{"id":124381,"date":"2025-10-02T06:42:13","date_gmt":"2025-10-02T06:42:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alj.com\/perspective\/eu-sets-course-for-calmer-waste-waters\/"},"modified":"2026-01-09T06:43:54","modified_gmt":"2026-01-09T06:43:54","slug":"eu-sets-course-for-calmer-waste-waters","status":"publish","type":"perspective","link":"https:\/\/alj.com\/tr\/perspective\/eu-sets-course-for-calmer-waste-waters\/","title":{"rendered":"AB daha sakin (at\u0131k) sular i\u00e7in yol belirliyor"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u00fcnya, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve h\u0131zl\u0131 kentle\u015fme ile g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e \u015fiddetlenen su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 zorluklar\u0131yla m\u00fccadele ederken, at\u0131k suyun daha y\u00fcksek bir oranda yeniden kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etme ihtiyac\u0131 giderek daha \u00f6nemli hale gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bir zamanlar yaln\u0131zca bir yan \u00fcr\u00fcn olarak kabul edilen at\u0131k su, su stresini hafifletebilecek ve \u00f6zellikle su taleplerinin y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu ve y\u00fckseldi\u011fi kentsel alanlarda daha s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ve d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel bir su y\u00f6netimi yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunabilecek de\u011ferli bir kaynak olarak muazzam bir potansiyele sahiptir.<\/p>\n

Kentsel at\u0131k sular\u0131n etkili ve verimli bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netilmesi, d\u00fcnya genelinde topluluklar ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetler i\u00e7in bir \u00f6nceliktir veya en az\u0131ndan bir \u00f6ncelik olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak bug\u00fcne kadarki ge\u00e7mi\u015f performans\u0131, cesaret verici olmaktan \u00e7ok uzakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"BM \u00c7evre Program\u0131, k\u00fcresel olarak \u00fcretilen tahmini toplam evsel ve end\u00fcstriyel at\u0131k suyun yaln\u0131zca %11\u2019inin \u015fu anda yeniden kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve tahminen %48\u2019inin hala \u00e7evreye ar\u0131t\u0131lmadan sal\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin etmektedir[1]<\/sup><\/a>. AB\u2019de, y\u0131lda en az 1 milyar metrek\u00fcp ar\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kentsel at\u0131k suyun yeniden kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir. Bu tablo umut verici gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de yeniden kullan\u0131m potansiyeli bundan alt\u0131 kat daha y\u00fcksek[2]<\/sup><\/a>, yani AB\u2019deki at\u0131k suyun %80\u2019inden fazlas\u0131 kullan\u0131m faydas\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131lmadan israf ediliyor veya bo\u015falt\u0131l\u0131yor. Kelimenin tam anlam\u0131yla milyarlarca litre su, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir gelecek umudumuzun can damar\u0131, her y\u0131l lavabolar\u0131m\u0131zdan ak\u0131p gidiyor.<\/p>\n

Ar\u0131t\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f at\u0131k suyun \u00e7evreye bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131, taze su kaynaklar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131n\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 hafifletmek i\u00e7in ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lan bir f\u0131rsat olman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00e7evre ve sa\u011fl\u0131k riskleri de olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB) kanun yap\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n Ocak 2024\u2019te AB \u00fcye \u00fclkelerinde kentsel at\u0131k suyun toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve ar\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir yeni kentsel at\u0131k su ar\u0131tma y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi<\/a> i\u00e7in teklifleri kabul etmeleri ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki uygulamalar\u0131n aksine bir ad\u0131md\u0131r. At\u0131k suyun s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir y\u00f6netiminde \u00f6nemli bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131n\u0131 temsil eden bu y\u00f6netmelik, at\u0131k su yoluyla \u00e7evreye yay\u0131lan kirlilik d\u00fczeyini azaltmay\u0131, y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi Avrupa Ye\u015fil Anla\u015fmas\u0131<\/a> hedefleriyle uyumlu hale getirmeyi, sekt\u00f6rde \u00fcretilen ye\u015fil enerji ile t\u00fcketilen enerjinin birbirine e\u015fit oldu\u011fu seviyeye ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in hedefler belirlemeyi ve at\u0131k su y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in sa\u011flam bir y\u00f6netim \u00e7er\u00e7evesi olu\u015fturmay\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u015eu anda AB\u2019nin mevzuat s\u00fcrecinden ge\u00e7en y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin 2024\u2019\u00fcn \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00e7eyre\u011finde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi bekleniyor.[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

