{"id":121954,"date":"2025-05-21T12:29:53","date_gmt":"2025-05-21T12:29:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alj.com\/perspective\/dealing-with-drought\/"},"modified":"2025-08-08T10:40:54","modified_gmt":"2025-08-08T10:40:54","slug":"dealing-with-drought","status":"publish","type":"perspective","link":"https:\/\/alj.com\/tr\/perspective\/dealing-with-drought\/","title":{"rendered":"Kurakl\u0131kla ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kma"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n rekor seviyelere ula\u015fmas\u0131, d\u00fcnya genelindeki toplumlar\u0131 ve ekonomileri bozuyor.\u00a0 Durumun kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc ele almak i\u00e7in acilen stratejik yan\u0131tlar gerekli.\u00a0 D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda haber ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131nda kas\u0131rga ve tsunami gibi dramatik hava olaylar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6rsek de kurakl\u0131k genellikle daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir profile sahip.\u00a0 Ancak ge\u00e7en y\u0131l Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler (BM) raporunda da belirtildi\u011fi gibi bu ciddi ve acil bir sorun.<\/p>\n

\"\"2023 K\u00fcresel Kurakl\u0131k Anl\u0131k G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc<\/a>, BM\u2019nin \u00c7\u00f6lle\u015fmeyle M\u00fccadele Anla\u015fmas\u0131 (UNCCD<\/a>) kapsam\u0131nda sunuldu ve kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n neden olabilece\u011fi \u201csessiz y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131\u201d vurgulad\u0131[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Rapor, 101 \u00fclkeden elde edilen verilere dayanarak, k\u00fcresel \u00e7apta 1,84 milyar insan\u0131n kurak b\u00f6lgelerde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n %4,7\u2019sinin \u015fiddetli veya a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kurakl\u0131\u011fa maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.\u00a0 2022 veya 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurakl\u0131k nedeniyle acil durum ilan eden \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri, Hindistan, \u00c7in ve Endonezya yer ald\u0131.\u00a0 Ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir\u00e7ok yerinde bu sorun daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fiyor.\u00a0 Avrupa, 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u015fimdiye kadarki en s\u0131cak yaz d\u00f6nemini ya\u015fad\u0131.\u00a0 Sonu\u00e7 olarak, 2000 ile 2022 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda tan\u0131k olunan y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama 167.000 km2<\/sup> kurak alan ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, k\u0131tan\u0131n 630.000 km2<\/sup>\u2019lik k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n kurakl\u0131ktan etkilenmesiyle \u015fimdiye kadarki en b\u00fcy\u00fck kurakl\u0131k rekoruna ula\u015f\u0131ld\u0131[2]<\/a>.\u00a0 Bu arada, \u00c7in\u2019in baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde orta, \u015fiddetli ve ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc kurakl\u0131klar\u0131n s\u00fcresinin bu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonuna kadar iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 bekleniyor ve kurakl\u0131k yo\u011funlu\u011fu %80\u2019den fazla artacak.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Rapor, kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n etkisinin acil su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7ti\u011fini, topluluklar\u0131 ve ekosistemleri \u201cbirbirine ba\u011fl\u0131 yayg\u0131n bir y\u0131k\u0131m a\u011f\u0131nda\u201d yuttu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koymaktad\u0131r.\u00a0 G\u0131da k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan fiyatlar\u0131n artmas\u0131na ve sevkiyat\u0131n aksamas\u0131na kadar de\u011fi\u015fen zincirleme etkiler, kurakl\u0131ktan kaynaklanan y\u0131ll\u0131k milyarlarca dolar olarak tahmin edilen k\u00fcresel ekonomik kay\u0131plara neden oluyor[4]<\/a>.\u00a0 \u00c7at\u0131\u015fma ve zorla g\u00f6\u00e7 gibi sorunlara da neden olan kurakl\u0131k, daha fazla aksama ve ac\u0131ya yol a\u00e7abilir.\u00a0 UNCCD\u2019nin idari sekreteri \u0130brahim Thiaw\u2019\u0131n da dedi\u011fi gibi, kurakl\u0131k \u201cekosistemler, ekonomiler ve insan ya\u015famlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde neden oldu\u011fu geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla bildi\u011fimiz tek ya\u015fanabilir gezegeni sessizce yok ediyor\u201d[5]<\/a>.\u00a0 Bu sorunu anlamak ve ele almak a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a acil bir k\u00fcresel \u00f6nceliktir.<\/p>\n

Rekor seviyeler<\/h2>\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir\u00e7ok yerinde son zamanda ya\u015fanan kurakl\u0131klar rekor seviyelere ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0 \u015eubat 2024\u2019te, Katalonya \u201cg\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar kaydedilen en kurak d\u00f6nemi\u201d[6]<\/a> ya\u015fad\u0131. 200 kasaba ve \u015fehirde alt\u0131 milyondan fazla Katalan kurakl\u0131ktan etkilendi ve b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131kamalar\u0131 ve bo\u015f y\u00fczme havuzlar\u0131n\u0131 doldurmalar\u0131 yasakland\u0131[7]<\/a>.\u00a0 Bu y\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda kurakl\u0131klar Akdeniz b\u00f6lgesinin di\u011fer pek \u00e7ok b\u00f6lgesini de etkiledi ve g\u00fcney \u0130spanya ve Sicilya gibi yerlerde su rezervlerinin azalmas\u0131 sorununun \u00fcstesinden gelmek i\u00e7in su kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131s\u0131tlanmas\u0131na neden oldu.\u00a0 Fas\u2019ta yollar\u0131n temizlenmesi, parklar\u0131n ve baz\u0131 tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131n\u0131n sulanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in su kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 yasaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0 Bir Avrupa Komisyonu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda, \u00fclkenin rezervlerindeki su miktar\u0131n\u0131n kritik seviyelere d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve barajlar\u0131n ortalama doluluk oran\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rtte birin alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu tespit edilmi\u015ftir.[8]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bu s\u0131rada, kuzey Kenya, Etiyopya ve Somali \u015fu anda dokuz milyon hayvan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ve d\u00f6rt milyon ki\u015finin akut g\u0131da g\u00fcvensizli\u011fiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmas\u0131na neden olan \u015fimdiye kadar g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f en \u015fiddetli ve rekor d\u00fczeydeki kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131yor.\u00a0 Bu etki, Do\u011fu Afrika\u2019y\u0131 \u201cinsani bir felaketin e\u015fi\u011fine getirdi\u201d. Uluslararas\u0131 Kurtarma Komitesi\u2019nin bir temsilcisi The Times<\/em> gazetesine milyonlarca insan\u0131n yetersiz beslenme, yer de\u011fi\u015ftirme ve su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi etkilerle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.[9]<\/a><\/p>\n

