{"id":117284,"date":"2024-06-05T13:13:17","date_gmt":"2024-06-05T13:13:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alj.com\/?post_type=perspective&p=117284"},"modified":"2024-10-30T12:22:11","modified_gmt":"2024-10-30T12:22:11","slug":"egitimde-yapay-zeka-donusumu","status":"publish","type":"perspective","link":"https:\/\/alj.com\/tr\/perspective\/egitimde-yapay-zeka-donusumu\/","title":{"rendered":"E\u011fitimde yapay zek\u00e2 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00dcretken yapay zek\u00e2 teknolojileri, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda \u00f6\u011fretme ve \u00f6\u011frenme \u015feklimizi k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir \u015fekilde yeniden \u015fekillendirmeye haz\u0131r.<\/h4>\n

2023 y\u0131l\u0131, tamamen yeni i\u00e7erikler olu\u015fturma yetene\u011fi ile \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan ve h\u0131zla geli\u015fen bir yapay zek\u00e2 bi\u00e7imi olan \u00fcretken yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n (genAI) kullan\u0131m\u0131nda bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 oldu. \u00d6zellikle, b\u00fcy\u00fck metin tabanl\u0131 \u00fcretken yapay zek\u00e2l\u0131 sohbet robotlar\u0131n\u0131n lansman\u0131 ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc be\u011feni toplad\u0131. Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda, OpenAI\u2019nin ChatGPT\u2019si haftada 100 milyon kullan\u0131c\u0131ya ula\u015ft\u0131[1]<\/a>. ChatGPT, y\u00fcksek bir do\u011fruluk d\u00fczeyiyle \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli konularda h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ikna edici yaz\u0131l\u0131 materyal \u00fcretme ve insanlarla do\u011fal ve esnek bir \u015fekilde konu\u015fma yetene\u011fi ile insanlar\u0131n hayal g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc h\u0131zla yakalad\u0131. Ve bu durum, bu teknolojinin ya\u015fama ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015feklimizi nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015ftirebilece\u011fine y\u00f6nelik b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi olu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

ChatGPT\u2019nin t\u00fcm zamanlar\u0131n en h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcyen t\u00fcketici internet uygulamas\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve lansman\u0131ndan sonra sadece iki ay i\u00e7inde 100 milyon ayl\u0131k kullan\u0131c\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir. Ve \u015fimdi Google Gemini (daha \u00f6nce Bard olarak bilinen) gibi rakipleri olsa da, en pop\u00fcler \u00fcretken yapay zek\u00e2 uygulamas\u0131 olmaya devam ediyor.<\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca, metinden g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan Dall-E ve Midjourney gibi \u00fcretken yapay zek\u00e2 uygulamalar\u0131 son derece pop\u00fclerken, ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde m\u00fczik ve video \u00fcreten ba\u015fka uygulamalar da vard\u0131r. \u00dcretken yapay zek\u00e2 teknolojilerinin ekonomi ve toplum \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir etkisi olmas\u0131 beklenmektedir. Bloomberg Intelligence taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan bir analizde 2022\u2019de 40 milyar ABD dolar\u0131 pazar hacmine sahip \u00fcretken yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 10 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde 1,3 trilyon ABD dolar\u0131 tutar\u0131nda bir pazar hacmine ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc[2]<\/a>. Bu arada, McKinsey taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan bir raporda, 2023 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u015f d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda \u00fcretken yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n “b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u0131l” olarak ifade edildi. Nisan 2023\u2019te yap\u0131lan bir ankette, t\u00fcm kurulu\u015flardan kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n neredeyse d\u00f6rtte biri (%22), bu teknolojiyi i\u015flerinde zaten d\u00fczenli olarak kulland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

E\u011fitim, \u00fcretken yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir fark yaratabilece\u011fi bir aland\u0131r. \u0130ntihali m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131lma ve yanl\u0131\u015f bilgiyi yayma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 hakk\u0131nda baz\u0131 endi\u015feler olsa da hem \u00f6\u011frenciler hem de e\u011fitimciler i\u00e7in yarataca\u011f\u0131 yeni de\u011fer ile heyecan verici bir potansiyel sergiliyor.<\/p>\n