At\u0131k su tam olarak nedir?<\/h2>\n

AB\u2019nin at\u0131k su y\u00f6netimini s\u0131k\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki hareketinin arkas\u0131nda, mevcut durumun d\u00fczeltilemez oldu\u011funun ve zaten k\u00f6t\u00fc olan bir durumun k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fmesi risklerinin giderek daha fazla fark\u0131na var\u0131lmas\u0131 yatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Peki at\u0131k su tam olarak nedir ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik i\u00e7in neden bu kadar \u00f6nemlidir?<\/p>\n

\u201cAt\u0131k su\u201d terimi genellikle belediye at\u0131k suyu veya kanalizasyon olarak da bilinen kentsel at\u0131k su anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu, kentsel alanlardaki konut, ticari mesken ve kurumsal kaynaklarda olu\u015fan at\u0131k ak\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. Genellikle bir at\u0131k su ar\u0131tma tesisine ula\u015fmadan \u00f6nce birle\u015fik (hem ya\u011fmur suyu hem de at\u0131k su ta\u015f\u0131yan) veya ayr\u0131 (yaln\u0131zca at\u0131k su ta\u015f\u0131yan) kanalizasyon sistemleri a\u011f\u0131ndan akar.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6rt ana kentsel at\u0131k su t\u00fcr\u00fc vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Evsel at\u0131k su<\/strong>; lavabo, du\u015f, tuvalet, \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r makinesi ve di\u011fer evsel faaliyetlerden gelen su dahil olmak \u00fczere ev ve konut alanlar\u0131nda olu\u015fur.<\/li>\n
  2. Ticari ve kurumsal at\u0131k su<\/strong>; ofis binalar\u0131, okullar, hastaneler, restoranlar ve di\u011fer ticari ve kamusal tesisler gibi kaynaklarda olu\u015fur.<\/li>\n
  3. Hafif sanayi at\u0131k suyu; <\/strong>sanayi at\u0131k sular\u0131 da belediye at\u0131k su sistemine bo\u015falt\u0131labilir.<\/li>\n
  4. Ya\u011fmur suyu ve \u015fehirde yollardan akan su; <\/strong>park alanlar\u0131ndan ve di\u011fer y\u00fczeylerden gelen kentsel su ak\u0131\u015f\u0131, ba\u011fl\u0131 kanalizasyon sistemleri veya drenaj kanallar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla belediye at\u0131k su sistemine de girebilir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    At\u0131k suyun yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6netilmesinin riskleri<\/h2>\n

    Kaynaklar\u0131n verimsiz bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra at\u0131k suyun yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6netilmesi de \u00f6nemli sa\u011fl\u0131k ve \u00e7evre riskleri olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

    Kentsel at\u0131k su genellikle insan d\u0131\u015fk\u0131s\u0131, g\u0131da haz\u0131rlamadan elde edilen ya\u011f, protein, sebze ve \u015feker materyali gibi organik i\u00e7eriklerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra sabun i\u00e7erir. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 suda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcl\u00fcr ve baz\u0131lar\u0131 suda as\u0131l\u0131 kat\u0131 maddeler \u015feklinde ayr\u0131 par\u00e7ac\u0131klar olarak bulunur.<\/p>\n

    Do\u011fal olarak olu\u015fan bakteriler bu organik at\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcketir ve b\u00fcy\u00fcme i\u00e7in bir yak\u0131t olarak kullan\u0131r. Suda bol miktarda oksijenin bulundu\u011fu do\u011fal su ortamlar\u0131nda, aerobik bakteriler organik maddeyi yiyerek yeni bakteri h\u00fccreleri ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f tuz-at\u0131k \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinden olu\u015fan bir \u201cbal\u00e7\u0131k\u201d olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