Amazon ya\u011fmur orman\u0131 da rekor d\u00fczeydeki en k\u00f6t\u00fc kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131yor.\u00a0 Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l yap\u0131lan bir Avrupa Komisyonu raporunda, ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00fczerinde bir dizi s\u0131cak hava dalgas\u0131 ve bir ya\u011fmur k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n, nehir debisindeki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fler ve bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc \u00fczerindeki stres gibi etkilere katk\u0131da bulundu\u011fu ve bunun da yerel ge\u00e7im kaynaklar\u0131na ve biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi tehlikeye att\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir[10]<\/a>.\u00a0 D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck su seviyeleri, mahsullerde verimsizli\u011fin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra teknelerin suda ilerlemekte zorlanarak topluluklar\u0131n temel mal ve hizmetlere ula\u015famamas\u0131na neden olabilece\u011fi ve yerel ekonomileri bozabilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir[11]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin etkisi<\/h2>\n

Birbirinden farkl\u0131 bu co\u011frafyalarda ve ba\u015fka yerlerde, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin tarihte g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f derecede \u015fiddetli kurakl\u0131klara katk\u0131da bulundu\u011funa dair daha fazla kan\u0131t ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.\u00a0 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda World Weather Attribution (WWA) uluslararas\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131 grubunun yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, insan kaynakl\u0131 iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin Avrupa\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fclen en s\u0131cak yaz rekoru da dahil olmak \u00fczere kuzey yar\u0131m k\u00fcrenin pek \u00e7ok b\u00f6lgesinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen kurakl\u0131k ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fma ihtimalini en az 20 kat daha fazla art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edilmi\u015ftir[12]<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda, iki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma d\u00fcnyan\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00f6lgeleri hakk\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir sonu\u00e7lara ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0 WWA\u2019dan bilim insanlar\u0131, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin Do\u011fu Afrika\u2019daki mevcut kurakl\u0131k gibi olaylar\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 kat daha olas\u0131 hale getirdi\u011fini ve bunun \u201ctemkinli bir tahmin\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi.\u00a0 Ve bu y\u0131l ayn\u0131 grup, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin Amazon havzas\u0131ndaki ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u201cana itici g\u00fcc\u00fc\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yledi.\u00a0 El Ni\u00f1o hava olay\u0131 da b\u00f6lgedeki kurakl\u0131\u011fa katk\u0131da bulunurken, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar mevcut ko\u015fullar\u0131n \u015fiddetinin \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n

\"\"
MSWEP ve MSWX veri setleri kullan\u0131larak hesaplanan ABD Kurakl\u0131k \u0130zleme sistemi ile kategorize edilen Amazon Nehri Havzas\u0131 (mavi renkli) boyunca 6 ayl\u0131k SPEI endeksi, Haziran-Kas\u0131m 2023.
G\u00f6rsel Kredisi: \u00a9 worldweatherattribution.org<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin kurakl\u0131k \u00fczerindeki etkisini tart\u0131\u015fan WWA, meteorolojik bir kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ile karakterize edilmesine ra\u011fmen, tar\u0131msal kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda artan evapotranspirasyonun etkisine, yani daha y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klar nedeniyle ayn\u0131 anda g\u00f6r\u00fclen su buharla\u015fmas\u0131na ve bitkilerin terlemesine ba\u011fl\u0131 fakt\u00f6rler olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma nedeniyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan daha y\u00fcksek evapotranspirasyon, kurakl\u0131k etkilerinin \u015fiddetlenmesinde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynayabilir.<\/p>\n

WWA, insan kaynakl\u0131 iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin Amazon s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda meteorolojik kurakl\u0131k olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 10 kat art\u0131r\u0131rken, tar\u0131msal kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 kat daha olas\u0131 hale getirdi\u011fi sonucuna varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Grup ayr\u0131ca, d\u00fcnyada iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle m\u00fccadele etmek i\u00e7in ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece bu t\u00fcr olaylar\u0131n daha da yayg\u0131nla\u015faca\u011f\u0131 konusunda uyar\u0131da bulunuyor.\u00a0 Sanayile\u015fme \u00f6ncesi d\u00f6nemden 2\u00b0C daha s\u0131cak bir d\u00fcnyada, bunun gibi bir olay\u0131n tar\u0131msal bir kurakl\u0131k olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rt kat ve meteorolojik kurakl\u0131k olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ise \u00fc\u00e7 kat daha fazla olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