E\u011fitim f\u0131rsatlar\u0131<\/h2>\n

\u00dcretken yapay zek\u00e2 ilk kez ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, e\u011fitim alan ki\u015filerin intihal yaparak bu teknolojiyi suistimal edebilece\u011fine dair korkular uyand\u0131rd\u0131. ABD\u2019deki baz\u0131 okullar, \u201c\u00f6\u011frenci \u00f6\u011frenimi \u00fczerindeki olumsuz etkileri ve i\u00e7eriklerin g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve do\u011frulu\u011fu ile ilgili endi\u015feler\u201d nedeniyle ChatGPT’yi yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[4]<\/a>. Bu teknolojinin, y\u00fcksek \u00f6\u011frenim \u00fczerindeki etkisi hakk\u0131nda da benzer endi\u015feler dile getirilmi\u015ftir. Mart 2023\u2019te bir akademik makalede, yapay zek\u00e2 ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n akademik d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck ve intihalle ilgili ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 endi\u015feler tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak ara\u015ft\u0131rma yay\u0131mland\u0131ktan sonra makalenin kendisinin ChatGPT taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ancak, e\u011fitimcilerin tutumu m\u00fcdahale d\u00f6neminde yumu\u015fam\u0131\u015f ve aceleci bir \u015fekilde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan h\u0131zl\u0131 yasaklar k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[6]<\/a> Bu teknolojinin kal\u0131c\u0131 oldu\u011fu art\u0131k genel kabul g\u00f6rmektedir ve e\u011fitim i\u00e7in bir tehdit olmaktansa esas\u0131nda bildi\u011fimiz \u00fczere b\u00fcy\u00fck faydalar sa\u011flayabilir.<\/p>\n

Bir\u00e7ok uzman ve uygulay\u0131c\u0131, \u00fcretken yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n, \u00f6\u011fretim ve \u00f6\u011frenime yeni yakla\u015f\u0131mlar getirerek geni\u015f bir e\u011fitim d\u00fczeyi yelpazesinde kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ve \u00fcretkenli\u011fi destekleyebilece\u011fine inanmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Cornell \u00dcniversitesi E\u011fitim \u0130novasyonu Merkezi, \u00fcretken yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n \u00e7ok say\u0131da bilgiye an\u0131nda eri\u015fim sundu\u011funu ve farkl\u0131 yeteneklere, ge\u00e7mi\u015flere veya ihtiya\u00e7lara sahip \u00f6\u011frencilere yard\u0131mc\u0131 olman\u0131n yollar\u0131n\u0131 destekleyebilece\u011fini belirtmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca ke\u015fif ve yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131rabilir, merak\u0131 kam\u00e7\u0131layabilir ve yeni fikirler ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme yollar\u0131 \u00f6nerebilir.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00dcretken yapay zek\u00e2 teknolojisi ayr\u0131ca e\u011fitimciler i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli faydalar da sunar. \u00d6\u011fretim personelinin ders planlar\u0131, s\u0131nav sorular\u0131, \u00f6rnek sorunlar veya yazma senaryolar\u0131 gibi i\u00e7erik ve ders materyalleri \u00fcretmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir. Ayr\u0131ca, \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6revlileri taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frenme hedefleri, ders a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131, m\u00fcfredat beyanlar\u0131 veya ders politikalar\u0131 gibi materyaller \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l ABD E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019ndan gelen bir raporda, e\u011fitimcilerin yapay zek\u00e2y\u0131 ders yazmak veya dersleri iyile\u015ftirmenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra derslerinde kullanmak \u00fczere materyal bulma, se\u00e7me ve uyarlama s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinde nas\u0131l kullan\u0131labilece\u011finin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtildi. Raporda \u00fcretken yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n, t\u00fcm risklerine ra\u011fmen e\u011fitim \u00f6nceliklerine daha iyi yollarla, daha geni\u015f bir \u00f6l\u00e7ekte ve daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetlerle ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilece\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir. \u201c\u00d6nemli f\u0131rsatlar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan riskleri \u00f6nlemek ve azaltmak ve istenmeyen sonu\u00e7larla m\u00fccadele etmek i\u00e7in e\u011fitimde yapay zek\u00e2y\u0131 dikkate almak art\u0131k <\/em>bir zorunluluktur\u201d diye ekliyor.[8]<\/a><\/p>\n