    Seyreltilmemi\u015f at\u0131k su bozulmadan b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rsa, anaerobik bakteriler organik materyali ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r ve hidrojen s\u00fclfit, metan ve karbon dioksit gibi gazlar\u0131 serbest b\u0131rak\u0131r. Sonunda, sudaki t\u00fcm oksijen t\u00fcketildi\u011finde, anaerobik bakteriler suyu ele ge\u00e7irecek ve su septik hale gelecektir. Bu, bal\u0131klar ve sudaki oksijene ba\u011fl\u0131 di\u011fer ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imleri i\u00e7in zararl\u0131 olup bazen \u201c\u00f6l\u00fc b\u00f6lgeler\u201d olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

    At\u0131k sudaki bakteriler, vir\u00fcsler ve hastal\u0131\u011fa neden olan patojenler plajlar\u0131 kirletebilir ve kabuklu deniz hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131 kirletebilir. \u0130nsan at\u0131klar\u0131ndaki fekal koliform bakteriler tipik olarak zarars\u0131zd\u0131r, ancak insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz etkileyebilecek patojenler i\u00e7erir. Bunlar \u00f6rne\u011fin tifo gibi bakteriler veya hepatit B gibi vir\u00fcsler olabilir. Bu patojenlerle do\u011frudan temas edilmesi veya su kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kirlenmesi, enfeksiyonlara neden olabilir.<\/p>\n

    At\u0131k su, kayna\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak genellikle mineraller, metaller ve sodyum, bak\u0131r, kur\u015fun ve \u00e7inko gibi sudaki organizmalar taraf\u0131ndan kolayca par\u00e7alanamayan bile\u015fikler de dahil olmak \u00fczere inorganik maddeler de i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n

    Baz\u0131 at\u0131k sular fosfor ve azot gibi besinler de i\u00e7erir. Bunlar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 miktarlarda bulunmas\u0131, suyun besinlerle a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 zenginle\u015fti\u011fi \u00f6trofikasyona neden olabilir. Bu, bitki ve alg b\u00fcy\u00fcmesinin miktar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r ve oksijen kullan\u0131labilirli\u011fini azaltarak ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirir ve potansiyel olarak baz\u0131 deniz ya\u015fam\u0131 t\u00fcrlerini tehlikeye atar.<\/p>\n

    Etkili at\u0131k su y\u00f6netimi sa\u011flamak<\/h2>\n

    Bu riskler g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kentsel at\u0131k su y\u00f6netiminin neden s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kentsel su y\u00f6netiminin kritik bir y\u00f6n\u00fc oldu\u011funu anlamak zor de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

    Topluluklar at\u0131k suyu ar\u0131tarak ve yeniden kullanarak, tatl\u0131 su i\u00e7in genel talebi \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azaltarak ve b\u00f6ylece de\u011ferli su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7me ve ev i\u00e7i kullan\u0131m gibi temel ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in koruyarak su g\u00fcvenli\u011fini art\u0131rmaya ve su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azaltmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n

    Bu, \u00f6zellikle ar\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f at\u0131k suyun tar\u0131msal sulama, end\u00fcstriyel s\u00fcre\u00e7ler ve hatta yeralt\u0131 suyu tabakalar\u0131n\u0131 yenileme gibi faaliyetler i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenilir bir alternatif kaynak olarak i\u015flev g\u00f6rebilece\u011fi su s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7eken b\u00f6lgelerde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Etkili at\u0131k su ar\u0131tma, ar\u0131t\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f at\u0131k suyun su havzalar\u0131na bo\u015falt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler, b\u00f6ylece tatl\u0131 su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 kirlenmeye kar\u015f\u0131 korur. Bu, insan t\u00fcketimi ve tar\u0131m i\u00e7in tatl\u0131 su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n kalitesini ve kullan\u0131labilirli\u011fini koruman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra at\u0131k suyun, su ekosistemleri ve halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkileri en aza indirir.<\/p>\n

