{"id":15141,"date":"2018-05-03T07:00:49","date_gmt":"2018-05-03T07:00:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.alj.com\/tr\/perspective\/changing-future-economic-role-women-saudi-arabia\/"},"modified":"2022-03-21T08:42:11","modified_gmt":"2022-03-21T08:42:11","slug":"changing-future-economic-role-women-saudi-arabia","status":"publish","type":"perspective","link":"https:\/\/alj.com\/tr\/perspective\/changing-future-economic-role-women-saudi-arabia\/","title":{"rendered":"De\u011fi\u015fen gelecek: Suudi Arabistan\u2019da kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ekonomideki rol\u00fc"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vizyon 2030\u2019da \u00f6zetlenen pek \u00e7ok cesur ama\u00e7 aras\u0131nda[1]<\/a>, Suudi Arabistan\u2019\u0131n gelecek on y\u0131lda ve sonras\u0131nda ekonomisini geli\u015ftirme tasar\u0131s\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n topluma ve ekonomiye katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n

\n

\u201cEkonomimiz – erkek, kad\u0131n, gen\u00e7 ya\u015fl\u0131 – herkese, kendi yetenekleri \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde katk\u0131da bulunabilmeleri i\u00e7in f\u0131rsatlar sunacak . . .<\/em><\/p>\n

Suudi kad\u0131nlar bir di\u011fer varl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z. \u00dcniversite mezunlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n y\u00fczde 50\u2019sinden fazlas\u0131n\u0131n kad\u0131n oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek onlar\u0131n yeteneklerini geli\u015ftirmeye, \u00fcretken becerilerine yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmaya ve geleceklerini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirerek toplumumuzun ve ekonomimizin geli\u015fmesine katk\u0131da bulunmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaya devam edece\u011fiz.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Suudi Arabistan Vizyon 2030<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n tarihsel olarak s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kamusal rol oynad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00fclkede, Vizyon 2030 ilk yay\u0131nland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu ilham verici niyete g\u00f6rece az dikkat edildi. Ama bu h\u0131zla de\u011fi\u015fiyor.<\/p>\n

Eyl\u00fcl 2017’de, H\u00fck\u00fcmet Haziran 2018’den itibaren kad\u0131nlar\u0131n Suudi Arabistan’da ilk kez araba kullanabilece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131[2]<\/a>. Bunu, bir ay sonra, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n Riyad, Cidde ve Dammam\u2019daki \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck ulusal stadyumda canl\u0131 spor izleyebilece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 izledi[3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Kendi i\u00e7lerinde olduk\u00e7a k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklikler gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnseler de, Suudi Arabistan\u2019daki kad\u0131nlar\u0131 kucaklayan bu iki kararda yans\u0131yan azim \u00fclkenin kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ekonomik kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme konusundaki kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fczel s\u00f6zlerden ibaret olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir g\u00f6stergesi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Suudi Arabistan ekonomisini geleneksel hidrokarbona dayal\u0131 end\u00fcstrilere ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan uzakla\u015ft\u0131rarak yeniden modellerken, kad\u0131nlara toplumda daha \u00f6zg\u00fcr, daha ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z rol sa\u011flamak \u201ckesinlikle kazand\u0131racak bir bahis<\/em>\u201d[4]<\/a> olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Devam eden s\u00fcre\u00e7<\/h2>\n