Artan kullan\u0131m<\/h2>\n

Bu aciliyet uyar\u0131s\u0131 iyi bir \u015fekilde ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130ngiltere\u2019den gelen kan\u0131tlar, hem e\u011fitimciler hem de \u00f6\u011frenciler aras\u0131nda \u00fcretken yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n zaten \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. 2024 y\u0131l\u0131nda Internet Matters taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan bir anket, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n %44\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcretken yapay zek\u00e2 ara\u00e7lar\u0131yla aktif olarak etkile\u015fime girdi\u011fini ve bu grubun yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131n (%54) bu teknolojiyi ev \u00f6devi veya okul \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymu\u015ftur[9]<\/a>. Bu arada, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 (DfE) taraf\u0131ndan Nisan 2023\u2019te yap\u0131lan daha \u00f6nceki bir anket, \u00fcniversite e\u011fitimcilerinin %23\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn, ortaokul \u00f6\u011fretmenlerinin %14\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn ve ilkokullardaki \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin %9\u2019unun \u00fcretken yapay zek\u00e2y\u0131 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

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Ocak 2024\u2019te DfE taraf\u0131ndan bu konuda tekrar yay\u0131mlanan bir raporda[10]<\/a> e\u011fitimcilerin \u015fu anda \u00fcretken yapay zek\u00e2y\u0131 en yayg\u0131n olarak kulland\u0131klar\u0131 alanlar olarak dersler ve idari destek i\u00e7in i\u00e7erik olu\u015fturma oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu teknolojiyi kullanan y\u00f6neticilerin ve \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin %62\u2019si ders veya m\u00fcfredat kaynaklar\u0131 olu\u015fturmay\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131yordu. %42\u2019si dersleri veya m\u00fcfredat i\u00e7eri\u011fini planlamak ve %17\u2019si de ebeveynler veya bak\u0131c\u0131larla ileti\u015fim kurmak amac\u0131yla \u00fcretken yapay zek\u00e2y\u0131 kullan\u0131yordu. Di\u011fer kullan\u0131mlar aras\u0131nda derslerin teslim edilmesi, not veya geri bildirim verme ve politika belgelerinin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r. \u00dcretken yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli alanlarda kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair kan\u0131tlar vard\u0131. Bilim ve bili\u015fim alanlar\u0131nda deney fikirleri, revizyon ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ve kod \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in uygulan\u0131yordu. Matematikte e\u011fitimciler kendi kendine not veren s\u0131navlar olu\u015ftururken; dil temelli konularda bu teknoloji yazma \u00f6rnekleri ve kavrama sorular\u0131 olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ki\u015fiselle\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u00f6\u011frenme arac\u0131 olarak yapay zek\u00e2<\/h2>\n

E\u011fitim psikolo\u011fu Benjamin Bloom, 1984 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u2018iki sigma sorunu\u2019 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan sorunu tan\u0131mlad\u0131. Bloom\u2019un ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, \u00f6\u011frencilerin bire bir e\u011fitim ald\u0131klar\u0131nda s\u0131n\u0131ftaki e\u011fitime k\u0131yasla \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daha iyi performans elde edebileceklerini vurgulad\u0131: bire bir e\u011fitim alan \u00f6\u011frenciler iki standart sapma ile daha iyi performans g\u00f6sterdi. Uygulanabilirlik ve kaynak yetersizli\u011fi nedeniyle bu t\u00fcr bir deste\u011fe eri\u015fim \u015fimdiye kadar s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak baz\u0131 giri\u015fimler, ki\u015fiselle\u015ftirilmi\u015f e\u011fitimi ana ak\u0131m haline getirmek i\u00e7in \u00fcretken yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n potansiyelini ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\"\"\u00d6rne\u011fin Singapur merkezli Noodle Factory \u015firketi, e\u011fitimciler \u00fczerindeki idari y\u00fck\u00fc hafifletirken \u00f6\u011frencilerin deneyimini ki\u015fiselle\u015ftirebilen ve iyile\u015ftirebilen \u2018Walter\u2019 ad\u0131 verilen yapay zek\u00e2 destekli bir \u00f6\u011fretim asistan\u0131 platformu sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Walter, a\u00e7\u0131k u\u00e7lu sorular da dahil olmak \u00fczere tamamlanan al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmalar hakk\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frencilere an\u0131nda geri bildirim sa\u011flarken, bir Soru-Cevap i\u015flevi ile \u00f6\u011frencilerin belirli sorular\u0131n\u0131 yan\u0131tlayabiliyor.<\/p>\n

