{"id":53530,"date":"2019-10-28T12:46:28","date_gmt":"2019-10-28T12:46:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.alj.com\/perspective\/electric-vehicles-primed-to-give-auto-market-major-jolt\/"},"modified":"2020-05-19T11:13:58","modified_gmt":"2020-05-19T11:13:58","slug":"electric-vehicles-primed-to-give-auto-market-major-jolt","status":"publish","type":"perspective","link":"https:\/\/alj.com\/tr\/perspective\/electric-vehicles-primed-to-give-auto-market-major-jolt\/","title":{"rendered":"Elektrikli ara\u00e7lar oto pazar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck sars\u0131nt\u0131ya yol a\u00e7t\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Elektrikli ara\u00e7lar (EV’ler) i\u00e7in ba\u015far\u0131ya giden yol, y\u0131llarca abart\u0131l\u0131 iddialar, yanl\u0131\u015f ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7lar ve ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hedeflerle uzun ve engebeli olmu\u015ftur. Ancak, EV’ler i\u00e7in ekonomik<\/em> durum, \u00e7evresel olan kadar zorlay\u0131c\u0131 hale geldi\u011finden bu zor g\u00f6revin sonu nihayet yak\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn kan\u0131tlar, otomotiv pazar\u0131n\u0131n ve genel olarak toplumun, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fi\u011finde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Gelecek on y\u0131l boyunca y\u00fcz milyondan fazla yeni EV’nin yollara kat\u0131lmas\u0131 bekleniyor ve bu da ki\u015fisel ula\u015ft\u0131rma kavram\u0131n\u0131 sonsuza dek de\u011fi\u015ftirecektir.<\/p>\n

Profesyonel dan\u0131\u015fma a\u011f\u0131 Deloitte, 2022’yi d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olarak tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r; bu y\u0131l, EV’lere sahip olma ve idame fiyat\u0131n\u0131n, i\u00e7ten yanmal\u0131 motorlu emsalleri ile ayn\u0131 seviyeye ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131 noktad\u0131r: \u201cSahip olma maliyeti art\u0131k sat\u0131n alma konusunda bir engel te\u015fkil etmedi\u011finde, EV\u2019ler herhangi bir yeni araba al\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i ve uygulanabilir <\/em>bir se\u00e7enek olacakt\u0131r. \u201d<\/em>[1]<\/a><\/p>\n

\"Kas\u0131m
Kas\u0131m 2017\u2019de, BMW Group 100.000\u2019inci elektrikli arac\u0131n\u0131n teslimat\u0131n\u0131 kutlad\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0130\u015faretler halihaz\u0131rda \u015f\u00fcphe g\u00f6t\u00fcrmez \u015fekilde olumlu. 2017’de, yakla\u015f\u0131k bir milyon EV, global olarak ara\u00e7 \u015farj istasyonlar\u0131ndan ayr\u0131ld\u0131 ve bu da end\u00fcstri i\u00e7in bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 oldu. Elektrikli ara\u00e7lar d\u00fcnya sat\u0131\u015f veritaban\u0131 olan EV hacimleri verileri, 2019 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sadece ilk alt\u0131 ay\u0131nda 1,1 milyondan fazla \u015farjl\u0131 elektrikli arac\u0131n sat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyor. Bu, t\u00fcm pille \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ve \u015farjl\u0131 hibrit (PHEV) binek otomobil sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131, Amerika’daki hafif kamyonlar\u0131 ve Avrupa ve Asya’daki hafif ticari ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7ermektedir.[2]<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"Bir\u00e7o\u011funa g\u00f6re, EV’lere ge\u00e7i\u015f, en az\u0131ndan halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, yeterince yak\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeyecek. BM \u00c7evre Program\u0131na g\u00f6re, iklim emisyonlar\u0131na en h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcyen katk\u0131y\u0131 ula\u015ft\u0131rma sekt\u00f6r\u00fc yap\u0131yor. Otomobil ve di\u011fer ara\u00e7lardan gelen siyah karbon ve azot dioksit dahil partik\u00fcller ayr\u0131ca solunum ko\u015fullar\u0131, fel\u00e7, kalp krizi, demans ve diyabet gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli hastal\u0131klara da yol a\u00e7\u0131yor[3]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n

Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019nde, otomobil ve kamyonlar ABD emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n neredeyse be\u015fte birini olu\u015ftururken, otomobil, kamyonlar, u\u00e7aklar, trenler, gemiler ve navlun dahil olmak \u00fczere ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fc bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak ABD\u2019nin t\u00fcm k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 30\u2019unu \u00fcretiyor; neredeyse di\u011fer her sekt\u00f6rden daha fazla.[4]<\/sup><\/a> \u0130ngiltere\u2019de ise, hava kirlili\u011fi her y\u0131l tahminen 40.000 erken \u00f6l\u00fcme neden olmaktad\u0131r.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n

Veriler de\u011fi\u015fmekle birlikte, bir\u00e7ok bilim adam\u0131 atmosferi mevcut seviyelerde kirletmeye devam edersek y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonuna kadar k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda birka\u00e7 derece art\u0131\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011fine inanmakta ve tahmin edilebilece\u011fi gibi bunun y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 ile petrol ve gaz\u0131n 50 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde t\u00fckenecek olmas\u0131, EV arg\u00fcman\u0131n\u0131 daha da acil hale getiriyor.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n

Bu konular kadar k\u00fcresel olarak \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fundan, EV’lerin sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131ran yaln\u0131zca \u00e7evresel kayg\u0131lar de\u011fildir. T\u00fcketiciler i\u00e7in, sat\u0131n alma fiyat\u0131, i\u015fletme maliyetleri ve yeniden sat\u0131\u015f de\u011feri mikro ekonomik arg\u00fcman\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra uygunluk da karara etki eden fakt\u00f6rler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r ve bu noktada EV\u2019lerde \u00e7ok \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fikler meydana gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Fiyat ve kullan\u0131m kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131, en \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fiklikleridir<\/h3>\n

Uzun zamand\u0131r EV\u2019lerin en b\u00fcy\u00fck dezavantaj\u0131 olan pil fiyatlar\u0131 h\u0131zla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Hen\u00fcz 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda, ABD’de tipik bir EV otomobilinin bataryas\u0131 toplam maliyetinin y\u00fczde 57’sini olu\u015fturuyordu. \u015eu anda y\u00fczde 33 ve 2025 itibar\u0131yla y\u00fczde 20’ye d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f olacak.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ak\u00fcn\u00fcn yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, \u00f6l\u00e7ek ekonomileri verimlili\u011fi art\u0131rmaya devam ettik\u00e7e, EV’ler i\u00e7in motor, invert\u00f6r ve elektronik cihazlar\u0131n maliyeti 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar bug\u00fcnden y\u00fczde 25 ila 30 daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olabilir.[8]<\/a><\/p>\n

EV’lerde meydana gelen patlama hi\u00e7bir yerde \u00c7in\u2019den daha belirgin de\u011fildir. K\u00fcresel yat\u0131r\u0131m devi JP Morgan, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki y\u0131l, 100-150 km yolculuklar i\u00e7in tasarlanan daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck pil paketleri ile t\u00fcm k\u00fcresel EV sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 59’unun \u00fclkede ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011fini ve bunun h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi destekleyece\u011fini tahmin ediyor. Yaln\u0131zca \u00c7in\u2019de faaliyet g\u00f6steren y\u00fczlerce EV \u00fcreticisi ile \u00fclke, 2017\u2019de \u00fcretim hatt\u0131ndan yakla\u015f\u0131k 700.000 yeni EV \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131 ve bu say\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n geri kalan\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131ndan daha fazla. \u00c7in’deki mini EV’lerin 6.250 ABD Dolar\u0131 gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir fiyattan ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bu anla\u015f\u0131labilir.[9]<\/a><\/p>\n