Yak\u0131n zamanda kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ara\u00e7 kullanabilece\u011fi ve \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck ulusal stadyuma girebilece\u011fi ile ilgili yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamalar, son birka\u00e7 y\u0131lda kad\u0131nlar\u0131n MENAT b\u00f6lgesindeki toplumlardaki rol\u00fcne ve katk\u0131s\u0131na dair devam eden bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc yans\u0131t\u0131yor. Geleneksel toplumsal s\u0131n\u0131rlar daha kapsay\u0131c\u0131 bir tutumun b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak ekonomik ilerlemeye fayda sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131na olan inanca paralel olarak de\u011fi\u015fiyor.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin e\u011fitime ve sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmetlerine eri\u015fim bak\u0131m\u0131ndan k\u0131zlarla erkekler aras\u0131ndaki u\u00e7urum neredeyse tamamen ortadan kalkt\u0131. D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131n\u0131n bir raporuna g\u00f6re, b\u00f6lgedeki gen\u00e7 k\u0131zlar\u0131n neredeyse tamam\u0131 okula gidiyor ve \u00fcniversiteye giden kad\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 erkeklerinkinden daha fazla. Ge\u00e7en 20 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde MENA b\u00f6lgesinde anne \u00f6l\u00fcmleri %60 oran\u0131nda azald\u0131; bu d\u00fcnyadaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck azalma[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda Suudi Arabistan\u2019daki kad\u0131nlar ilk kez oy kullanabildiler ve belediye se\u00e7imlerine kat\u0131labildiler,[6]<\/a> di\u011fer yandan Aral\u0131k 2017\u2019de \u00fclkedeki sinemalar\u0131n, 35 y\u0131ll\u0131k yoksunluktan sonra, yeniden a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verilece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ayr\u0131ca, Eyl\u00fcl 2017\u2019de, Suudi Arabistan\u2019\u0131n Genel E\u011flence Makam\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan e\u011flence sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc geli\u015ftirme sorumluluklar\u0131n\u0131n (bu da Vizyon 2030\u2019da \u00f6zetlenmi\u015f) bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak d\u00fczenlenen Ulusal G\u00fcn kutlamalar\u0131nda konser, lazer g\u00f6sterileri ve oyunlar[8]<\/a> gibi bir dizi etkinli\u011fe kad\u0131nlar da kat\u0131ld\u0131. H\u00fck\u00fcmetin daha sonra yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klaman\u0131n habercisi, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n Kral Fahd Uluslararas\u0131 Stadyumuna ilk kez[9]<\/a> \u015fenlikleri izlemek i\u00e7in girebilece\u011fi duyurusuydu. Veliaht Prens Mohamed bin Salman \u015f\u00f6yle dedi:<\/p>\n

\u201cTanr\u0131\u2019ya \u015f\u00fck\u00fcrler olsun, \u00fclkemizi d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ekonomilerini kapsayan bir grup olan G20\u2019nin aktif bir \u00fcyesi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Krall\u0131k\u2019a ait Vizyon 2030\u2019un hedeflerine ula\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc azimle, gen\u00e7 erkek ve kad\u0131n vatanda\u015flar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n \u00fcstlendi\u011fi g\u00f6revlere dayanarak, Krall\u0131k\u2019\u0131n her a\u00e7\u0131dan \u00f6nc\u00fc bir model olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in sab\u0131rs\u0131zlan\u0131yoruz.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Muhafazakar de\u011ferleriyle bilinen bir toplumda, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131nlar aras\u0131nda tutumsal de\u011fi\u015fiklikler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair kan\u0131tlar var. Suudi Arabistan h\u00e2l\u00e2 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 cinsle seyahat etmek ya da konu\u015fmak i\u00e7in izin almak zorunda oldu\u011fu erkek vesayeti sistemiyle i\u015fliyor. Ancak, karma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortamlar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma konforlar\u0131 soruldu\u011funda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n %73\u2019\u00fc \u201cson derece rahat\u201d ya da \u201cbir dereceye kadar rahat\u201d olduklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Sadece birle\u015fik %9 \u201cbir dereceye kadar rahats\u0131z\u0131m\u201d ya da \u201chi\u00e7 rahat de\u011filim\u201d dedi.[10]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130stihdam f\u0131rsatlar\u0131<\/h2>\n

Yak\u0131n zamana kadar, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve sosyal hayattaki rolleriyle ilgili ve sa\u011fl\u0131k ve e\u011fitim gibi alanlarda kaydedilen ilerleme \u00fclkenin geli\u015fimine ekonomik katk\u0131lar\u0131na yans\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Bir D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 raporunun ana hatlar\u0131yla belirtti\u011fi gibi:<\/p>\n

\u201cMENA \u00fclkelerinin \u00e7o\u011fu e\u011fitim ve sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmeti \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131nda takdire de\u011fer ilerleme kaydetmi\u015f olsa da, insan geli\u015fimine yap\u0131lan bu yat\u0131r\u0131mlar hen\u00fcz ekonomik ve siyasi hayatta gerekti\u011fi kadar y\u00fcksek kad\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 oranlar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmedi.<\/em>\u201d [11]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em>Ancak bu da art\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fiyor ve gittik\u00e7e artan say\u0131da Suudi kad\u0131n\u0131 istihdam piyasas\u0131na giriyor. Kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fc en b\u00fcy\u00fck kad\u0131n i\u015fvereni olmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrse de, \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 Mart 2017\u2019de \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve Sosyal Kalk\u0131nma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan verilere g\u00f6re 2012 ila 2016 aras\u0131nda %130 oran\u0131nda artt\u0131, 2012\u2019de 215.000 olan rakam 2016\u2019da 496.000\u2019e y\u00fckseldi[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Kad\u0131nlar art\u0131k Suudi i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn %30\u2019unu temsil ediyor; 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda sadece %12 olan rakamdan olduk\u00e7a y\u00fcksek.<\/p>\n