Bu, \u00f6\u011frencilerin ders notlar\u0131 ve slaytlar gibi kurumsal i\u00e7eriklerden yararlanmas\u0131na \u00f6ncelik verir; ancak e\u011fitimciler \u00f6\u011frencilerin bilgilerini geli\u015ftirmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck dil modelini temel alan ChatGPT gibi \u00fcretken yapay zek\u00e2 sistemlerine eri\u015fime izin vermeyi de se\u00e7ebilir. E\u011fitimciler, \u00f6\u011frencilerin sohbet robotu ile nas\u0131l etkile\u015fime girdi\u011fini anlamak ve nerede ekstra destek veya m\u00fcdahalenin gerekli olabilece\u011fini belirlemek i\u00e7in analizleri g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleyebilir.<\/p>\n

Noodle Factory\u2019nin platformunu kullanan kurulu\u015flar aras\u0131nda Ngee Ann Polytechnic\u2019in Singapur\u2019daki Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri Okulu bulunmaktad\u0131r ve burada 1.000\u2019den fazla \u00f6\u011frenci taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Noodle Factory\u2019ye g\u00f6re, \u00f6\u011frenciler \u00f6\u011frenme deneyimini 5 \u00fczerinden 4,26 olarak derecelendirirken, arac\u0131n otomatik not verme i\u015flevi her bir \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6revlisinin y\u0131lda 100 saat tasarruf etmesini sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[11]<\/a> Bu platform ayr\u0131ca \u00fclkenin Teknik E\u011fitim Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019nde (ITE) de kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. ITE \u00f6\u011frencileri ve \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6revlilerini i\u00e7eren dokuz ayl\u0131k bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n %80\u2019den fazlas\u0131 platformun etkili oldu\u011funu ve onu kullanmaya devam etmek istedi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. \u00d6\u011frencilerin yakla\u015f\u0131k %84\u2019\u00fc yapay zek\u00e2 \u00f6\u011fretmeninin kullan\u0131c\u0131 dostu ve gezinmesi kolay oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylerken, \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6revlilerinin yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7te ikisi (%64) not verme s\u00fcrecinde %50 ila %75 oran\u0131nda zamandan tasarruf sa\u011flad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir.[12]<\/a><\/p>\n

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Walter platformu ABD, Meksika, Portekiz ve Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k\u2019ta da kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Londra \u00dcniversitesi pilot \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olarak \u015fu anda sohbet robotunu \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i hukuk programlar\u0131nda kullanmaktad\u0131r.[13]<\/a> \u00dcniversitenin e\u011fitim tasar\u0131m ve prod\u00fcksiyon direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Jonathon Thomas, yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 olarak do\u011fru ve anlaml\u0131 geri bildirim sunma yetene\u011finden etkilendi\u011fini belirtti. Thomas, \u201cEn \u00f6nemlisi de yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n bir \u00f6\u011fretmenin yerini alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 veya alabilece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fcyoruz\u201d dedi. \u201cBunun yerine, yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n genel akademik sorular\u0131 yan\u0131tlayarak, \u00f6\u011frenci hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rarak ve \u00f6\u011fretmenlere daha karma\u015f\u0131k sorunlara odaklanmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in alan yaratarak bu bo\u015flu\u011fu kapatmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilece\u011fine inan\u0131yorum.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Veri g\u00fcvenli\u011fini iyile\u015ftiren ve \u00f6\u011frencilerin uygunsuz i\u00e7eri\u011fe eri\u015fmesini \u00f6nlemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6zellikleri sayesinde, \u00f6zel olarak tasarlanm\u0131\u015f \u00fcretken yapay zek\u00e2 ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ChatGPT gibi herkese a\u00e7\u0131k se\u00e7eneklere g\u00f6re avantaj sa\u011flayabilir. ABD\u2019de k\u00e2r amac\u0131 g\u00fctmeyen bir e\u011fitim kurulu\u015fu olan Khan Academy taraf\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l geli\u015ftirilen \u00fcretken yapay zek\u00e2 destekli bir \u201cki\u015fisel \u00f6\u011fretmen ve \u00f6\u011fretim asistan\u0131\u201d olan Khanmigo i\u00e7in de benzer i\u015flevler mevcuttur.<\/p>\n