WWA\u2019n\u0131n ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin kurakl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015fa katk\u0131da bulundu\u011funa dair artan bir fikir birli\u011fini g\u00f6steren di\u011fer ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarla da uyumludur.\u00a0 NASA taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen ge\u00e7en y\u0131l ABD\u2019de yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hem b\u00fcy\u00fck kurakl\u0131klar\u0131n hem de a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015f d\u00f6nemlerinin k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131klara paralel olarak artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymu\u015ftur[14]<\/a>.\u00a0 \u00d6rne\u011fin, 2015 ve 2021 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki d\u00f6nemden \u00f6nceki 13 y\u0131lda her y\u0131l \u00fc\u00e7 kez ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 ve kurak d\u00f6nemler belirtilen bu d\u00f6nem i\u00e7erisinde y\u0131lda d\u00f6rt kez meydana gelmi\u015ftir.\u00a0 Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, \u201ca\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hava olaylar\u0131n\u0131n toplam yo\u011funlu\u011fu global ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131kla g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde ili\u015fkiliydi… bu da gezegenin \u0131s\u0131nmaya devam etmesinin daha s\u0131k, daha \u015fiddetli, daha uzun ve\/veya daha b\u00fcy\u00fck kurakl\u0131klara ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ya\u011f\u0131\u015flara neden olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir\u201d sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0 NASA, kurak d\u00f6nemlerde daha s\u0131cak olan havan\u0131n D\u00fcnya y\u00fczeyinden daha fazla nemin buharla\u015fmas\u0131na neden olmas\u0131 nedeniyle bulgular\u0131n mant\u0131kl\u0131 oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor; s\u0131cak hava ayr\u0131ca \u015fiddetli kar ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve ya\u011fmur olaylar\u0131n\u0131 beslemeyecek \u015fekilde daha fazla nem tutabilir<\/p>\n

Kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n etkileri \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde durumu k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015ftirebilir.\u00a0 Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k\u2019taki Met Office, artan buharla\u015fma nedeniyle toprak kuruduk\u00e7a, \u0131s\u0131 dalgas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerindeki havay\u0131 nas\u0131l daha da fazla hale getirebilece\u011fini ve bunun da daha fazla buharla\u015fmaya yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fini vurguluyor[15]<\/a>.\u00a0 ABD merkezli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015fu C2ES, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin de sulak d\u00f6nemlerin zamanlamas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fini belirtiyor.\u00a0 K\u0131\u015f\u0131n daha s\u0131cak olan hava kuzey yar\u0131m k\u00fcrede kar ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n daha az olmas\u0131na neden olur ve bu da ya\u011fmurda buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen bir art\u0131\u015f olsa bile bir sorun do\u011furabilir.\u00a0 Bir\u00e7ok su sistemi, su kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak ilkbaharda eriyen karlara g\u00fcvenir, bu nedenle artan s\u0131cakl\u0131klar mevcut dengeyi bozabilir.\u00a0 Dahas\u0131 C2ES, kar\u0131n yans\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 bir y\u00fczey g\u00f6revi g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve bu nedenle yer y\u00fczeyinde daha az kar olmas\u0131n\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek y\u00fczey s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131na yol a\u00e7arak kurakl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 daha da art\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin kurakl\u0131k \u00fczerindeki etkisi karma\u015f\u0131k olsa da sorunu daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015ftirdi\u011fi konusunda \u00e7ok az \u015f\u00fcphe vard\u0131r.\u00a0 H\u00fck\u00fcmetler Aras\u0131 \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Panelinin (IPCC<\/a>) alt\u0131nc\u0131 de\u011ferlendirme raporu, 21. Y\u00fczy\u0131l boyunca \u201ckurakl\u0131\u011fa maruz kalan toplam arazi alan\u0131 artacak ve kurakl\u0131klar daha s\u0131k ve \u015fiddetli hale gelecek\u201d ifadesinin do\u011frulu\u011funa y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde g\u00fcven duyuldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.[16]<\/a>\u00a0 NASA, y\u00fcksek emisyon senaryolar\u0131nda, \u201ckurakl\u0131\u011fa e\u011filimli alanlar, kal\u0131c\u0131 mega-kurakl\u0131k s\u00fcrecine girebilir\u201d diyor.\u00a0 Ajans, bir\u00e7ok alanda kurak toprak riskinin artabilece\u011fini ve baz\u0131 yerlerde \u201cdaha s\u0131k ve \u015fiddetli orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131\u201d ya\u015fanabilece\u011fini ekliyor.[17]<\/a><\/p>\n

K\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fen kurakl\u0131klar\u0131n etkisi<\/h2>\n

Kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkileri olabilir.\u00a0 Su tedariki azald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, evlerin bunu i\u00e7me, yemek pi\u015firme, sulama ve temizlik gibi ama\u00e7larla kullanma yetene\u011fini s\u0131n\u0131rlar.\u00a0 Ayr\u0131ca, tar\u0131m, enerji ve ula\u015f\u0131m gibi sekt\u00f6rlerde \u00f6nemli bir olumsuz etkiye sahip olabilir ve ayn\u0131 zamanda halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131na neden olabilir[18]<\/a>.\u00a0 Nebraska \u00dcniversitesi Ulusal Kurakl\u0131k Azaltma Merkezi, kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n do\u011frudan ve dolayl\u0131 etki zincirini dominolarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor.\u00a0 \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir \u00e7ift\u00e7inin m\u0131s\u0131r hasad\u0131 verimsiz olursa, bir bayiden yeni bir trakt\u00f6r sat\u0131n almak i\u00e7in yeterli paraya sahip olmayabilir ve bu da para kaybetmesine neden olabilir.\u00a0 Belli bir miktar\u0131n \u00fczerindeki \u00e7ift\u00e7inin m\u0131s\u0131r hasad\u0131 verimsiz olursa, bayi ayn\u0131 say\u0131da ki\u015fiyi istihdam edemeyebilir ve hatta kapanmak zorunda kalabilir, bu da toplumda daha fazla etkiye yol a\u00e7abilir.[19]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ekonomik etkiler<\/h2>\n

Kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ekonomik etkisi vard\u0131r.\u00a0 NASA\u2019ya g\u00f6re, sel ve kurakl\u0131k her y\u0131l ABD\u2019deki a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hava olaylar\u0131n\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu ekonomik kay\u0131plar\u0131n %20\u2019sinden fazlas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.[20]<\/a>\u00a0 En \u00e7ok etkilenen end\u00fcstrilerden biri tar\u0131md\u0131r.\u00a0 ABD h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin Ulusal Okyanus ve Atmosfer \u0130daresi\u2019ne (NOAA) g\u00f6re, ba\u015fl\u0131ca etkiler bitki k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve otlaklar\u0131n kayb\u0131d\u0131r.\u00a0 1980\u2019den bu yana ABD, toplam hasar maliyetlerinin en az 1 milyar ABD Dolar\u0131 oldu\u011fu 26 kurakl\u0131k ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve bu da \u00fclkeye en az 249 milyar ABD Dolar\u0131na (2020 fiyatlar\u0131yla) mal olmu\u015ftur[21]<\/a>.\u00a0 Kaliforniya \u00dcniversitesi ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nderli\u011findeki analize g\u00f6re, yaln\u0131zca Kaliforniya eyaletindeki bir kurakl\u0131k, tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde do\u011frudan yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,1 milyar ABD Dolar\u0131 zarara ve yakla\u015f\u0131k tam ve yar\u0131 zamanl\u0131 8.750 istihdam kayb\u0131na neden oldu[22]<\/a>.\u00a0 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda, baz\u0131 G\u00fcney ve Orta Bat\u0131 ABD eyaletlerindeki kurakl\u0131k ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n 14,5 milyar ABD dolar\u0131 maliyeti oldu\u011fu hesaplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[23]<\/a><\/p>\n

Kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7ift\u00e7ilik \u00fczerindeki do\u011frudan etkisi, g\u0131da i\u015fleme \u015firketlerine sa\u011flanan tedarikin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve g\u00fcbre ve \u00e7iftlik i\u015f\u00e7ili\u011fi gibi girdilere olan talebin azalmas\u0131 dahil olmak \u00fczere bir dizi dolayl\u0131 etkiye yol a\u00e7abilir.\u00a0 Kay\u0131plar\u0131n maliyetleri bazen artan fiyatlar yoluyla t\u00fcketicilere yans\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r veya devlet yard\u0131m programlar\u0131 yoluyla azalt\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

NOAA\u2019n\u0131n da vurgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok end\u00fcstriyel sekt\u00f6r de kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ciddi etkilerine maruz kal\u0131yor.\u00a0 \u00dcreticiler suyu \u00fcretim, i\u015fleme, y\u0131kama ve so\u011futma gibi ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131r[24]<\/a>.\u00a0 Su, her t\u00fcrl\u00fc enerjinin \u00fcretiminde de kullan\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0 Hidroelektrik g\u00fc\u00e7 \u00fcretimi, \u00f6rne\u011fin daha y\u00fcksek su seviyeleriyle daha verimli olurken, termal g\u00fc\u00e7 \u00fcretimi (k\u00f6m\u00fcr ve gazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan tesisler dahil) buhar \u00fcretmek ve so\u011futmak i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda suya ihtiya\u00e7 duyar.<\/p>\n

Bu t\u00fcr kurakl\u0131klar\u0131n ulusal ekonomiler \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir etkisi olabilir.\u00a0 Avrupa Komisyonu, kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u015fu anda AB \u00fcye devletlerine ve Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k\u2019a y\u0131ll\u0131k 9 milyar Euro maliyeti oldu\u011funu ve \u0130spanya, \u0130talya ve Fransa\u2019n\u0131n her birinde bu rakam\u0131n 1 milyar Euro\u2019yu a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor[25]<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0 Bu etki genellikle daha fakir \u00fclkelerde daha \u015fiddetlidir.\u00a0 Bir D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 analizi, kurakl\u0131k \u015fokunun olumsuz etkilerinin \u201cgeli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde \u015fiddetli bir \u015fekilde yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131\u201d ortaya koymu\u015ftur[26]<\/sup><\/a>.\u00a0 D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve orta gelirli \u00fclkelerde, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kurakl\u0131k b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 0,85 puan azalt\u0131rken, y\u00fcksek gelirli \u00fclkelerde b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi \u201cgeli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerde hissedilen etkinin yar\u0131s\u0131ndan biraz daha az\u201d oranda azalt\u0131r.[27]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Zambiya\u2019n\u0131n para birimi Kwacha\u2019n\u0131n yo\u011fun bir kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu y\u0131l rekor bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ya\u015famas\u0131, ciddi ekonomik sonu\u00e7lara neden olabilecek kurakl\u0131k potansiyelinin a\u00e7\u0131k bir g\u00f6stergesidir. [28]<\/a><\/p>\n

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Sa\u011fl\u0131k, sosyal ve \u00e7evresel etki<\/h2>\n