Sosyal Sigorta Genel Kurulu\u015fu\u2019nun rakamlar\u0131na g\u00f6re sadece 2017\u2019nin ilk yedi ay\u0131nda, 500.000\u2019den fazla Suudi kad\u0131n hem kamu sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde hem de \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde i\u015f piyasas\u0131na girdi. Bununla birlikte Kas\u0131m 2017\u2019de, \u00f6zellikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in kurulan yeni bir ula\u015ft\u0131rma program\u0131, Wusool ilk \u00fc\u00e7 haftas\u0131nda \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Suudi kad\u0131nlar\u0131n 3.100\u2019den fazla kay\u0131t yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rdeki i\u015flerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu perakende, a\u011f\u0131rlama, ve in\u015faat sekt\u00f6rlerinde bulunuyor. \u00d6zellikle ilk iki sekt\u00f6r h\u00fck\u00fcmetin kad\u0131nlar\u0131n i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etmeyi hedefleyen b\u00fcy\u00fck Suudile\u015ftirme ve feminizasyon kampanyalar\u0131n\u0131n oda\u011f\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n istatistiklerine g\u00f6re, perakende sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 \u00f6nemli art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015f, 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda 10.000 olan rakam 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda 122.000\u2019e y\u00fckselerek 12 kat artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunu \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 2011 y\u0131l\u0131nda ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, kozmetik ve kad\u0131n giyiminde uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan ma\u011fazalarda ve b\u00fcy\u00fck ma\u011fazalar\u0131n kad\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde tamam\u0131 kad\u0131nlardan olu\u015fan Suudi Arabistanl\u0131 sat\u0131\u015f personeli istihdam edilece\u011fi karar\u0131 izledi.[13]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0130lk Suudi Arabistanl\u0131 kad\u0131n avukatlara da avukatl\u0131k ruhsatlar\u0131 2013 y\u0131l\u0131 sonunda verildi.[14]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi destekliyoruz<\/h2>\n

Kad\u0131nlara daha fazla \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck ve ekonomik olarak katk\u0131da bulunma f\u0131rsat\u0131 sunarak Suudi Arabistan Vizyon 2030\u2019da \u00f6zetlenen b\u00fcy\u00fck hedeflerinden ikisini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in stratejik ve proaktif ad\u0131mlar at\u0131yor: birinci olarak \u00fclkenin i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131n\u0131 %11,6\u2019dan %7\u2019ye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek, ikinci olarak kad\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 2030 itibariyle %30[15]<\/a>\u2019a y\u00fckseltmek hedeflenirken \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ve Sosyal Kalk\u0131nma Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 2020 y\u0131l\u0131 itibariyle %28\u2019e y\u00fckseltme ge\u00e7ici hedefine do\u011fru \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.[16]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong>H\u00e2lihaz\u0131rda i\u015fe sahip olan Suudi Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n mevcut oran\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k %15 civar\u0131nda ve D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6re kad\u0131n\u0131n i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne kat\u0131l\u0131m oran\u0131n\u0131n en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu 15 \u00fclkenin 13\u2019\u00fc MENA b\u00f6lgesinde yer al\u0131yor[17]<\/a>. Bu, i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn %39,39 oldu\u011fu k\u00fcresel rakamla (2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda) benzerlik g\u00f6sterir[18]<\/a>. GSY\u0130H’nin y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu \u00e7ok say\u0131da b\u00f6lgede rakam daha da y\u00fcksek: Fransa (%47,2), Almanya (%46,2), Japonya (%42,7), G\u00fcney Kore (%41,4) ve Norve\u00e7 (%47,0).<\/p>\n