\"\"Khanmigo, ChatGPT teknolojisine dayan\u0131r, ancak sadece yan\u0131t vermek yerine, \u00f6\u011frencileri sorunlar\u0131 kendi ba\u015flar\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6zmeye y\u00f6nlendirmek i\u00e7in uyarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Uygulama ayr\u0131ca matematik, bilim, ekonomi ve tarih gibi konularda kurslar i\u00e7eren Khan Academy\u2019nin kendi i\u00e7erik kitapl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erecek \u015fekilde de e\u011fitilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Khanmigo\u2019nun \u00f6\u011frencilere y\u00f6nelik konu\u015fma deste\u011fi, zorlay\u0131c\u0131 sorular sormay\u0131 ve onlar\u0131 ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeye te\u015fvik etmeyi i\u00e7erir ve ayn\u0131 zamanda tarihsel karakterlerin a\u011fz\u0131ndan konu\u015fma i\u015flevi de vard\u0131r. Bu uygulama, \u00f6\u011fretmenlere ders planlama, rubrik gibi ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 puanlama ara\u00e7lar\u0131 olu\u015fturma ve geri bildirim sa\u011flama gibi etkinliklerde yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.[14]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bu sohbet robotu, k\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00f6nce bir Washington Post gazetecisi taraf\u0131ndan \u201ckamu yarar\u0131na yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n nas\u0131l geli\u015ftirilece\u011fi ve uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda sahip oldu\u011fumuz en iyi model\u201d ve \u201c\u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131n kullanabilece\u011fi ilk yapay zek\u00e2 yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanarak olumlu \u015fekilde kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131[15]<\/a>. Khanmigo \u015fu anda ABD\u2019nin Indiana eyaletinde 2 milyon ABD dolar\u0131 de\u011ferindeki bir program\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak yakla\u015f\u0131k 20.000 \u00f6\u011frenci taraf\u0131ndan bir pilot \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada uygulanmaktad\u0131r. Bu teknoloji, \u00f6\u011frencilerin tarihi karakterlerle sohbet etmelerine, hikayeler olu\u015fturmalar\u0131na, \u00fcniversiteye kabul s\u00fcrecinde rehberlik hizmeti almalar\u0131na ve akademik ve kariyer hedeflerine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in ko\u00e7luk almalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir. Bir \u00f6\u011frenci bunun “TikTok’tan daha e\u011flenceli” oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/em>[16]<\/a><\/p>\n

Eri\u015filebilirli\u011fi art\u0131rma<\/h2>\n

Bu nedenle, e\u011fitimde \u00fcretken yapay zek\u00e2 kullan\u0131m\u0131 daha yolun ba\u015f\u0131nda olsa da \u015fimdiden baz\u0131 heyecan verici uygulamalar g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Ve ister \u00f6\u011frencilerle do\u011frudan etkile\u015fimler, ister e\u011fitimciler i\u00e7in sundu\u011fu yeni beceriler yoluyla olsun, daha ki\u015fiselle\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u00f6\u011frenme yollar\u0131n\u0131 destekleyen teknolojiler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir potansiyeli oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Nitekim Khan Academy kurucusu Sal Khan, \u201ce\u011fitimin \u015fimdiye kadar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fu muhtemelen en b\u00fcy\u00fck olumlu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm olarak yapay zek\u00e2y\u0131 kullanman\u0131n e\u015fi\u011findeyiz\u201d diyor.[17]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00dcretken yapay zek\u00e2, ana ak\u0131m e\u011fitimi geli\u015ftirmenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00f6\u011frencilerin ve e\u011fitimcilerin farkl\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenme ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na uyacak \u015fekilde \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde i\u00e7erikleri uyarlamalar\u0131n\u0131 veya olu\u015fturmalar\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin beyin hasar\u0131, disleksi ve afatazi (g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirememe) gibi rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 olan ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar yak\u0131n zamanda Nature dergisine verdikleri r\u00f6portajda, dersleri farkl\u0131 alfabelere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrerek ve \u00f6zetleyerek veya a\u00e7\u0131klamalardan g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc olu\u015fturarak akademik i\u00e7erikleri farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imlere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmenin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l destekleyebilece\u011finden bahsettiler[18]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ve \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin k\u00e2r amac\u0131 g\u00fctmeyen e\u011fitim kurumu Jisc, \u00fcretken yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n metinleri yeniden i\u015fleyerek \u00f6zellikle farkl\u0131 n\u00f6rolojik durumlar\u0131 olan \u00f6\u011frencilere fayda sa\u011flama potansiyeliyle etkili olabilece\u011fini belirtiyor. Bu, e\u011fitim materyallerinin \u00e7evrilmesini, basitle\u015ftirilmesini ve yeniden ifade edilmesini veya \u00f6rnek verilmesini i\u00e7erebilir[19]<\/a>. Pop\u00fcler eri\u015filebilirlik kaynaklar\u0131ndan biri de farkl\u0131 n\u00f6rolojik durumlar\u0131 olan \u00f6\u011frencileri \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00f6revlerde desteklemek i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir dizi ara\u00e7 sunmak \u00fczere \u00fcretken yapay zek\u00e2 kullanan goblin.tools platformudur. Bunlar, yazarken kullan\u0131lan tonu de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyi ve bir g\u00f6revin tamamlanmas\u0131n\u0131n ne kadar s\u00fcrebilece\u011fini tahmin etmeyi i\u00e7erir. Sidney Teknoloji \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nde dikkat eksikli\u011fi hiperaktivite bozuklu\u011fu (DEHB) olan bir \u00f6\u011frenci, k\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00f6nce goblin.tools\u2019un yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bir konu\u015fma ko\u00e7u program\u0131 olan metinden konu\u015fmaya uygulamas\u0131 Speechify ve Yoodli\u2019nin oda\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumas\u0131na ve zaman\u0131n\u0131 etkili bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netmesine nas\u0131l yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu\u011funu ifade etti[20]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, \u00f6zel e\u011fitim ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 olan \u00f6\u011frencileri desteklemek i\u00e7in geli\u015fmi\u015f yapay zek\u00e2 teknolojisini daha fazla kullanabilecekleri olas\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorlar. Yeterli say\u0131da konu\u015fma ve dil patolo\u011funun bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ABD\u2019de, Buffalo \u00dcniversitesi taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen bir proje, konu\u015fma ve dil zorluklar\u0131 ya\u015fayan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 taramak ve ard\u0131ndan ki\u015fiselle\u015ftirilmi\u015f rehabilitasyon programlar\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u00f6\u011fretmenlerle birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak amac\u0131yla yapay zek\u00e2 tabanl\u0131 ara\u00e7lar geli\u015ftirmeyi hedeflemektedir.[21]<\/a> Maine \u00dcniversitesi, \u00d6zel Gereksinimli \u00c7ocuklar Konseyi taraf\u0131ndan finanse edilen ve e\u011fitimde yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131nda yenilik\u00e7i uygulamalar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131ran bir projeye liderlik etmektedir.[22]<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Gelecekteki olas\u0131l\u0131klar<\/h2>\n