    Ayn\u0131 zamanda, geli\u015fmi\u015f at\u0131k su ar\u0131tma s\u00fcre\u00e7leri sayesinde tar\u0131mda kullan\u0131lan g\u00fcbre (fosfor ve azot) ve enerji \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131lan biyogaz gibi de\u011ferli kaynaklar, at\u0131k sudan geri kazan\u0131labilir. Bu kaynak geri kazan\u0131m\u0131, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir su y\u00f6netimine daha fazla katk\u0131da bulunur ve tatl\u0131 su kaynaklar\u0131na olan talebi azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Sorumlu su kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik eden, do\u011fal su kaynaklar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki y\u00fck\u00fc azaltan ve uzun vadeli \u00e7evresel s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi destekleyen bu t\u00fcr pozitif ve aktif at\u0131k su y\u00f6netimi, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir kalk\u0131nma ilkeleriyle uyumludur. Su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunu, gezegenimizin kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fu bir dizi ba\u015fka zorlukla da ayr\u0131lmaz bir \u015fekilde ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. 17 Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler (BM) S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir Kalk\u0131nma Amac\u0131n\u0131n (SKA) ba\u015fl\u0131ca ama\u00e7lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Temiz Su ve Sanitasyon<\/a> (SKA 6), \u0130klim Eylemi<\/a> (SKA 13), Uygun Fiyatl\u0131 ve Temiz Enerji<\/a> (SKA 7) ve S\u0131f\u0131r A\u00e7l\u0131k<\/a> (SKA 2) bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Yeni AB y\u00f6netmeli\u011finin etkileri<\/h2>\n

    AB\u2019nin yeni y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi, t\u00fcm \u00fcye \u00fclkelerde daha etkili ve tutarl\u0131 bir at\u0131k su ar\u0131tma \u00e7er\u00e7evesi olu\u015fturmada genel olarak olumlu bir ad\u0131m olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.<\/p>\n

    A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse bu y\u00f6netmelik, birli\u011fin 1991\u2019de y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015f olan mevcut at\u0131k su ar\u0131tma y\u00f6netmeli\u011finin revize edilmi\u015f halidir. Avrupa Komisyonu\u2019na g\u00f6re, revize edilen bu y\u00f6netmelik \u201cinsan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00e7evrenin, zararl\u0131 kentsel at\u0131k sulardan korunmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecektir. Ayr\u0131ca Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n her yerinde nehirlerin, g\u00f6llerin, yeralt\u0131 sular\u0131n\u0131n ve denizlerin daha temiz olmas\u0131na da yol a\u00e7acak.\u201d<\/em>[4]<\/a><\/p>\n

    Di\u011fer \u00f6nlemlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, at\u0131k sularda bulunan besin ve mikro kirleticilerin, \u00f6zellikle de toksik farmas\u00f6tik ve kozmetik maddelerin seviyelerini daha da azaltmak i\u00e7in uygulanan yeni standartlar getirecektir. Mikroplastiklerin ve \u201csonsuza kimyasallar\u201d olarak bilinen ad\u0131 verilen perfloroalkil ve polifloroalkil maddelerin (PFAS) sistematik olarak izlenmesini sa\u011flayacak ve bu kimyasallar\u0131n at\u0131k sular yoluyla nas\u0131l yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 daha iyi anlamam\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Bu y\u00f6netmelik, 1.000 veya daha fazla n\u00fcfus e\u015fde\u011feri (pe) etkiye sahip t\u00fcm kentsel \u2018topluluklar\u0131n\u2019 2035 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar at\u0131k suda ikincil ar\u0131tma (biyolojik olarak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnebilir organik maddenin giderilmesi) uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca, b\u00fcy\u00fck ar\u0131tma tesislerinde 2039 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcl ar\u0131tma (azot ve fosfor giderilmesi) ve 2045 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcl ar\u0131tma (geni\u015f spektrumlu mikro kirleticilerin giderilmesi) e\u015fik seviyelerini ve son tarihlerini, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcl ar\u0131tma i\u00e7in 2033 ve 2036\u2019da, d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fcl ar\u0131tma i\u00e7in ise 2033 ve 2039\u2019da ara hedeflerle uyumlu hale getiriyor.<\/p>\n

    En dikkat \u00e7ekici de\u011fi\u015fikliklerden biri, Art\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00dcretici Sorumlulu\u011fu<\/a> yoluyla \u201ckirletici \u00f6der\u201d ilkesinin uygulanmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck, d\u00f6rt ad\u0131ml\u0131 ar\u0131tma maliyetlerinin en az %80\u2019ini \u00f6demesi gereken ila\u00e7 ve kozmetik gibi en kirletici end\u00fcstrilere aktar\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Buna ek olarak, yeni y\u00f6netmelik, 2045 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar enerjilerini yenilenebilir kaynaklardan almas\u0131 gereken at\u0131k su ar\u0131tma tesisleri i\u00e7in sekt\u00f6rde \u00fcretilen ye\u015fil enerji ile t\u00fcketilen enerjinin birbirine e\u015fit olmas\u0131 hedefi getiriyor. AB \u00fclkelerinin, su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelmek i\u00e7in \u00f6zellikle su s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7eken alanlarda ar\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f at\u0131k suyun yeniden kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde te\u015fvik etmesi de gerekecektir.<\/p>\n