McKinsey Global Institute ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n sonucuna g\u00f6re, MENA\u2019da i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcne kad\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 oranlar\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc ticari avantajlar\u0131 var. E\u011fer 2025\u2019e kadar b\u00f6lgedeki her \u00fclke, \u00fclkenin b\u00fcy\u00fcme h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcndeki kad\u0131n y\u00fczdesinin en h\u0131zl\u0131 art\u0131\u015f\u0131yla e\u015fle\u015ftirebilirse, McKinsey bunun MENA ekonomisine her y\u0131l 600 milyar ABD$ kazan\u00e7 sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin ediyor[19]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Bu rakamlar kad\u0131n i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcndeki kullan\u0131lmayan muazzam ekonomik potansiyeli g\u00f6steriyor. H\u00fck\u00fcmet, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ama \u00f6nemli politika de\u011fi\u015fiklikleriyle, bu potansiyeli serbest b\u0131rakmakta kararl\u0131 oldu\u011funu tekrar do\u011frulad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ara\u00e7 kullanmas\u0131na izin vermenin Suudi Arabistan ekonomisi \u00fczerinde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir bir etkisi olaca\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor. Hatta baz\u0131 tahminler ekonomik etkinin 2030 y\u0131l\u0131 itibariyle 90 milyar ABD$ olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ner s\u00fcr\u00fcyor[20]<\/a> \u2013 bu da \u00fclkenin GSY\u0130H\u2019sinde o tarihe kadar her y\u0131l %0,4 ila %0,9 potansiyel art\u0131\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6neriyor.<\/p>\n

Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n, genellikle i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn yabanc\u0131 \u00fcyeleri olan, s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fclere olan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azaltarak, \u201cdaha fazla para \u2018\u00fclkede kalacak\u2019 ve ekonomide dola\u015f\u0131mda olacak\u201d.[21]<\/a> Suudi Arabistan\u2019da tahmini olarak 800.000 erkek kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor \u2013 ve be\u015f haneden biri bu ama\u00e7la bir s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc i\u015fe al\u0131yor[22]<\/a> \u2013 bu da y\u0131lda 5,1 milyar ABD$ maliyet demek oluyor[23]<\/a>. Bu, ailelere her ay, daha \u00f6nce s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler i\u00e7in harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131, 400 ABD$ kazand\u0131r\u0131r \u2013 ve al\u0131m g\u00fc\u00e7lerinde \u00f6nemli art\u0131\u015f sa\u011flar[24]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Otomotiv end\u00fcstrisi de faydalanacak<\/h2>\n

Kad\u0131nlara s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc ehliyeti vermenin \u015f\u00fcphesiz otomotiv end\u00fcstrisi \u00fczerinde do\u011frudan etkisi olacak. Aral\u0131k 2017\u2019de Ipsos\u2019un yay\u0131nlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu (%70) yasak kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra muhtemelen ara\u00e7 kullanacaklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/sup><\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funluk ayn\u0131 zamanda muhtemelen yeni bir ara\u00e7 alacaklar\u0131n\u0131, iki haneden biri de s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcy\u00fc i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p o arac\u0131 kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydetti.[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Suudi Arabistan yollar\u0131ndaki s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak ikiye katlanmas\u0131, otomotiv end\u00fcstrisindeki tedarik zincirlerinin artan aksesuar, servis, ara\u00e7 y\u0131kama tesisleri ve sigorta ihtiyac\u0131ndan k\u00e2r sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 bekleniyor[26]<\/a>. Gelecek on y\u0131l i\u00e7inde, yasan\u0131n do\u011frudan sonucu olarak ara\u00e7 say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ilave %20 artmas\u0131 bekleniyor[27]<\/a> \u2013 sigortac\u0131lar\u0131n ve \u00fcreticilerin en \u00e7ok kazananlar olaca\u011f\u0131 da a\u00e7\u0131k.<\/p>\n

Lider otomotiv \u00fcreticilerinin yasaya tepkisi h\u0131zl\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131yd\u0131. Ford ve Volkswagen hemen kad\u0131nlar\u0131 tebrik eden reklamlar yay\u0131nlad\u0131[28]<\/a>, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re Suudi Arabistan hem kad\u0131n odakl\u0131 pazarlama kampanyalar\u0131n hem de iki ara\u00e7l\u0131 aile say\u0131s\u0131nda art\u0131\u015fa tan\u0131kl\u0131k edecek.<\/p>\n