Al\u0131c\u0131lar hem c\u00fczdanlar\u0131yla hem de ahlaki de\u011ferleriyle hareket etti\u011finde, bu etkili bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131md\u0131r. Ancak, kendi ba\u015f\u0131na, EV’lerin ger\u00e7ekten uzun vadeli bir ana ak\u0131m mobilite \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 garanti etmek yeterli de\u011fildir. Yak\u0131n zamana kadar yapbozun hayati bir par\u00e7as\u0131 – belki de en \u00f6nemli par\u00e7as\u0131 – h\u00e2l\u00e2 eksikti: EV’leri destekleyen altyap\u0131. Sonu\u00e7ta, e\u011fer pil bo\u015fsa ve \u015farj i\u00e7in tak\u0131labilece\u011fi hi\u00e7bir yer yoksa, elektrikli araba ne i\u015fe yarar?<\/p>\n

\"Public<\/p>\n

Bu t\u00fcr endi\u015feler h\u0131zla ortadan kalkmaktad\u0131r. Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l\u0131n sonuna kadar, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 600.000 \u015farj noktas\u0131 kuruldu; hatta art\u0131k Google Haritalar bile bir EV \u015farj noktas\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kullan\u0131mda m\u0131 yoksa \u00fccretsiz mi oldu\u011funu size s\u00f6yleyebilir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7in, yine bu konuda da lider durumda ve bu tesislerin yar\u0131s\u0131na sahip ve 2020 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar 4 milyon yeni \u015farj noktas\u0131 kurmay\u0131 hedefliyor.[10]<\/a><\/p>\n

Di\u011fer \u00fclkeler h\u0131zla not al\u0131yor. Kaliforniya’da eyalet, \u015farj a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletmek i\u00e7in 1 milyar ABD dolar\u0131 ay\u0131rd\u0131. Bu arada Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k\u2019ta, h\u00fck\u00fcmet, her ikisi de yeni finansman kazanan kablosuz \u015farj ve ‘pop-up’ kald\u0131r\u0131m teknolojileri ile elektrik \u015farj noktalar\u0131 a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in 50 milyon ABD dolar\u0131 yat\u0131r\u0131m yap\u0131yor.[11]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201cUygunluk\u201d kavram\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f mesafelerine de yans\u0131yor ve tabii ki, EV’ler \u015farjlar aras\u0131nda daha uzun yolculuklar yapmak i\u00e7in teknolojiyi yava\u015f yava\u015f al\u0131yorlar. Halen geli\u015ftirilmekte olan EV’ler, lityum-iyon form\u00fclasyonlar\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmeler, malzemelerin daha yo\u011fun hale gelmesi ve batarya y\u00f6netim sistemindeki ilerlemeler sayesinde, geleneksel motorlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir menzilleri ile \u00f6v\u00fcnecek. Reel anlamda, Polestar 2, Porsche Taycan ve Mercedes-Benz EQC gibi mevcut tempo belirleyiciler, tek bir \u015farjla birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz kilometre yol kat edebiliyor. Yak\u0131nda bunlar, Tesla\u2019n\u0131n bin kilometrelik potansiyel seyahat mesafesi vaat eden yeni jenerasyon 2020 Roadster\u2019i taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6lgede b\u0131rak\u0131lacak.[12]<\/a><\/p>\n

EV’ler yak\u0131nda \u015fehir trafi\u011findeki k\u0131sa mesafeli s\u00fcr\u00fc\u015flerden daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 yapacak \u2013 \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki mesafelere yap\u0131lan yolculuklarla m\u00fccadele edebilecekler.<\/p>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcmetler EV hedeflerine yasama deste\u011fi sa\u011fl\u0131yor<\/h3>\n