    Avrupa \u00c7evre, Okyanuslar ve Bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k Komisyonu\u2019ndan Virginijus Sinkevi\u010dius\u2019a g\u00f6re, yeni y\u00f6netmelik \u201csadece t\u00fcm Avrupal\u0131lar i\u00e7in daha temiz su sa\u011flamakla kalmayacak, ayn\u0131 zamanda sanitasyona daha iyi eri\u015fim, kirletici \u00f6der ilkesinin uygulanmas\u0131 ve enerji \u00f6zerkli\u011fi gibi daha pek \u00e7ok fayda sa\u011flayacak. Bu de\u011fi\u015fiklikler sekt\u00f6rde tam bir devrim yaratacak ve \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki on y\u0131llar boyunca sekt\u00f6r\u00fc daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131 hale getirecektir<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n

    Uygulama zorluklar\u0131<\/h2>\n

    Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin, \u00f6zellikle AB genelindeki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kasabalarda ve \u015fehirlerde, \u00f6zellikle daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kentsel alanlar\u0131 kapsayacak \u015fekilde kapsam\u0131 geni\u015fleterek at\u0131k su y\u00f6netimi \u00fczerinde \u00f6nemli bir etkisi olmas\u0131 bekleniyor.<\/p>\n

    1.000 veya daha fazla e\u015fde\u011fer n\u00fcfusa sahip t\u00fcm kentsel alanlar\u0131n 2035 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar en az ikincil tedavi uygulamas\u0131 gerekecektir \u2013 bu, sadece 2.000 veya daha fazla e\u015fde\u011fer n\u00fcfusa sahip alanlara uygulanan \u00f6nceki direktife g\u00f6re b\u00fcy\u00fck bir de\u011fi\u015fikliktir. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcl ar\u0131tma ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta sadece daha b\u00fcy\u00fck tesisler i\u00e7in zorunlu olsa da, 10.000 ile 150.000 aras\u0131nda e\u015fde\u011fer n\u00fcfusa hizmet veren daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tesislerin kendi risk de\u011ferlendirmelerine dayanarak 2045 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcl ar\u0131tma uygulamas\u0131 gerekebilir[5]<\/a>. Bu, belirtilen n\u00fcfus aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na giren bir\u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kasaba ve \u015fehir i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli altyap\u0131 y\u00fckseltmeleri ve geli\u015fmi\u015f tedavi teknolojilerine yat\u0131r\u0131m gerektirebilir.<\/p>\n

    Risk de\u011ferlendirmeleri, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k kanalizasyon ta\u015fk\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n veya tahliyelerinin \u201csorunlu\u201d oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyorsa 10.000 ile 100.000 aras\u0131nda e\u015fde\u011fer n\u00fcfusa sahip kentsel alanlar\u0131n da entegre at\u0131k su y\u00f6netim planlar\u0131 geli\u015ftirmesi gerekecektir[6]<\/a>. Bu, kanalizasyon hizmet alan\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131n\u0131n analiz edilmesi, hedeflerin belirlenmesi ve s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kaynaklara sahip daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck belediyeler i\u00e7in bir zorluk olu\u015fturabilecek kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k kanalizasyon ta\u015fk\u0131nlar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan kirlili\u011fi azaltmak i\u00e7in \u00f6nlemlerin uygulanmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelecektir.<\/p>\n

    Ek olarak, mikroplastikler, PFAS, patojenler ve antimikrobiyal diren\u00e7 i\u00e7in geni\u015fletilmi\u015f izleme ve raporlama gereklilikleri muhtemelen mevcut tesislerin izleme, veri toplama ve raporlama yeteneklerinde bir y\u00fckseltme yapmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirecektir ve bu da s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 b\u00fct\u00e7eleri ve teknik uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u015fehir merkezleri i\u00e7in bir y\u00fck olabilir.<\/p>\n