Ancak, yasan\u0131n baz\u0131 i\u015f kollar\u0131 \u00fczerinde olumsuz etkileri de olacak. Uber<\/em>, \u00f6rne\u011fin, Suudi Arabistanl\u0131 yolcular\u0131n\u0131n %80\u2019inden fazlas\u0131n\u0131n kad\u0131n oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131[29]<\/a>. Bu talebin 2018 yaz\u0131ndan itibaren d\u00fc\u015fece\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek mant\u0131kl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Careem<\/em> s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcleri de b\u00fcy\u00fck ihtimalle olumsuz etkilenecek. Suudi Arabistan\u2019da ayn\u0131 zamanda 100.000\u2019in \u00fczerinde \u201ckay\u0131tl\u0131\u201d taksi var[30]<\/a>, gittik\u00e7e artan say\u0131da kad\u0131n s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc ehliyeti ald\u0131k\u00e7a bunlara olan talep de d\u00fc\u015febilir.<\/p>\n

Dolayl\u0131 avantajlar<\/h2>\n

Makroekonomik d\u00fczeyde, Suudi Arabistan\u2019daki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131ndaki \u00f6nemli art\u0131\u015flar b\u00fcy\u00fck ulusal ba\u015far\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. \u00d6nemli do\u011frudan ekonomik etkisinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Suudi Arabistanl\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n, ailelerin ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6nlerden etkileyecektir; zihinsel sa\u011fl\u0131k ve memnuniyetten b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli yoksullu\u011fun azalt\u0131lmas\u0131na ve Suudi Arabistan\u2019\u0131n gelecek nesillerinin e\u011fitim beklentilerini y\u00fckseltmelerine kadar.<\/p>\n

YouGov\u2019un Orta Do\u011fu\u2019da \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan kad\u0131nlar \u00fczerinde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re[31]<\/a>, i\u015f bulman\u0131n ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmenin en \u00f6nemli \u00fc\u00e7 motivasyonu:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u201cFinansal a\u00e7\u0131dan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmak;<\/li>\n
  2. Ev halk\u0131n\u0131 desteklemek \/ onlara maddi olarak katk\u0131da bulunmak, ve;<\/li>\n
  3. Hayata dair bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmek.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ara\u00e7 kullanmas\u0131na izin veren yasa bu \u00fc\u00e7 amac\u0131n hepsini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur; ger\u00e7ek hayat \u00fczerindeki etkileri de az\u0131msanmamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6re, \u201ckad\u0131nlar\u0131n istihdam\u0131 hane gelirini \u2013 %25 kadar – \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rabilir ve pek \u00e7ok aileyi yoksulluktan kurtarabilir<\/em>\u201d[32]<\/a>. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, bu gelecek nesil i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli avantajlar sa\u011flayabilir.<\/p>\n

    Uluslararas\u0131 Stratejik Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (International Institute for Strategic Studies) Jeoekonomi ve Strateji Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Alia Moubayed kad\u0131nlar\u0131n gelirlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131yla \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n e\u011fitimine yat\u0131r\u0131m yapma e\u011filimine dikkat \u00e7ekiyor. Suudi Arabistan\u2019da i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcnde yer alan daha y\u00fcksek oranda kad\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 i\u00e7in okul kay\u0131t oranlar\u0131n\u0131 daha da y\u00fckselteceklerine inan\u0131yor. Ona g\u00f6re bu, \u201cyoksullu\u011fun azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ya\u015fam standard\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckseltilmesi i\u00e7in kritik bir etken<\/em>\u201d[33]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    \"\"
    Jameel Toplumunun Bab Rizq Jameel Kad\u0131n \u0130stihdam\u0131 giri\u015fimi ge\u00e7en y\u0131l Suudi Arabistan\u2019da 26.634 kad\u0131n i\u00e7in i\u015f yarat\u0131lmas\u0131na ve bulunmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. 2016 rakam\u0131na g\u00f6re BRJ Kad\u0131n \u0130stihdam\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 2007 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri 96 \u015fehir ve k\u00f6yde \u00fcstlenilen proje ve giri\u015fimlerle yarat\u0131lan toplam i\u015f say\u0131s\u0131 121.529\u2019dur.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    Suudi Arabistan\u2019da daha parlak bir gelecek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yoruz . . .<\/h2>\n

