almamak i\u00e7in olas\u0131 bir yol olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir[49]<\/a>. \u00c7inli \u015firket ayr\u0131ca Meksika\u2019da[50]<\/a>, ABD\u2019ye y\u00f6nelik ithalat vergilerinden ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilecek bir fabrika planl\u0131yor. Bu ad\u0131m, benzer stratejileri benimsemi\u015f di\u011fer \u00c7inli otomobil \u00fcreticilerinin aras\u0131nda yerini almas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak[51]<\/a>. Buna ek olarak \u00c7in\u2019de \u00fcretilen otomobillere kar\u015f\u0131 al\u0131nan tedbirler, bu \u00fclkede fabrikalar\u0131 olan Bat\u0131l\u0131 firmalar\u0131 da hedef al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Ortakl\u0131k yoluyla ilerlemek<\/h2>\n

Tesla icra kurulu ba\u015fkan\u0131 Elon Musk yak\u0131n zamanda \u00c7inli EV firmalar\u0131n\u0131n, ticari engelleri olmayan k\u00fcresel rakiplerinin \u00e7o\u011funu \u201cy\u0131kacaklar\u0131\u201d konusunda uyar\u0131da bulundu[52]<\/a>. Ne var ki Bat\u0131l\u0131 otomobil \u00fcreticileri korumaya y\u00f6nelik tedbirleri tamam\u0131yla desteklememektedir. Son hamleler, gelecekte Bat\u0131l\u0131 ve \u00c7inli firmalar aras\u0131nda i\u015f birli\u011finin artabilece\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, markalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Chrysler, FIAT ve Peugeot\u2019nun bulundu\u011fu \u00e7ok uluslu Stellantis\u2019in CEO\u2019su Carlos Tavares, AB\u2019nin s\u00fcbvansiyon soru\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131 \u201ck\u00fcresel bir zihniyeti benimsememiz gerekiyor\u201d diyerek ele\u015ftirdi[53]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ekim 2023\u2019te, \u015firketinin \u00c7inli EV \u00fcreticisi Leapmotor\u2019un %21\u2019lik hissesini sat\u0131n alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu. Firma, \u00c7in d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki Leapmotor \u00fcr\u00fcnleri i\u00e7in m\u00fcnhas\u0131r ihracat, sat\u0131\u015f ve \u00fcretim haklar\u0131 verecek bir ortak giri\u015fimde \u00e7o\u011funluk hissesine sahip olacak[54]<\/a>. Bu hamle, Volkswagen\u2019in \u00c7in firmas\u0131 Xpeng\u2019de birka\u00e7 ay \u00f6nce 700 milyon ABD dolar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda %5\u2019lik bir hisse sat\u0131n almas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. \u015eirketler 2026 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar \u00c7in pazar\u0131 i\u00e7in iki yeni VW markal\u0131 EV geli\u015ftirmeyi planl\u0131yor[55]<\/a>. EV end\u00fcstrisinde rekabetin artmas\u0131 daha fazla i\u015f birli\u011fini de beraberinde getirecek gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Renault\u2019nun ba\u015fkan\u0131 Luca de Meo yak\u0131n zamanda Airbus konsorsiyumu modeline benzer kolektif bir Avrupa EV giri\u015fiminin k\u0131tadaki otomobil \u00fcreticilerine fayda sa\u011flayabilece\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrd\u00fc[56]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in\u2019de sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn gelecekte konsolidasyona gitmesi bekleniyor. Elektrikli ara\u00e7 \u015firketi Li Auto\u2019nun ba\u015fkan\u0131 k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce h\u00fck\u00fcmetin bunu kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulundu[57]<\/a>. Bir\u00e7ok \u00f6nemli \u00fcreticinin hisseleri son zamanlarda k\u00e2rl\u0131l\u0131k endi\u015feleri nedeniyle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f g\u00f6sterdi.[58]<\/a> Ger\u00e7ekten de sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn dikkatini yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7evirmesinin nedeni de i\u00e7 pazardaki daralmaya tepki olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu durum \u015f\u00fcphesiz ba\u015fka zorluklar\u0131 da beraberinde getirecektir. Yeni pazarlarda marka bilinirli\u011fi ve g\u00fcveninin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra sat\u0131\u015f a\u011flar\u0131 kurman\u0131n zorlu\u011fu da g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilmemelidir. Ancak g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7, uygun fiyatlar ve batarya \u00fcretiminde \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck, \u00c7inli EV\u2019lerin k\u00fcresel sahnedeki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rarak parlak bir gelece\u011fi oldu\u011funa i\u015faret ediyor.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2023\/05\/electric-vehicles-ev-sales-growth-2022\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2023\/02\/21\/1068880\/how-did-china-dominate-electric-cars-policy\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/chinadialogue.net\/en\/business\/life-after-subsidies-for-chinas-evs<\/a><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2023-07-17\/how-china-beat-everyone-to-be-world-leader-in-electric-vehicles<\/a><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/autos-transportation\/china-announces-extension-purchase-tax-break-nevs-until-2027-2023-06-21\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/asia.nikkei.com\/Spotlight\/Electric-cars-in-China\/China-gives-EV-sector-billions-of-yuan-in-subsidies<\/a><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2023\/02\/21\/1068880\/how-did-china-dominate-electric-cars-policy\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.elsevier.es\/es-revista-revista-administracao-e-inovacao-239-articulo-electric