    Di\u011fer \u00fclkeler bu sorunu nas\u0131l ele al\u0131yor<\/h2>\n

    AB y\u00f6netmeli\u011finin tam etkisi g\u00f6r\u00fclmeye devam etse de, di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok \u00fclke ve b\u00f6lge, kentsel at\u0131k su y\u00f6netimini daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00f6l\u00e7ekte ele almak i\u00e7in politikalar ve d\u00fczenlemeler uygulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Singapur<\/h3>\n

    Singapur, NEWater giri\u015fimi ile kentsel at\u0131k suyun yeniden kullan\u0131m\u0131nda k\u00fcresel bir liderdir[7]<\/a>. 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan NEWater, y\u00fcksek kaliteli geri kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f su \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in geli\u015fmi\u015f membran ve ultraviyole dezenfeksiyon teknolojileriyle kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f suyu ar\u0131t\u0131r. Bu su, \u00f6ncelikli olarak end\u00fcstriyel ama\u00e7lar ve su havzalar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve Singapur\u2019un toplam su talebinin yakla\u015f\u0131k %40\u2019\u0131na katk\u0131da bulunur. Bu giri\u015fim Singapur\u2019un d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan tedarik edilen suya olan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azaltm\u0131\u015f ve su g\u00fcvenli\u011fini art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \"Singapore
    Singapore NEWater<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    Los Angeles, ABD<\/h3>\n

    Los Angeles, Hyperion Su Ar\u0131tma Tesisi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla at\u0131k suyun yeniden kullan\u0131m\u0131nda \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar atm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[8]<\/a>. Tesis, at\u0131k suyu y\u00fcksek bir standarda g\u00f6re ar\u0131tarak sulama, end\u00fcstriyel s\u00fcre\u00e7ler ve yeralt\u0131 suyunun yeniden doldurulmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131lan geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f suya d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr. \u015eehir, 2035 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar at\u0131k sular\u0131n\u0131n %100\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeyi, d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan tedarik edilen suya olan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azaltmay\u0131 ve kurakl\u0131klara kar\u015f\u0131 dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 art\u0131rmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    R\u00fczg\u00e2r, Namibya<\/h3>\n

    Windhoek, ar\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f at\u0131k suyun i\u00e7me suyu standartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re safla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve do\u011frudan \u015fehrin su kayna\u011f\u0131na eklendi\u011fi do\u011frudan i\u00e7me suyu olarak yeniden kullan\u0131m\u0131nda (DPR) bir \u00f6nc\u00fcd\u00fcr[9]<\/a>. Bu uygulama 1968\u2019den beri y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fcktedir ve Windhoek\u2019i DPR\u2019yi uygulayan d\u00fcnyadaki ilk \u015fehirlerden biri haline getirmektedir. \u015eehrin yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, kurak bir b\u00f6lgede su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netilmesinde ve sakinleri i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenilir bir su tedarikinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131nda \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

    Pekin, \u00c7in<\/h3>\n

    Pekin, ciddi seviyelere ula\u015fan su k\u0131tl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 gidermek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli at\u0131k su yeniden kullan\u0131m projeleri uygulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[10]<\/a>. Ar\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f at\u0131k su, end\u00fcstriyel so\u011futma, peyzaj sulama ve g\u00f6llerdeki su seviyelerini koruma dahil olmak \u00fczere \u00e7e\u015fitli i\u00e7ilebilir olmayan ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Taiyuan City\u2019deki bir at\u0131k su ar\u0131tma tesisi, end\u00fcstriyel ve peyzaj ama\u00e7l\u0131 kullan\u0131mlar i\u00e7in g\u00fcnde 20.000 metrek\u00fcp su toplar. Bu giri\u015fimler Pekin\u2019in su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 daha s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

    Umut nehri<\/h2>\n

    Yeni AB Kentsel At\u0131k Su Ar\u0131tma Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi, yaln\u0131zca suyun korunmas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etmekle kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda at\u0131k su ar\u0131tma teknolojilerinde ve altyap\u0131s\u0131nda yenili\u011fi te\u015fvik ederek daha s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ve esnek bir su y\u00f6netimi yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n