    Abdul Latif Jameel Suudi Arabistan kad\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n yeteneklerinin, becerilerinin ve \u00e7abalar\u0131n\u0131n her zaman fark\u0131nda olmu\u015ftur. Onlarca y\u0131ld\u0131r Suudi Arabistan\u2019daki t\u00fcm vatanda\u015flar\u0131n ve daha geni\u015f MENAT b\u00f6lgesinin refah\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00e7evreyi iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in hi\u00e7 yorulmaks\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u2013 Suudi Arabistan gen\u00e7leri i\u00e7in \u00f6\u011frenim, e\u011fitim ve istihdam f\u0131rsatlar\u0131 sunan, Jameel Toplumunun temel giri\u015fimlerinden biri olan \u2013 Bab Rizq Jameel, Cidde\u2019deki bir etkinlikte Bab Rizq Jameel Female Recruitment Company (\u0130\u015fe Al\u0131m \u015eirketini) lanse etti. Sadece o y\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda, Bab Rizq Jameel kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in 18.015 i\u015f yarat\u0131lmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu[34]<\/a>. Bab Rizq Jameel Female Recruitment Company K\u0131demli Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc Rola Basamad, grubun \u201ccinsiyet e\u015fitli\u011fine ve \u00fcretken bir toplum ve geli\u015fen ekonomi yaratmada kad\u0131n\u0131n kritik rol\u00fcne olan temel inanc\u0131n\u0131<\/em>\u201d vurgularken \u015firketin \u201cSuudi Arabistan\u2019daki kad\u0131nlara becerilerini geli\u015ftirmeleri ve yerli i\u015f pazar\u0131nda ayakta kalmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir platform sa\u011flama<\/em>\u201d hevesini ana hatlar\u0131yla belirtti.[35]<\/a><\/p>\n

    2016 itibar\u0131yla, Bab Rizq Jameel yakla\u015f\u0131k 1.400 \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r \u015firketiyle ortakl\u0131k yapm\u0131\u015f ve Suudi<\/p>\n

    \"\"
    Suudi Arabistanl\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n pazara girmesini destekleyen Nafisa Shams Academy for Arts & Crafts (G\u00fczel Sanatlar ve El Sanatlar\u0131 Akademisi) 2006 y\u0131l\u0131nda kuruldu (ad\u0131n\u0131 Abdul Latif Jameel\u2019in merhum e\u015finden al\u0131yor). Ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan beri, Akademi 7.000\u2019den fazla kad\u0131na e\u011fitim sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

    Arabistan\u2019da 100.000\u2019den fazla kad\u0131n i\u00e7in i\u015f yarat\u0131lmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmu\u015ftu[36]<\/a>. \u201cKararl\u0131y\u0131z\u2026 yeni yeti\u015fen gen\u00e7 yeteneklerin geli\u015fimine yat\u0131r\u0131m yapaca\u011f\u0131z ve Suudi Arabistanl\u0131 kad\u0131nlar aras\u0131nda gurur hissi olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131z<\/em>,\u201d diyor Basamad.<\/p>\n

    Abdul Latif Jameel i\u015fletmeleri aras\u0131ndaki di\u011fer kurulu\u015flar da h\u00fck\u00fcmetin kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ekonomiye katk\u0131s\u0131 konusundaki ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015farmas\u0131na yard\u0131m etmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli zaman, enerji ve kaynak yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n

    . . . ve d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda<\/h2>\n

    Bu odak noktas\u0131 sadece Suudi Arabistan’la s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fil. Merkezi Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019nde Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)\u2019de bulunan Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (Yoksulluk Eylem Laboratuvar\u0131) (J-PAL), yoksullu\u011fu azaltabilecek olan potansiyel ulusal, b\u00f6lgesel ve k\u00fcresel politikalar\u0131 \u00e7evreleyen bilimsel kan\u0131tlar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmeye devam ediyor. Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n daha fazla ekonomik katk\u0131 yapmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak, yoksullu\u011fun azalt\u0131lmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak potansiyel \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerde kilit rol oynayabilir.<\/p>\n

    “E\u011fer, toplum olarak, kad\u0131nlar\u0131 siyasi olarak g\u00fc\u00e7lendirebilirsek\u2014liderler, bilin\u00e7li se\u00e7men ve aktif yurtta\u015f olarak\u2014kendi ekonomik hayatlar\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc almalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f oluruz. Bu, onlar\u0131n ekonomik katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fclkenin geli\u015fiminden sa\u011flad\u0131klar\u0131 avantajlara yans\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar<\/em>,”[37]<\/a> dedi J-PAL aday \u00fcyesi Rohini Pande, Mart 2017\u2019de Uluslararas\u0131 Kad\u0131n G\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen bir etkinlikte. Bu, Opening Doors\u2019un \u0130lkbahar 2017 say\u0131s\u0131nda da yay\u0131nland\u0131, devam\u0131n\u0131 buradan<\/a> okuyabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