Do\u011fu Afrika\u2019da, y\u0131llar s\u00fcren kurakl\u0131ktan kaynaklanan s\u00fcrekli ekonomik y\u0131k\u0131m da sa\u011fl\u0131k ve sosyal sorunlara yol a\u00e7maktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (DS\u00d6), iklimle ilgili felaketlerin etkisinin, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarla birlikte son derece y\u00fcksek a\u00e7l\u0131k seviyelerine ve g\u0131da ve su arayan insanlar\u0131n evlerini terk etmesiyle b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7lere neden oldu\u011funu belirtiyor.\u00a0 Sudan, kuzey Etiyopya ve G\u00fcney Sudan\u2019da artan a\u00e7l\u0131k ile birlikte 45 milyondan fazla insan yo\u011fum bir g\u0131da g\u00fcvensizli\u011fi ya\u015f\u0131yor.\u00a0 DS\u00d6, Haziran 2024\u2019e kadar be\u015f ya\u015f\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki 10,8 milyon \u00e7ocu\u011fun akut yetersiz beslenme ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmas\u0131n\u0131 bekliyor ve kolera, s\u0131tma ve k\u0131zam\u0131k dahil olmak \u00fczere hastal\u0131k salg\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki bir \u201cani art\u0131\u015f\u201d durumunun \u015fiddetli iklim olaylar\u0131 ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ile do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olabilece\u011fini belirtiyor.<\/p>\n

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Kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00fczerindeki etkisini tart\u0131\u015fan DS\u00d6, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli g\u00f6\u00e7lere genellikle hijyen ve sanitasyonda sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n e\u015flik etti\u011fini ve beslenme yetersizliklerinin \u00f6zellikle \u00e7ocuklar olmak \u00fczere insanlar\u0131 hastal\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 daha savunmas\u0131z hale getirebilece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor.[29]<\/a><\/p>\n

Kurakl\u0131\u011fa ba\u011fl\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 daha zengin \u00fclkelerde de bir sorun olabilir.\u00a0 ABD\u2019de, Hastal\u0131k Kontrol ve \u00d6nleme Merkezleri (CDC), kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n su kirlili\u011fini art\u0131rmak, hayvan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 etkilemek ve sanitasyonun daha zor hale gelmesi gibi bir\u00e7ok ve geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k etkileri oldu\u011funu belirtiyor[30]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7evre ve biyo\u00e7e\u015fitlilik \u00fczerinde habitatlar\u0131 yok etme, g\u00f6\u00e7lere neden olma veya hastal\u0131klar\u0131 art\u0131rma gibi \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli yollarla b\u00fcy\u00fck bir etkisi olabilir[31]<\/a>[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n risklerini ve etkisini ele alma<\/h2>\n

Genel olarak iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle m\u00fccadele etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak, kurakl\u0131k sorununu a\u015fmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.\u00a0 Ancak ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, odaklanm\u0131\u015f eylemler \u00fclkelerin kurakl\u0131k i\u00e7in haz\u0131rl\u0131k yapmalar\u0131na ve bunlarla daha etkili bir \u015fekilde ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.\u00a0 UNCCD, \u00fclkeleri kurakl\u0131k risklerini y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in \u201cproaktif, koordineli ve b\u00fct\u00fcnsel\u201d yakla\u015f\u0131mlar benimsemeye te\u015fvik ediyor.\u00a0 Pek \u00e7ok \u00fclke kurakl\u0131kla m\u00fccadelede yaln\u0131zca kriz y\u00f6netimine g\u00fcvense de bu kurulu\u015f, etkileri azaltmak ve \u00fcstesinden gelmek i\u00e7in erken aksiyon alman\u0131n hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor.\u00a0 Bu konvansiyon, izleme ve erken uyar\u0131 sistemleri, k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131k ve etki de\u011ferlendirmeleri ve bir dizi hafifletme \u00f6nlemi dahil olmak \u00fczere \u201ckurakl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 ak\u0131ll\u0131\u201d yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 uygulamak i\u00e7in 70 \u00fclke ile birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.[33]<\/a><\/p>\n

UNCDD taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flanan bir ara\u00e7, \u00fclkelerin kullanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bu kategorilerin her birindeki kaynaklar\u0131 bir araya getirir.\u00a0 \u00d6rne\u011fin, Digital Earth Africa platformu, izleme ve erken uyar\u0131 i\u00e7in karar vericilerin arazi kullan\u0131m\u0131, tar\u0131m ve k\u0131y\u0131 erozyonunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra sel ve kurakl\u0131k gibi sorunlar\u0131 y\u00f6netmelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 iklimsel veriler sa\u011flar[34]<\/a>.\u00a0 Buna, zaman i\u00e7inde su mevcudiyetindeki de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in onlarca y\u0131ll\u0131k uydu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclerinden yararlanan k\u0131ta \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir giri\u015fim olan Uzaydan Su G\u00f6zlemleri (Water Observations from Space) de dahildir.\u00a0 Tanzanya\u2019daki yetkililer, g\u00f6l\u00fc ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 topluluklar\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in politika geli\u015ftirmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla Sulunga G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019ndeki su seviyelerini izlemek i\u00e7in Digital Earth Africa\u2019dan gelen bu ve di\u011fer verileri kulland\u0131.[35]<\/a><\/p>\n