Bunlar, e\u011fitimde daha geni\u015f anlamda kullan\u0131labilecek \u00fcretken yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n gelecekteki olas\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131yla ilgili b\u00fcy\u00fck tutkunun sadece birka\u00e7 \u00f6rne\u011fidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Open University\u2019den profes\u00f6r Mike Sharples ge\u00e7en y\u0131l University College London\u2019da yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir konu\u015fmada, teknolojinin \u201c\u00f6\u011frenme ve ya\u015fam i\u00e7in ki\u015fiselle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir yapay zek\u00e2 k\u0131lavuzu\u201d olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n potansiyeli \u00fczerinde durdu. \u00dcretken yapay zek\u00e2 daha sofistike hale geldik\u00e7e sohbet robotu ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca belirli g\u00f6revlere yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in de\u011fil, kal\u0131c\u0131 haf\u0131zaya sahip \u201cya\u015fam boyu ak\u0131l hocalar\u0131\u201d olarak da kullan\u0131labilece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.[23]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bir di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fcleyici geli\u015fme ise Google\u2019\u0131n deneysel not alma uygulamas\u0131 NotebookLM\u2019dir. Daha \u00f6nce Project Tailwind olarak bilinen uygulama, y\u00fcklenen belgelerdeki bilgileri sentezler ve analiz eder. Ara\u00e7 bu belirli kaynaklara dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, Google \u201csizinle ilgili bilgileri kullanarak ki\u015fiselle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir yapay zek\u00e2 olu\u015fturur\u201d diyor. \u015eirket bunu \u201cger\u00e7ekleri \u00f6zetleyebilen, karma\u015f\u0131k fikirleri a\u00e7\u0131klayabilen ve yeni ba\u011flant\u0131lar i\u00e7in beyin f\u0131rt\u0131nas\u0131 yapabilen sanal bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma asistan\u0131\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r. Bununla ilgili bir \u00f6rnek olarak bir t\u0131p \u00f6\u011frencisinin n\u00f6robilim hakk\u0131nda bilimsel bir makaleyi uygulamaya y\u00fckleyip dopamin ile ilgili temel terimler s\u00f6zl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131 istemesini vermektedir.[24]<\/a><\/p>\n