    J-PAL aday \u00fcyesi Erica Field \u015funlar\u0131 ekledi: \u201cGe\u00e7en on y\u0131l i\u00e7inde, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar kad\u0131nlar\u0131n ekonomik ve sosyal olarak g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesinin etkilerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra sosyal politikalar\u0131n ve programlar\u0131n kad\u0131nlar \u00fczerindeki farkl\u0131 etkileri \u00fczerine kan\u0131tlar olu\u015fturdu. Hem kad\u0131nlar\u0131n hem de erkeklerin refah\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131racak kalk\u0131nma programlar\u0131 tasarlamak i\u00e7in bu etkileri anlamak ve \u00f6l\u00e7mek \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir<\/em>.”<\/p>\n

    Bug\u00fcne kadar, J-PAL aday \u00fcyeleri 39 \u00fclkede politikalar\u0131n ve programlar\u0131n kad\u0131nlar ve k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkilerine odaklanan 140\u2019tan fazla de\u011ferlendirme y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc. Bunlar aras\u0131nda \u00e7ocuk evlili\u011fini ve gebeli\u011fini<\/a> \u00f6nleme; y\u00fcksek kalitede e\u011fitime<\/a>, iyi i\u015flere<\/a> ve liderlik f\u0131rsatlar\u0131na<\/a> eri\u015fimi kolayla\u015ft\u0131rma; ailelerinde ve toplumlar\u0131nda karar verme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme<\/a> \u00e7abalar\u0131 ve daha fazlas\u0131 yer al\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

    J-PAL gibi k\u00fcresel \u00e7apta dikkat \u00e7eken ara\u015ft\u0131rma programlar\u0131 ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131 ekonomik olarak g\u00fc\u00e7lendirip istihdam f\u0131rsatlar\u0131na ula\u015fmalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olma giri\u015fimleri ile Abdul Latif Jameel her Suudi Arabistan vatanda\u015f\u0131n\u0131n kendi potansiyelini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilece\u011fi ortam\u0131 desteklemeye devam edecek; \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun iyili\u011fine katk\u0131da bulunacak ve \u00fclkenin Vizyon 2030\u2019da belirtilen b\u00fcy\u00fck reformlar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmesine ve geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 ama\u00e7lara ula\u015fmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmaya devam edecek.<\/p>\n

    [1]<\/a> Vision 2030, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, April 2017<\/p>\n

    [2]<\/a> Saudi Arabia driving ban on women to be lifted<\/a>, BBC News, 27 September 2017<\/p>\n

    [3]<\/a> Saudi Arabia to allow women into sports stadiums<\/a>, BBC News, 29 October 2017<\/p>\n

    [4]<\/a> Women Can Drive Now in Saudi Arabia. Here\u2019s What They Still Can\u2019t Do<\/a>. Fortune, 28 September 2017<\/p>\n

    [5]<\/a> Opening Doors: Gender Equality and Development in the Middle East and North Africa<\/a>, The World Bank, 2013<\/p>\n

    [6]<\/a> Saudi Arabia to allow women into sports stadiums as reform push intensifies<\/a>, The Guardian, 30 October 2017<\/p>\n

    [7]<\/a> Saudi Arabia allows cinemas for first time in over 35 years<\/a>, Center for International Communication, Ministry of Culture and Information, Saudi Arabia, 11 December 2017<\/p>\n

    [8]<\/a> Saudi Arabia Marks 87th<\/sup> National Day With Series of Concerts, Plays and Entertainment Events<\/a>, Business Wire, 24 September 2017<\/p>\n

    [9]<\/a> Saudi Arabia Marks 87th<\/sup> National Day With Series of Concerts, Plays and Entertainment Events<\/a>, Business Wire, 24 September 2017<\/p>\n

    [10]<\/a> The Bayt.com Status of Working Women in the Middle East Survey, Bayt and YouGov, November 2014<\/p>\n

    [11]<\/a> Opening Doors: Gender Equality and Development in the Middle East and North Africa<\/a>, The World Bank, 2013<\/p>\n