    Her ne kadar at\u0131k su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n daha iyi kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in yasal ve politik \u00e7er\u00e7eveleri tan\u0131mlamak h\u00fck\u00fcmetlere ba\u011fl\u0131 olsa da \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r bu hedefleri hayata ge\u00e7irmekten en az\u0131ndan k\u0131smen sorumludur.<\/p>\n

    Jameel \u00c7evre Hizmetleri<\/a>\u2019nin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan Almar Water Solutions<\/a>\u2019\u0131n Avrupa, Orta Do\u011fu, Latin Amerika, Afrika ve Asya-Pasifik\u2019te s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir su altyap\u0131s\u0131 projelerinden olu\u015fan bir portf\u00f6y arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndaki \u00f6nemli pazarlarda su kullan\u0131labilirli\u011fini d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131ndan gurur duyuyoruz.<\/p>\n

    En \u00f6nemli projelerinden biri, Suudi Arabistan\u2019da K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ters ozmos tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma tesislerinden biri olan 450.000 m3<\/sup>\/g\u00fcn kapasiteli Shuqaiq 3<\/a> tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma tesisidir. 34 futbol sahas\u0131na e\u015fde\u011fer bir alan\u0131 kapsayan Shuqaiq tesisi, 25 y\u0131l boyunca 1,8 milyon ki\u015fiye g\u00fcvenilir i\u00e7me suyu sa\u011flayacak ve 700 ki\u015fiye istihdam yaratacakt\u0131r.[11]<\/a><\/p>\n

    Almar Water Solutions, Suudi Arabistan\u2019da yeni bir proje olan Zuluf Su Ar\u0131tma Tesisi<\/a> \u00fczerinde Nisan 2024\u2019te \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Zuluf, Suudi Arabistan\u2019da s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir su \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerine \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde katk\u0131da bulunarak 185.000 m3<\/sup>\/g\u00fcn seviyesinde \u00f6nemli bir kapasiteye sahip olacak.<\/p>\n

    \"Muharraq
    Muharraq \u2013 At\u0131k Su Ar\u0131tma Tesisi (Bahreyn), Muharraq toplama alan\u0131nda son teknoloji kanalizasyon ta\u015f\u0131ma sistemine sahip 100.000 m3\/g\u00fcn kapasiteli bir at\u0131k su ar\u0131tma tesisidir. Bu ta\u015f\u0131ma sistemi, GCC b\u00f6lgesinin ilk 16,5 km derinli\u011findeki yer\u00e7ekimi kanalizasyon ana boru hatt\u0131n\u0131 ve at\u0131k su toplama \u015febekesini i\u00e7eriyor. Bu tesis, ar\u0131t\u0131lan kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f suyun bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 temiz, y\u00fcksek kaliteli geri kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f suya geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcl ar\u0131tma kullan\u0131r. Foto\u011fraf Sahibi: \u00a9 Almar Water Solutions<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    Almar ayr\u0131ca Bahreyn\u2019deki Muharraq<\/a>\u2019da ar\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f suyu y\u00fcksek kaliteli geri kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f suya geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren[12]<\/a> 100.000 m3<\/sup>\/g\u00fcn kapasiteli son teknoloji at\u0131k su ar\u0131tma tesisi ve kanalizasyon ta\u015f\u0131ma sistemini i\u015fletmektedir.<\/p>\n

    \u015eirket Avrupa\u2019da verimlili\u011fi art\u0131rmaya ve hayati do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131 korumaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in ak\u0131ll\u0131 su verilerinden yararlanmak \u00fczere \u0130spanyol teknoloji firmas\u0131 Datakorum<\/a> ile birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Almar, benzer \u015fekilde 7,3 milyon insan\u0131n g\u00fcvenli i\u00e7me suyuna eri\u015fiminin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve 8,4 milyon insan\u0131n uygun sanitasyondan yoksun oldu\u011fu M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da, \u00fclke genelinde at\u0131k su y\u00f6netimi ve di\u011fer su altyap\u0131s\u0131 projeleri geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in HA Utilities<\/a> ile ortakl\u0131k yapmaktad\u0131r. Bu durum, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma hizmetleri \u015firketi olan Ridgewood Group\u2019un sat\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131na<\/a> yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Ridgewood, her g\u00fcn 82.440 metrek\u00fcp g\u00fcvenli ve temiz i\u00e7me suyu sa\u011flama kapasitesiyle M\u0131s\u0131r genelinde 58 tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma tesisi i\u015fletiyor.<\/p>\n

