{"id":14531,"date":"2017-11-21T06:07:11","date_gmt":"2017-11-21T06:07:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alj.com\/tr\/perspective\/j-wafs-action-good-vibrations-reducing-cost-water-desalination\/"},"modified":"2019-06-20T06:13:35","modified_gmt":"2019-06-20T06:13:35","slug":"j-wafs-action-good-vibrations-reducing-cost-water-desalination","status":"publish","type":"perspective","link":"https:\/\/alj.com\/tr\/perspective\/j-wafs-action-good-vibrations-reducing-cost-water-desalination\/","title":{"rendered":"J-WAFS i\u015f ba\u015f\u0131nda: \u0130yi titre\u015fimler \u2013 su tuzlulu\u011fu maliyetini azaltmak"},"content":{"rendered":"

MIT Makine M\u00fchendisli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Noyce Kariyer Geli\u015ftirme Profes\u00f6r\u00fc Xuanhe Zhao ve MIT Abdul Latif Jameel Su ve G\u0131da profes\u00f6r\u00fc ve J-WAFS Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Dr. John Lienhard, bu y\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda J-WAFS fonu sa\u011flanan yedi ara\u015ft\u0131rma projesinden birisinin liderli\u011fini \u00fcstleniyor. Xuanhe ve John, d\u00fcnyada en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma prosesi olan ters ozmosun verimli\u011fini b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda art\u0131racak ve maliyetleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrecek kimyasal i\u00e7ermeyen, titre\u015fim bazl\u0131 bir membran temizleme teknolojisi geli\u015ftirmeyi ama\u00e7l\u0131yor.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em>Kap\u0131lar\u0131 A\u00e7\u0131yoruz, projesi ve ama\u00e7lar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda profes\u00f6rler Zhao ve Lienhard ile konu\u015ftu. <\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>Ara\u015ft\u0131rma projenizin ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Projenin ad\u0131, \u2018Ters Ozmos Membran\u0131nda Kirlenmeyi \u00d6nlemek i\u00e7in Y\u00fcksek Verimli Kimyasal Madde \u0130\u00e7ermeyen Geri Y\u0131kama Stratejisi\u2019<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Hangi sorunu ele almay\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131yorsunuz?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tatl\u0131 su, varl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in esast\u0131r ancak istikrarl\u0131, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir arz sa\u011flamak, \u00f6zellikle de Ortado\u011fu ve Kuzey Afrika (MENA) gibi suyun k\u0131t oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir zorluktur.<\/p>\n

Teorik olarak d\u00fcnyada yedi milyar insan\u0131 desteklemek i\u00e7in yeterli tatl\u0131 su vard\u0131r ancak e\u015fitsiz da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m ve verimli olmayan t\u00fcketim d\u00fczenlerinin birle\u015fimi, artan say\u0131da b\u00f6lgede kronik su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015fanaca\u011f\u0131, \u00e7ok miktarda suyun israf edilece\u011fi, kirletilece\u011fi veya s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir olmayan bir bi\u00e7imde y\u00f6netilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 verilerine g\u00f6re MENA b\u00f6lgesindeki n\u00fcfusunun yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131 talebin arz\u0131n \u00e7ok gerisinde kald\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u2018su stresi\u2019 ko\u015fullar\u0131 alt\u0131nda ya\u015famaktad\u0131r[1]<\/a>. D\u00fcnyada suyun en k\u0131t oldu\u011fu 12 \u00fclkenin bulundu\u011fu bir b\u00f6lge i\u00e7in bu durum belki \u015fa\u015f\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olmayabilir ama arz ile talep aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fc \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

N\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ve k\u00fcresel iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi etkilerinin olumsuz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fck\u00e7e su temini \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131 daha da artacakt\u0131r ve MENA b\u00f6lgesinde ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na elde edilebilir suyun 2050 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar yar\u0131ya inmesi beklenmektedir[2]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde taze su arz\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma teknolojilerini kullanan bir\u00e7ok teknoloji vard\u0131r. S\u00f6z gelimi BAE, suyunun %90’\u0131n\u0131 tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma yoluyla elde etmektedir.<\/p>\n

En yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan i\u015flem, ters ozmostur. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131z, ters ozmos i\u015fleminin verimlili\u011fini anlaml\u0131 oranda art\u0131racak, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fini iyile\u015ftirecek ve maliyetlerini azaltacak yeni bir teknoloji geli\u015ftirmeyi ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ters ozmos nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ters ozmos, hem ac\u0131 yeralt\u0131 suyunu tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rmak, hem de deniz suyunu tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bundan ba\u015fka, at\u0131k su yeniden kullan\u0131m sisteminin bir \u00f6\u011fesi olarak ve \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli ba\u015fka i\u015flemlerinde de kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ters ozmos s\u0131ras\u0131nda tuzlu su bir polimer membrana bas\u0131n\u00e7la uygulanarak suyun membran i\u00e7inde daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 (saf su) tarafa ge\u00e7mesi sa\u011flan\u0131r. Membran\u0131n dikkatle tasarlanm\u0131\u015f y\u00fczey kimyas\u0131 nedeniyle tuzlar membran\u0131n i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7emez.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Bununla ilgili baz\u0131 sorunlar nelerdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130lgilendi\u011fimiz temel sorun membran\u0131n kirlenmesidir. Operasyon s\u0131ras\u0131nda, membran\u0131n tuzlu su taraf\u0131nda biyolojik olarak aktif malzemeye ait ince filmler olu\u015fabilir. Buna ek olarak, tuzlar membran y\u00fczeyinde kristalle\u015febilir. Her iki proses de membran\u0131 etkili bir bi\u00e7imde \u2018t\u0131kayarak\u2019 suyun bir taraftan di\u011ferine aktar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r ve daha y\u00fcksek enerji t\u00fcketimine ve maliyetlere yol a\u00e7ar. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da bunu kontrol etmek \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

Biyofilm membran kirlenmesi sorunu genel olarak gelen besleme suyunun kapsaml\u0131 kimyasal \u00f6n i\u015flemden ge\u00e7mesiyle \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenir. Ancak bu maliyetli, zaman ve enerji a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan verimsiz ve \u00e7evresel olarak arzu edilmeyen bir i\u015flemdir. Buna ek olarak, membran kirlenmesini t\u00fcm\u00fcyle ortadan kald\u0131rmaz ve membranlar\u0131n ya\u015fam \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc k\u0131s\u0131tlar. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da membranlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc daha da uzatan ve i\u015fletme ve bak\u0131m maliyetlerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcren, kimyasal i\u00e7ermeyen bir y\u00f6ntem tercih edilir bir y\u00f6ntemdir.<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131z bu zorluklar\u0131n \u00fcstesinden nas\u0131l gelinmesini \u00f6neriyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yakla\u015f\u0131m, membranlar\u0131 titre\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in bas\u0131nc\u0131 kullanmak. Bakteriler, bir koloni olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in yeteri say\u0131da olduklar\u0131ndan emin olmak i\u00e7in ‘nisap alg\u0131lama’ ad\u0131 verilen bir \u015fey kullan\u0131r. Titre\u015fimler, \u2018nisap alg\u0131lama\u2019ya m\u00fcdahale eder be bakterilerin biyofilm olu\u015fturmalar\u0131n\u0131 engeller.<\/p>\n

Titre\u015fimler, membran\u0131n bir taraf\u0131na bir bas\u0131n\u00e7 gradyan\u0131 uygulanmak suretiyle \u00fcretilir. Di\u011fer tarafta bas\u0131n\u00e7 sabittir. Bir taraftaki sal\u0131nan gradyan ile di\u011fer taraftaki sabit bas\u0131n\u00e7 aras\u0131ndaki fark membran\u0131n titremesine neden olur. Bu, d\u00fczenli tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