-vehicles-in-china-byd-S1809203916300018<\/a><\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.telematicswire.net\/china-leads-the-ev-revolution-with-1-8-million-public-charging-stations\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.chinadaily.com.cn\/a\/202310\/26\/WS6539ce60a31090682a5ead90.html<\/a><\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.chinadaily.com.cn\/a\/202310\/26\/WS6539ce60a31090682a5ead90.html<\/a><\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/cnevpost.com\/2023\/12\/15\/shanghai-to-continue-offering-free-license-plates-for-bevs-2024\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/cnevpost.com\/2023\/01\/05\/beijing-to-hand-out-100000-extra-license-plates-in-2023-70-to-evs<\/a><\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/autos-transportation\/battery-test-race-work- out-what-used-evs-are-really-worth-2023-10-23\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/1f95d204-ea6a-4cf3-b66a-952362e8092a<\/a><\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2023\/05\/16\/business\/china-ev-battery.html<\/a><\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.technologyreview.com\/2023\/02\/21\/1068880\/how-did-china-dominate-electric-cars-policy\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.chinadaily.com.cn\/a\/202312\/28\/WS658cce0ca31040ac301a9e62.html<\/a><\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/business-67860232<\/a><\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2008\/09\/27\/warren-buffett-invests-in-chinese-company-developing-green-cars.html<\/a><\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2023\/jul\/29\/battery-power-how-china-could-take-charge-of-the-electric-vehicle-market<\/a><\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/graniteshares.com\/institutional\/uk\/en-uk\/research\/tesla-s-china-strategy-how-the-world-s-largest-auto-market-impacts-stock-prices\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/32894a32-d094-43cb-af96-ee5d29bffa0d<\/a><\/p>\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/025133e1-68ee-405c-9871-cc67520a0b65<\/a><\/p>\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.economist.com\/briefing\/2024\/01\/11\/western-firms-are-quaking-as-chinas-electric-car-industry-speeds-up<\/a><\/p>\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/autos-transportation\/toyota-says-boost-ev-development-technology-china-2023-07-31\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2023-07-17\/how-china-beat-everyone-to-be-world-leader-in-electric-vehicles<\/a><\/p>\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/global-ev-outlook-2023\/executive-summary<\/a><\/p>\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2023-12-20\/china-is-under-pressure-to-keep-exporting-electric-cars-to-the-eu<\/a><\/p>\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/autos-transportation\/what-is-driving-chinese-ev-exports-their-price-competitiveness-2023-09-14\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2023\/09\/07\/cars\/china-evs-global-intl-hnk\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/autos-transportation\/sixt-agrees-purchase-around-100000-e-vehicles-chinas-byd-2022-10-04\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/china-byd-hungary-autos-evs-72587976c85d3f9b56d990a6296c73b4#<\/a><\/p>\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.fleeteurope.com\/en\/new-energies\/europe\/features\/byd-targets-european-fleet-sector<\/a><\/p>\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/autos-transportation\/chinese-electric-vehicle-investment-plans-thailand-2023-07-09\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/cnevpost.com\/2023\/03\/11\/byd-begins-construction-of-thailand-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/autos-transportation\/chinas-byd-rides-partnerships-expand-ev-sales-southeast-asia-2023-09-19\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/carnewschina.com\/2024\/01\/31\/gac-aion-thailand-factory-officially-started-construction\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/business\/autos\/chinas-ev-champion-byd-will-take-on-the-world-in-2024-9da4cfde<\/a><\/p>\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/www.economist.com\/briefing\/2024\/01\/11\/western-firms-are-quaking-as-chinas-electric-car-industry-speeds-up<\/a><\/p>\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2023\/09\/07\/cars\/china-evs-global-intl-hnk\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/europe\/eu-launches-anti-subsidy-investigation-into-chinese-electric-vehicles-2023-09-13\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/presscorner\/detail\/en\/ip_23_4752<\/a><\/p>\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/brussels-officially-starts-probe-into-chinese-electric-vehicles\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/autos-transportation\/sixty-five-percent-electric-cars-sold-france-can-quality-state-bonus-scheme-2023-12-14\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/autos-transportation\/italy-weighs-auto-incentive-scheme-reduce-chinese-ev-price-advantage-sources-2023-10-02\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[47]<\/a> https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/china-us-europe-electric-cars-miles-apart-the-us-and-europe-diverge-on-car-threat\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[48]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/business\/autos\/why-americans-cant-buy-cheap-chinese-electric-vehicles-53473383<\/a><\/p>\n