    Kentsel at\u0131k suyun yeniden kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek, zorluklar olmadan m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. Kamu alg\u0131s\u0131, potansiyel sa\u011fl\u0131k riskleri ve sa\u011flam izleme ve d\u00fczenleyici \u00e7er\u00e7evelere ili\u015fkin kayg\u0131lar ele al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. At\u0131k su yeniden kullan\u0131m uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli ve etkili bir \u015fekilde uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in altyap\u0131, kapasite olu\u015fturma ve kamu fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131 kampanyalar\u0131na yeterli yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. At\u0131k su y\u00f6netimi, ayn\u0131 zamanda su g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir su kullan\u0131labilirli\u011fi i\u00e7in kritik bir ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \"Fady
    Fady Jameel
    Y\u00f6netim Kurulu Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131, Uluslararas\u0131
    Abdul Latif Jameel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    Abdul Latif Jameel<\/a> Y\u00f6netim Kurulu Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131, Uluslararas\u0131 Fady Jameel<\/a>, \u201cAB\u2019nin yeni y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi, at\u0131k suyun bir at\u0131k \u00fcr\u00fcn yerine bir kaynak olarak muazzam potansiyelini fark ederek di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerin takip etmesi i\u00e7in bir emsal te\u015fkil ediyor. D\u00fcnya artan su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorunlar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, harekete ge\u00e7me zaman\u0131 geldi ve kentsel at\u0131k sular\u0131n yeniden kullan\u0131m\u0131, su a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan g\u00fcvenli bir gelece\u011fe y\u00f6nelik \u00e7abalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6n saflar\u0131nda yer almal\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/em> diyor.<\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    [1]<\/a> UNEP 2023, \u201cWastewater: Turning problem to solution\u201d.<\/a><\/p>\n

    [2]<\/a> https:\/\/environment.ec.europa.eu\/topics\/water\/water-reuse_en<\/a><\/p>\n

    [3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.insideeulifesciences.com\/2024\/04\/10\/new-eu-wastewater-treatment-fees-on-producers-of-pharmaceutical-and-cosmetic-products\/<\/a><\/p>\n

    [4]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/presscorner\/detail\/en\/ip_24_504<\/a><\/p>\n

    [5]<\/a> https:\/\/environment.ec.europa.eu\/topics\/water\/urban-wastewater_en<\/a><\/p>\n

    [6]<\/a> https:\/\/microtronics.com\/en\/blog-en\/implementation-of-the-eu-urban-waste-water-treatment-directive\/<\/p>\n

    [7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.pub.gov.sg\/Public\/WaterLoop\/OurWaterStory\/NEWater<\/p>\n

    [8]<\/a> http:\/\/publichealth.lacounty.gov\/eh\/focus\/hyperion-water-reclamation-plant.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

    [9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.aquatechtrade.com\/news\/water-reuse\/namibia-second-direct-potable-reuse-project<\/a><\/p>\n

    [10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iges.or.jp\/en\/publication_documents\/pub\/peer\/en\/1180\/IRES_vol.5-2_425.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

    [11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.almarwater.com\/2019\/05\/09\/almar-water-solutions-to-acquire-mubadala-infrastructure-partners-investment-in-muharraq-sewage-treatment-plant-in-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n

    [12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.almarwater.com\/2019\/05\/09\/almar-water-solutions-to-acquire-mubadala-infrastructure-partners-investment-in-muharraq-sewage-treatment-plant-in-bahrain\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":123439,"template":"","tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAB At\u0131ksu Y\u00f6netimini \u0130yile\u015ftirme Y\u00f6n\u00fcnde | Abdul Latif Jameel\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Yeni AB kurallar\u0131, at\u0131k suyun yeniden kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve kirlili\u011fi azaltmay\u0131 hedefliyor; Abdul Latif Jameel bunu, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda uzun vadeli su s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fi i\u00e7in elzem bir de\u011fi\u015fim olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyor.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/alj.com\/tr\/perspective\/eu-sets-course-for-calmer-waste-waters\/\" \/>\n<meta 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