Stanford \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin \u00fcretken yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n[25]<\/a> e\u011fitim ama\u00e7l\u0131 kullan\u0131m\u0131na y\u00f6nelik erken d\u00f6nem ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 destekleyen tohum hibe plan\u0131, teknolojinin potansiyel kullan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015fli\u011fi hakk\u0131nda bir fikir vermektedir. Bu hibe plan\u0131n\u0131n destekledi\u011fi giri\u015fimler aras\u0131nda bulunan bir projede, ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnyadaki t\u0131p e\u011fitimini sim\u00fcle edebilen 3 boyutlu sanal \u00f6\u011fretim asistanlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve k\u00f6r ve zay\u0131f g\u00f6rme yetisine sahip \u00f6\u011frencilerin eri\u015fimini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in veri g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmelerinin y\u00fcksek kaliteli a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Fon sa\u011flanan di\u011fer projeler ise \u015funlar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r: yapay zek\u00e2 taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulmu\u015f metinleri tespit etme ve \u00f6\u011fretmenlere, \u00f6\u011frencileri i\u00e7in etkili geri bildirim yazma konusunda yard\u0131mc\u0131 olma.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Gelece\u011fe y\u00f6nelik \u00e7er\u00e7eveler<\/h2>\n

Morgan Stanley taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan yak\u0131n tarihli bir analiz, \u00fcretken yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n kalite ve eri\u015fimi iyile\u015ftirerek verimlili\u011fi art\u0131rma potansiyelinin 2025 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar k\u00fcresel e\u011fitim sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne 200 milyar ABD dolar\u0131 de\u011ferinde bir de\u011fer katabilece\u011fini savundu[26]<\/a>. Ancak h\u00fck\u00fcmetler ve e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131 bu t\u00fcr f\u0131rsatlar\u0131 giderek daha fazla de\u011ferlendirse de teknolojinin potansiyel tehlikelerini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmaya devam ediyorlar. Unesco genel direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Audrey Azoulay, \u00fcretken yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n \u201ckamu kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 olmadan e\u011fitime entegre edilemeyece\u011fi ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin uygulamaya koymas\u0131 gereken g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemleri ve d\u00fczenlemeleri\u201d konusunda uyar\u0131da bulunmu\u015ftur.[27]<\/a><\/p>\n