[49]<\/a> https:\/\/trans.info\/byd-eu-import-tariffs-375126<\/a><\/p>\n

[50]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/autos-transportation\/chinas-byd-plans-new-electric-vehicle-plant-mexico-says-nikkei-2024-02-13\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[51]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/business\/autos\/why-americans-cant-buy-cheap-chinese-electric-vehicles-53473383<\/a><\/p>\n

[52]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/autos-transportation\/tesla-ceo-musk-chinese-ev-firms-will-demolish-rivals-without-trade-barriers-2024-01-25\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[53]<\/a> https:\/\/europe.autonews.com\/automakers\/eu-probe-chinese-car-exports-slammed-carlos-tavares<\/a><\/p>\n

[54]<\/a> https:\/\/europe.autonews.com\/automakers\/stellantis-plans-buy-20-stake-chinas-leapmotor<\/a><\/p>\n

[55]<\/a> https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2023\/07\/27\/cars\/china-volkswagen-xpeng-investment-intl-hnk\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n

[56]<\/a> https:\/\/www.autocar.co.uk\/car-news\/new-cars\/renault-ceo-luca-de-meo-how-save-car-industry<\/a><\/p>\n

[57]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2024-02-21\/li-auto-ceo-calls-for-industry-m-a-as-china-ev-demand-softens?leadSource=uverify%20wall<\/a><\/p>\n

[58]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2024\/01\/11\/chinas-ev-stocks-start-2024-in-reverse-gear-as-price-wars-pressure-profitability.html<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":115999,"template":"","tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u00c7in'in Elektrikli Ara\u00e7 Liderli\u011fi | Abdul Latif Jameel\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"EV \u00fcretiminde egemen bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olan \u00c7in'in yurti\u00e7inde ve yurtd\u0131\u015f\u0131nda artan rekabete ra\u011fmen nas\u0131l k\u00fcresel bir elektrikli ara\u00e7 merkezi haline geldi\u011fini okuyun.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/alj.com\/tr\/perspective\/how-china-rose-to-lead-the-world-in-electric-vehicles\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00c7in'in Elektrikli Ara\u00e7 Liderli\u011fi | Abdul Latif Jameel\u00ae\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"EV \u00fcretiminde 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