    [12]<\/a> 130% spike in Saudi women joining workforce; 11.1 million expats in private sector<\/a>, Gulf News, 4 July 2017<\/p>\n

    [13]<\/a> Saudi Arabia Beyond Oil: The investment and productivity transformation<\/a>, McKinsey Global Institute, December 2015<\/p>\n

    [14]<\/a> Keys to The Kingdom: The slow rise of Saudi women<\/a>, BBC, 9 April 2015<\/p>\n

    [15]<\/a> Vision 2030, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, April 2017<\/p>\n

    [16]<\/a> 130% spike in Saudi women joining workforce; 11.1 million expats in private sector<\/a>, Gulf News, 4 July 2017<\/p>\n

    [17]<\/a> Despite high education levels, Arab women still don\u2019t have jobs<\/a>, The World Bank, 3 September 2016<\/p>\n

    [18]<\/a> Labor force, female (% of total labor force)<\/a>, The World Bank, accessed November 2017<\/p>\n

    [19]<\/a> How advancing women\u2019s equality can add $12 trillion to global growth<\/a>, McKinsey Global Institute, September 2015<\/p>\n

    [20]<\/a> How Female Drivers Can Spur Growth in Saudi Arabia<\/a>, Bloomberg, 27 September 2017<\/p>\n

    [21]<\/a> How Female Drivers Can Spur Growth in Saudi Arabia<\/a>, Bloomberg, 27 September 2017<\/p>\n

    [22]<\/a> Driving ban survey Saudi Arabia<\/a>, Ipsos, December 2017<\/p>\n

    [23]<\/a> Saudi Royal decree will help families save money currently spent on private drivers, Arab News<\/a>, 27 September 2017<\/p>\n

    [24]<\/a> Saudi Royal decree will help families save money currently spent on private drivers, Arab News<\/a>, 27 September 2017<\/p>\n

    [25]<\/a> Driving ban survey Saudi Arabia<\/a>, Ipsos, December 2017<\/p>\n

    [26]<\/a> The real winner from Saudi\u2019s new stance on women drivers<\/a>, The National, 22 October 2017<\/p>\n

    [27]<\/a> The real winner from Saudi\u2019s new stance on women drivers<\/a>, The National, 22 October 2017<\/p>\n

    [28]<\/a> Saudi Arabia wants to revitalize its economy. Letting women drive will be part of that.<\/a> The Washington Post, 29 September 2017<\/p>\n

    [29]<\/a> Saudi Arabia bought a huge stake in Uber. What does that mean for female drivers?<\/a> The Washington Post, 2 June 2016<\/p>\n

    [30]<\/a> Women allowed to drive in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from 2018: Will this reshape mobility patterns?<\/a> New Mobility, 3 October 2017<\/p>\n

    [31]<\/a> The Bayt.com Status of Working Women in the Middle East Survey, Bayt and YouGov, November 2014<\/p>\n

    [32]<\/a> The Status and Progress of Women in the Middle East and North Africa<\/a>, The World Bank, accessed November 2017<\/p>\n

    [33]<\/a> How Female Drivers Can Spur Growth in Saudi Arabia<\/a>, Bloomberg, 27 September 2017<\/p>\n

    [34]<\/a> Bab Rizq Jameel launches a company for female recruitment in Saudi Arabia<\/a>, Abdul Latif Jameel, 15 September 2015<\/p>\n

    [35]<\/a> Bab Rizq Jameel launches a company for female recruitment in Saudi Arabia<\/a>, Abdul Latif Jameel, 15 September 2015<\/p>\n

    [36]<\/a> Bab Rizq Jameel enables more women to enter the workforce in Saudi Arabia by helping generate thousands of employment opportunities<\/a>, Abdul Latif Jameel, 20 June 2016<\/p>\n

    [37]<\/a> Celebrating International Women\u2019s Day<\/a>, Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab, 8 March 2017<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":15125,"template":"","tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nOrta Do\u011fu\u2019nun h\u0131zla geli\u015fen otomotiv pazarlar\u0131 | Abdul Latif Jameel\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Suudi Arabistan'\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki on y\u0131l ve sonras\u0131nda ekonomisini geli\u015ftirme hedefi, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n topluma ve ekonomiye katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi oldu.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/alj.com\/tr\/perspective\/changing-future-economic-role-women-saudi-arabia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Orta 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