E\u011fitimde \u00fcretken yapay zek\u00e2dan en iyi \u015fekilde yararlanmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 desteklemek \u00fczere etkili politika \u00e7er\u00e7evelerine ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z olacak. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Unesco\u2019nun \u2018E\u011fitim ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rmada \u00dcretken Yapay Zek\u00e2ya \u0130li\u015fkin K\u00fcresel K\u0131lavuz\u2019[28]<\/a> belgesi s\u0131n\u0131fta yapay zek\u00e2 ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak i\u00e7in 13 ya\u015f s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fcyor ve bu konuda \u00f6\u011fretmen e\u011fitimi gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. Yaln\u0131zca birka\u00e7 \u00fclkenin e\u011fitimde yapay zek\u00e2 kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile ilgili belirli politikalar veya planlar benimsedi\u011fine dikkat \u00e7ekerek, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin \u00fcretken yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemek i\u00e7in politika \u00e7er\u00e7eveleri geli\u015ftirmek \u00fczere alabilece\u011fi sekiz temel \u00f6nlemi de \u00f6nermektedir. Bunlar aras\u0131nda kapsay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, e\u015fitli\u011fi ve \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi te\u015fvik etmek, insan etkinli\u011fini korumak ve sistemleri izlemek ve do\u011frulamak yer al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Belgenin \u00f6n s\u00f6z\u00fcnde belirtildi\u011fi gibi \u00fcretken yapay zek\u00e2 kapasitelerinin e\u011fitim i\u00e7in potansiyel olarak b\u00fcy\u00fck etkileri vard\u0131r. <\/em>Ancak, hem e\u011fitimciler hem de \u00f6\u011frenciler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir faydalar sa\u011flayacak \u015fekilde bu sonu\u00e7lardan tam olarak yararlanmak kolay olmayacakt\u0131r. \u0130lk ba\u015ftaki \u015f\u00fcpheci yakla\u015f\u0131mlar anla\u015f\u0131labilir olsa da bir\u00e7ok yerde art\u0131k daha dengeli yakla\u015f\u0131mlar sergileniyor olmas\u0131 cesaret vericidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Cornell \u00dcniversitesi e\u011fitimcilerin \u00fcretken yapay zek\u00e2 kullan\u0131m\u0131na y\u00f6nelik esnek bir yakla\u015f\u0131m benimsemelerini \u00f6nerir; bu yakla\u015f\u0131m kapsam\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frenciler aras\u0131nda kullan\u0131m\u0131 yasaklayabilir, belirli ko\u015fullarla izin verebilir veya te\u015fvik edebilirler[29]<\/a>. Teknolojinin \u00f6\u011fretim ve \u00f6\u011frenmede giderek daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir rol oynamas\u0131 nedeniyle, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131llarda riskleri y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in mant\u0131kl\u0131 yap\u0131lar olu\u015ftururken \u00fcretken yapay zek\u00e2n\u0131n faydalar\u0131n\u0131 takdir eden bu t\u00fcr yakla\u015f\u0131mlar \u00f6nemli olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00dcretken yapay zek\u00e2, be\u011fenelim ya da be\u011fenmeyelim s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131m\u0131zda ve ders salonlar\u0131m\u0131zda ezber bozmaya geliyor. A\u015fmam\u0131z gereken zorluk, bu teknolojiyi baltalamak i\u00e7in bahaneler \u00fcretmek yerine e\u011fitimi geli\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla olumlu bir ara\u00e7 olarak onun g\u00fcc\u00fcnden en iyi \u015fekilde nas\u0131l yararlanaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 bulmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2023\/11\/6\/23948386\/chatgpt-active-user-count-openai-developer-conference<\/a><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/professional\/insights\/data\/generative-ai-races-toward-1-3-trillion-in-revenue-by-2032\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/capabilities\/quantumblack\/our-insights\/the-state-of-ai-in-2023-generative-ais-breakout-year<\/a><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/us-news\/2023\/jan\/06\/new-york-city-schools-ban-ai-chatbot-chatgpt<\/a><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/technology\/2023\/mar\/19\/ai-makes-plagiarism-harder-to-detect-argue-academics-in-paper-written-by-chatbot<\/a><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/08\/24\/business\/schools-chatgpt-chatbot-bans.html<\/a><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/teaching.cornell.edu\/generative-artificial-intelligence<\/a><\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www2.ed.gov\/documents\/ai-report\/ai-report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.internetmatters.org\/hub\/research\/generative-ai-in-education-report\/#full-report<\/a><\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/media\/65b8cd41b5cb6e000d8bb74e\/DfE_GenAI_in_education_-_Educator_and_expert_views_report.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.noodlefactory.ai\/using-ai-to-improve-student-engagement-and-educator-productivity-ngee-ann-poly<\/a><\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/articles.noodlefactory.ai\/ai-education-tackling-two-sigma-problem-walter<\/a><\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/onlinelearning.london.ac.uk\/2023\/03\/29\/ai-teaching-assistant-pilot\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/guides.libraries.uc.edu\/ai-education\/kh<\/a><\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/opinions\/2024\/02\/22\/artificial-intelligence-sal-khan\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/content.govdelivery.com\/accounts\/INDOE\/bulletins\/372fd58<\/a><\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.khanacademy.org\/sal-khans-2023-ted-talk-ai-in-the-classroom-can-transform-education\/<\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-024-01003-w<\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/nationalcentreforai.jiscinvolve.org\/wp\/2023\/10\/25\/generative-ai-and-accessibility-in-education\/<\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/lx.uts.edu.au\/blog\/2023\/10\/23\/genai-student-perspectives-accessibility\/<\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.buffalo.edu\/ai4exceptionaled.html#title_301642566_copy<\/a><\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/umaine.edu\/news\/blog\/2024\/01\/11\/umaine-faculty-investigating-best-uses-for-ai-in-special-education\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ucl.ac.uk\/teaching-learning\/case-studies\/2023\/aug\/generative-ai-and-education-futures<\/a><\/p>\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.google\/technology\/ai\/notebooklm-google-ai\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/acceleratelearning.stanford.edu\/funding\/generative-ai\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.morganstanley.com\/ideas\/generative-ai-education-outlook<\/a><\/p>\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/en\/articles\/unesco-governments-must-quickly-regulate-generative-ai-schools<\/a><\/p>\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000386693<\/a><\/p>\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/teaching.cornell.edu\/generative-artificial-intelligence\/cu-committee-report-generative-artificial-intelligence-education<\/a><\/p>\n

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