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WOfS\u2019den al\u0131nan bir resimde Nijer Deltas\u0131\u2019ndaki su g\u00f6sterilmektedir. Kaynak: Digital Earth Africa<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u00dclkeler kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n etkisini azaltmak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli pratik yakla\u015f\u0131mlar kullanmaktad\u0131r. UNCCD, bunlar\u0131n kurakl\u0131\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bitkileri ke\u015ffetmeyi, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir sulama planlar\u0131 geli\u015ftirmeyi ve su hasad\u0131 i\u00e7in giri\u015fimler olu\u015fturmay\u0131 i\u00e7erebilece\u011fini belirtiyor.\u00a0 \u00d6rne\u011fin Kenya[36]<\/a> ve Esvatini[37]<\/a> gibi \u00fclkelerde baz\u0131 k\u0131rsal kesimler kum barajlar\u0131 in\u015fa ediyor.\u00a0 Bu teknik, ya\u011fmurlu mevsimlerde akan kumlu nehirler boyunca beton bir duvar in\u015fa etmeyi i\u00e7erir.\u00a0 \u00c7\u00f6kelti, duvar\u0131n arkas\u0131nda birikerek kuru mevsimde s\u0131\u011f kuyular veya kaynak y\u00f6n\u00fcnde kaz\u0131lan \u00e7ukurlardan eri\u015filebilen suyu depolar.\u00a0 Kum baraj\u0131 ayr\u0131ca \u00e7evredeki su tabakas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckselterek mahsuller i\u00e7in daha iyi topraklar ve hayvanlar i\u00e7in otlaklar sa\u011flar[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Di\u011fer yakla\u015f\u0131mlar, suyun daha kolay yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 ve ya\u011fmur ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etmek i\u00e7in mevcut bulutlara g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f iyod\u00fcr gibi bir maddenin u\u00e7ak taraf\u0131ndan enjekte edilmesini i\u00e7eren bulut tohumlamas\u0131 gibi teknolojik yeniliklere daha fazla ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131d\u0131r[39]<\/a>.\u00a0 Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m ilk olarak 1940\u2019larda denenmi\u015f olsa da \u015fu anda politika yap\u0131c\u0131lar aras\u0131nda gittik\u00e7e daha fazla ilgi g\u00f6r\u00fcyor[40]<\/a>.\u00a0 BAE [41]<\/a>her y\u0131l y\u00fczlerce bulut tohumu g\u00f6revi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriyor ve bu tekni\u011fin ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131 %25\u2019e kadar art\u0131rabilece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor ve son y\u0131llarda bir dizi ABD eyaleti de bu programlar\u0131 geni\u015fletti.[42]<\/a>\u00a0 Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k\u2019taki Sheffield \u00dcniversitesi\u2019ndekiler gibi bir\u00e7ok bilim insan\u0131, kurakl\u0131\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bitkilerin nas\u0131l tasarlanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bu ki\u015filer, tuzlu suyu daha iyi tolere etmek i\u00e7in pirinci genetik olarak modifiye etmenin, pirincin daha fazla yerde yeti\u015ftirilebilmesine olanak tan\u0131yabilece\u011fini belirtiyor[43]<\/a>.\u00a0 Kurakl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bir bu\u011fday \u00e7e\u015fidi olan HB4\u2019\u00fcn Arjantin ve Brezilya\u2019da daha fazla alana ekilerek ticarile\u015ftirilmesi ve yeti\u015ftirilmesi zaten onaylanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[44]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcnc\u00fcl yan\u0131tlar<\/h2>\n

UNCCD\u2019nin K\u00fcresel Kurakl\u0131k Anl\u0131k G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fc, etkin bir yan\u0131t\u0131n kritik bile\u015fenleri olarak \u00e7evre restorasyonu, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir tar\u0131m uygulamalar\u0131 ve verimli su y\u00f6netimi gibi yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 vurgular[45]<\/a>.\u00a0 A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131, kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ele alman\u0131n bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 yolu vard\u0131r ve bireylerin, topluluklar\u0131n, kurumlar\u0131n ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin hepsinin bir rol\u00fc vard\u0131r.\u00a0 Bu karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, t\u00fcm unsurlar\u0131 bir araya getirmek i\u00e7in yerel, ulusal ve uluslararas\u0131 d\u00fczeyde liderlik temel bir gerekliliktir.\u00a0 Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 dayan\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 te\u015fvik etmek ve ivme kazand\u0131rmak i\u00e7in i\u015f birli\u011fi de hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu ba\u011flamda, 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda Uluslararas\u0131 Kurakl\u0131k Direnci \u0130ttifak\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kurulmu\u015f olmas\u0131 son derece te\u015fvik edicidir.\u00a0 \u0130spanya ve Senegal ba\u015fkanlar\u0131n\u0131n ortak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bu giri\u015fim, \u015fu anda birbirinden \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 ko\u015fullara sahip 36 \u00fclkeyi ve 28 destekleyici kurumu i\u00e7ermektedir.\u00a0 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u0130spanya ba\u015fkan\u0131 ve ittifak\u0131n e\u015f ba\u015fkan\u0131 Pedro S\u00e1nchez, IDRA\u2019n\u0131n ilk y\u0131l\u0131ndaki ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6vd\u00fc. Bunlar aras\u0131nda siyasi destek olu\u015fturmak, yeni projeler i\u00e7in ortak bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve geli\u015ftirmek, bilgi payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rmak ve yeni finansman mekanizmalar\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek yer ald\u0131[46]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n

Jameel \u00c7evre Hizmetleri<\/a>\u2019nin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan Almar Water Solutions<\/a>, yerel topluluklar\u0131n kurakl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in d\u00fcnya genelinde \u00e7ok say\u0131da giri\u015fimin \u00f6n saflar\u0131nda yer almaktad\u0131r. 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan Almar Water Solutions; Avrupa, Orta Do\u011fu, G\u00fcney Amerika, Afrika ve Asya-Pasifik\u2019te s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir su altyap\u0131s\u0131 projelerinden olu\u015fan bir portf\u00f6y\u00fc y\u00f6netmektedir.<\/p>\n