Laboratuvar\u0131m\u0131zda, bakterilerin membran y\u00fczeyine nas\u0131l yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131na ve titre\u015fimin bakteriler aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fimi nas\u0131l etkiledi\u011fine ili\u015fkin daha ileri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yapmam\u0131z gerekiyor. Bunu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdikten sonra bu ilkeleri ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnyada uygulama yollar\u0131n\u0131 arayabiliriz.<\/p>\n

Teknolojinizin potansiyel avantajlar\u0131 nelerdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Temel avantajlar\u0131, ters ozmos i\u015fleminin bak\u0131m ve i\u015fletme maliyetlerinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesidir. Membranlar\u0131 temizlemek i\u00e7in faaliyete daha az ara vermek gerekir zira biyofilmle kapl\u0131 de\u011fillerdir, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da verimlilik daha fazlad\u0131r: Temizlik amac\u0131yla faaliyeti sonland\u0131rman\u0131z gerekmiyorsa verilen bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde daha fazla su \u00fcretebilirsiniz. Ayn\u0131 zamanda da temizleme i\u015flemine ait maliyetlerden de ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131yorsunuz. Membran kirlenmesinin \u00f6nlenmesi, ayr\u0131ca ters ozmosun K\u00f6rfez’deki ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerindeki her tuzlu, s\u0131cak su ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcketiciler i\u00e7in de bir avantaj\u0131 olacakt\u0131r zira suyun maliyetini azaltacakt\u0131r. H\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda, i\u015fletme ve bak\u0131m maliyetleri, bir ters ozmos fabrikas\u0131nda \u00fcretilen suyun maliyetinin yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak d\u00f6rtte birini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Membran temizli\u011fi ve de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi, bu maliyete \u00f6nemli bir katk\u0131da bulunmaktad\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da e\u011fer bu maliyetleri azaltabilirsek \u00fcretimin genel maliyeti de anlaml\u0131 oranda d\u00fc\u015fmelidir.<\/p>\n

Bundan ba\u015fka, delik membran veya bir \u015feyin aradan ge\u00e7me riski de azald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan su kalitesi de olas\u0131l\u0131kla daha iyi olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131z\u0131 bu J-WAS yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n sona erdi\u011fi A\u011fustos 2019 itibar\u0131 ile tamamlamay\u0131 bekliyor musunuz?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Evet, ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n bu a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan varsay\u0131m\u0131n kan\u0131tlanmas\u0131 a\u015famas\u0131 tamamlanm\u0131\u015f olacakt\u0131r. Bundan sonra, i\u015flemi rafine etmek ve ticari olarak nas\u0131l uygulanabilece\u011fini g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in daha fazla ara\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik bir potansiyel oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n

Projemizin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta odakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 konu, ters ozmos membranlar\u0131n\u0131n temizlenmesidir; ancak ara\u015ft\u0131rmam\u0131z\u0131n kapsam\u0131 ve elde edece\u011fimiz bilgiler biyo-kirlili\u011fin bir sorun te\u015fkil etti\u011fi gemi teknesi veya medikal implantlar gibi ba\u015fka alanlarda da uygulanabilir; dolay\u0131s\u0131yla da \u00f6nemli bir ticari potansiyeli bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"
Dr. John H. Lienhard V, PhD, PE, MIT Abdul Latif Jameel Su ve G\u0131da Profes\u00f6r\u00fc ve J-WAFS Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

[1]<\/a> High and Dry: Climate Change, Water and the Economy<\/em>, World Bank, May 2016.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/blogs.worldbank.org\/arabvoices\/numbers-facts-about-water-crisis-arab-world<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":14364,"template":"","tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSuudi Arabistan ve Orta Do\u011fu'da Yal\u0131n Y\u00f6netim | Abdul Latif Jameel\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"J-WAFS, ters ozmoz verimini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rabilecek, kimyasal i\u00e7ermeyen, titre\u015fime dayal\u0131 bir membran temizleme teknolojisi geli\u015ftirmektedir.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/alj.com\/tr\/perspective\/j-wafs-action-good-vibrations-reducing-cost-water-desalination\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Suudi Arabistan ve Orta Do\u011fu'da Yal\u0131n Y\u00f6netim | 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