Suudi Arabistan\u2019daki Shuqaiq 3<\/a> Deniz Suyu Ters Ozmoz (SWRO) tesisi, 2023 Global Su End\u00fcstrisi \u00d6d\u00fclleri\u2019nde \u201cY\u0131l\u0131n Tuzdan Ar\u0131nd\u0131rma Tesisi\u201d unvan\u0131n\u0131 kazand\u0131. Shuqaiq 3\u2019teki in\u015faat \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, zorlu ko\u015fullara ra\u011fmen rekor bir s\u00fcrede Ocak 2023\u2019te tamamland\u0131 COVID-19\u2019un etkileri.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Shuqaiq 3 IWP\u2019deki Ters Ozmoz binas\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde. Foto\u011fraf Sahibi: \u00a9 Almar Water Solutions.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Suudi Arabistan\u2019daki en b\u00fcy\u00fck SWRO tesislerinden biri olup Asir ve Cizan b\u00f6lgelerinde yakla\u015f\u0131k iki milyon insana tedarik sa\u011flayabilir.\u00a0 Halihaz\u0131rda tam kapasitede su \u00fcreten bu tesis, g\u00fcnde 450.000 metrek\u00fcp i\u00e7me suyu \u00fcreterek s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ve yenilik\u00e7i tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rmada bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 haline geldi.<\/p>\n

Almar Water Solutions, Bahreyn b\u00f6lgesinde bulunan ve ar\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f suyu y\u00fcksek kalitede geri kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f suya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren 100.000 m3<\/sup>\/g\u00fcn kapasiteli son teknoloji Muharraq<\/a> at\u0131k su ar\u0131tma tesisini i\u015fletmektedir.\u00a0 Muharraq\u2019\u0131n altyap\u0131s\u0131, K\u00f6rfez b\u00f6lgesindeki ilk 16,5 km derin yer \u00e7ekimi kanalizasyon santrali boru hatt\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bir at\u0131k su toplama a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Bahreyn\u2019deki Muharraq At\u0131k Su Ar\u0131tma Tesisindeki kontrol odas\u0131. Foto\u011fraf Sahibi: \u00a9 Almar Water Solutions.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Avrupa\u2019daki bir ba\u015fka Abdul Latif Jameel orta\u011f\u0131 da, suyu ak\u0131ll\u0131 verilere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan ve nihai olarak verimlili\u011fi art\u0131rmaya ve hayati do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131 kurtarmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan \u0130spanyol teknoloji firmas\u0131 Datakorum<\/a>\u2019dur.\u00a0 Datakorum, Abu Dabi\u2019de emirli\u011fin su altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n<\/a> dijital d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc y\u00f6nlendirmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyor. Datakorum, be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme kapsam\u0131nda son kullan\u0131c\u0131lar, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m saya\u00e7lar\u0131 ve geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm altyap\u0131s\u0131 aras\u0131nda kesintisiz ba\u011flant\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in 5G a\u011f ge\u00e7itleri sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Antofagasta Minerals, Almar Water Solutions\u2019\u0131n orta\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu bir konsorsiyum ve Transelec daha yak\u0131n bir tarihte Centinela madencilik operasyonlar i\u00e7in bir su ta\u015f\u0131ma sistemi anla\u015fmas\u0131 yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu<\/a>.\u00a0 Yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,5 milyar ABD dolar\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131ma sahip olan bu giri\u015fim, Kuzey \u015eili\u2019nin Centinela kentindeki operasyonlar\u0131 geni\u015fletmek i\u00e7in tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f deniz suyu sa\u011flamak \u00fczere ikinci bir boru hatt\u0131n\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131 ile birlikte mevcut boru hatt\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirerek mevcut deniz suyu tedarikini iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karacak.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"
Abdul Latif Jameel Ba\u015fkan Vekili ve Y\u00f6netim Kurulu Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131
Fady Jameel, COP28\u2019de konu\u015fuyor. Foto\u011fraf Sahibi \u00a9 Community Jameel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Abdul Latif Jameel Y\u00f6netim Kurulu Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 Fady Jameel, \u201cBu ve bunun gibi giri\u015fimler, vizyonu pratik eylemle birle\u015ftirerek, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki on y\u0131llarda kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalaca\u011f\u0131 kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n zorluklar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layabilece\u011fine dair umut veriyor.\u201d<\/em> diyor.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u0130ster do\u011frudan deneyimleyelim ister toplum ve ekonomi ile ili\u015fkili etkileriyle deneyimleyelim, su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hepimizi etkileyecektir.\u00a0 Kurakl\u0131k hi\u00e7bir s\u0131n\u0131r tan\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin, \u015firketlerin, yenilik\u00e7ilerin ve topluluklar\u0131n kurakl\u0131k risklerini ele almak ve gezegenimiz ve halk\u0131 i\u00e7in sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 en aza indirmek amac\u0131yla birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.unccd.int\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-12\/Global%20drought%20snapshot%202023.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.eea.europa.eu\/data-and-maps\/data\/data-viewers\/drought-impact-on-ecosystems-in<\/a><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.unccd.int\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-12\/Global%20drought%20snapshot%202023.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.unccd.int\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-12\/Global%20drought%20snapshot%202023.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.unccd.int\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-12\/Global%20drought%20snapshot%202023.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2024\/2\/6\/worst-drought-recorded-hits-spains-catalonia-sparking-fears-and-ingenuity<\/a><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-europe-68167942<\/a><\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu\/jrc-news-and-updates\/prolonged-drought-and-record-temperatures-have-critical-impact-mediterranean-2024-02-20_en<\/a><\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thetimes.co.uk\/article\/kenyan-herders-on-the-edge-after-record-drought-tpchqwtvr<\/a><\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu\/jrc-news-and-updates\/record-temperatures-and-heatwaves-bring-unprecedented-drought-amazon-basin-2023-12-20_en<\/a><\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/world-latin-america-67751685<\/a><\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.imperial.ac.uk\/news\/240391\/droughts-northern-hemisphere-made-20-times\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldweatherattribution.org\/climate-change-not-el-nino-main-driver-of-exceptional-drought-in-highly-vulnerable-amazon-river-basin\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers-and-facilities\/goddard\/warming-makes-droughts-extreme-wet-events-more-frequent-intense\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.metoffice.gov.uk\/research\/climate\/understanding-climate\/uk-and-global-extreme-events-drought<\/a><\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/report.ipcc.ch\/ar6\/wg1\/IPCC_AR6_WGI_FullReport.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/climate.nasa.gov\/news\/3117\/drought-makes-its-home-on-the-range\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.c2es.org\/content\/drought-and-climate-change\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/drought.unl.edu\/Education\/DroughtforKids\/DroughtEffects.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nasa.gov\/centers-and-facilities\/goddard\/warming-makes-droughts-extreme-wet-events-more-frequent-intense\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.drought.gov\/news\/high-cost-drought<\/a><\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/news.ucmerced.edu\/news\/2022\/last-year\u2019s-drought-cost-ag-industry-more-1-billion-thousands-jobs-new-analysis-shows<\/a><\/p>\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.climate.gov\/news-features\/blogs\/beyond-data\/2023-historic-year-us-billion-dollar-weather-and-climate-disasters<\/a><\/p>\n

[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.drought.gov\/sectors\/manufacturing<\/a><\/p>\n

[25]<\/a> https:\/\/joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu\/system\/files\/2020-09\/07_pesetaiv_droughts_sc_august2020_en.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[26]<\/a> https:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/en\/publication\/documents-reports\/documentdetail\/099640306142317412\/idu03b9849a60d86404b600bc480bef6082a760a<\/a><\/p>\n

[27]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/news\/immersive-story\/2023\/09\/12\/droughts-and-deficits-the-global-impacts<\/a><\/p>\n

[28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/currencies\/zambias-kwacha-hits-record-low-against-us-dollar-2024-05-08\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/situations\/drought-food-insecurity-greater-horn-of-africa<\/a><\/p>\n

[30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nceh\/drought\/implications.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

[31]<\/a> https:\/\/drought.unl.edu\/Education\/DroughtforKids\/DroughtEffects.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n

[32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ceh.ac.uk\/news-and-media\/blogs\/impacts-drought-water-quality-and-wildlife<\/a><\/p>\n

[33]<\/a> https:\/\/www.unccd.int\/land-and-life\/drought\/overview<\/a><\/p>\n

[34]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalearthafrica.org<\/a><\/p>\n

[35]<\/a> https:\/\/www.digitalearthafrica.org\/why-digital-earth-africa\/impact-stories\/using-satellite-data-combat-drought-monitoring-lake-sulunga<\/a><\/p>\n

[36]<\/a> https:\/\/www.voanews.com\/a\/to-make-water-last-kenyans-build-sand-dams-\/7541535.html<\/a><\/p>\n

[37]<\/a> https:\/\/unfccc.int\/climate-action\/momentum-for-change\/activity-database\/momentum-for-change-sand-dams-a-sustainable-solution-for-water-scarce-regions<\/a><\/p>\n

[38]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sanddamsworldwide.org.uk\/what-is-a-sand-dam<\/a><\/p>\n

[39]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/science-environment-68839043<\/a><\/p>\n

[40]<\/a> https:\/\/thebulletin.org\/2022\/08\/dodging-silver-bullets-how-cloud-seeding-could-go-wrong\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[41]<\/a> https:\/\/english.alarabiya.net\/News\/gulf\/2024\/01\/18\/UAE-to-carry-out-hundreds-of-cloud-seeding-missions-in-2024-to-tackle-water-scarcity<\/a><\/p>\n

[42]<\/a> https:\/\/e360.yale.edu\/features\/can-cloud-seeding-help-quench-the-thirst-of-the-u.s.-west<\/a><\/p>\n

[43]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sheffield.ac.uk\/news\/genetically-modified-rice-could-be-key-tackling-food-shortages-caused-climate-change<\/a><\/p>\n

[44]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/commodities\/argentinas-bioceres-expand-gmo-wheat-sales-via-seed-marketers-2023-05-11\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[45]<\/a> https:\/\/www.unccd.int\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-12\/Global%20drought%20snapshot%202023.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[46]<\/a> https:\/\/enb.iisd.org\/events\/awareness-action-united-drought-resilience-changing-climate-unccd-1dec2023<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":121911,"template":"","tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nKurakl\u0131kla Ba\u015fa \u00c7\u0131kmak | Abdul Latif Jameel\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"K\u00fcresel kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n nas\u0131l yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, iklim \u00fczerindeki etkisini ve Abdul Latif Jameel'in \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti\u011fi yenilik\u00e7i \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri ke\u015ffedin. Daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 okuyun.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/alj.com\/tr\/perspective\/dealing-with-drought\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kurakl\u0131kla Ba\u015fa \u00c7\u0131kmak | Abdul Latif Jameel\u00ae\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"K\u00fcresel kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n nas\u0131l yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, iklim \u00fczerindeki etkisini ve Abdul Latif Jameel'in \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti\u011fi yenilik\u00e7i \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri ke\u015ffedin. 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