\u00c7o\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck otomotiv pazar\u0131, EV’lerin ve di\u011fer temiz ara\u00e7lar\u0131n pop\u00fclaritesini artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in oyun de\u011fi\u015ftiren yak\u0131t ekonomisini ve emisyon hedefleri koydular. \u00d6rne\u011fin, AB emisyon kurallar\u0131na uymak i\u00e7in, BEV (bataryal\u0131 elektrikli ara\u00e7) ve PHEV (fi\u015fe tak\u0131labilen hibrit elektrikli ara\u00e7) birle\u015ftirilmi\u015f pazar pay\u0131n\u0131n 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar en az y\u00fczde 22\u2019ye ula\u015fmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi ve BEV\u2019lerin bu miktar\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir.[13]<\/a><\/p>\n

Ayn\u0131 zamanda, bir\u00e7ok h\u00fck\u00fcmet potansiyel EV al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in finansal te\u015fvikler vermeye ikna edildi. Fiyat s\u00fcbvansiyon programlar\u0131 ve ara\u00e7 vergisi muafiyetleri hem bireysel t\u00fcketiciler hem de i\u015fletmeler i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli te\u015fviklerdir. Her yerde yollar daha fazla say\u0131da ara\u00e7 y\u00fck\u00fcyle inlerken EV\u2019ler i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikli \u015feritlerin \u00e7o\u011falmas\u0131, onlar\u0131 daha da \u00e7ekici hale getirecektir.<\/p>\n

Belirli co\u011frafi pazarlarda, geleneksel otomobillere s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 eri\u015fim veya hatta tamamen yasaklanmas\u0131 gibi baz\u0131 \u00f6nlemler daha da gaddar olacakt\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Atina, Madrid, Mexico City ve Paris belediye ba\u015fkanlar\u0131, on y\u0131l i\u00e7inde caddelerinde dizel ara\u00e7 ve vanlar\u0131n tamamen yasaklanmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik kanun \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 planlad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi. Madrid ilave olarak, EV olmayan ara\u00e7lar i\u00e7in daha y\u00fcksek \u00fccretlerin \u00f6dendi\u011fi iki kademeli bir park \u00f6deme plan\u0131n\u0131 deniyor. Bu arada Paris, 2000’den \u00f6nce imal edilen, daha fazla kirlilik yaratan dizel ara\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00e7oktan yasaklad\u0131.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyada bir ilk olma hedefiyle Norve\u00e7, 2025 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar yeni dizel ve benzinli ara\u00e7 sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131na tamamen son verecek. Hindistan, Fransa, Almanya ve \u00c7in, Norve\u00e7’in ayak izlerini takip etmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor; Hindistan\u2019\u0131n 2030\u2019a kadar konvansiyonel motorlar\u0131 yasaklama niyeti, \u00fclkedeki milyonlarca otomatik \u00e7ek\u00e7ek\u2019in k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00fcne sahip kirletici oldu\u011funu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6zellikle \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Uluslararas\u0131 Enerji Ajans\u0131 (IEA) Global EV Outlook 2019 raporunda \u015funlar\u0131 s\u00f6yledi: \u201c\u00d6zel sekt\u00f6r, politika sinyallerine ve teknoloji geli\u015fmelerine proaktif bir \u015fekilde cevap veriyor\u201d<\/em>. \u201cArtan say\u0131da orijinal ekipman \u00fcreticisi (OEM), sadece otomobiller i\u00e7in de\u011fil, di\u011fer karayolu ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6ntemleri i\u00e7in de sunduklar\u0131 modelleri elektrikli hale getirme niyetinde oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.\u201d<\/em>[14]<\/a><\/p>\n

Markalar son s\u00fcrat elektrik devrimini takip ediyor<\/h3>\n
\"Volkswagen
Volkswagen Grubu \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 10 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde 70 elektrikli modeli piyasaya s\u00fcrmeyi planl\u0131yor. Foto\u011fraf Volkswagen, Frankfurt IAA 2019<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Gittik\u00e7e artan hibrit ara\u00e7 yelpazesiyle, hibritlerde d\u00fcnya pazar lideri olan Toyota, VW, BMW ve Nissan gibi geleneksel otomobil markalar\u0131, elektrik devrimi i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir destek sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 t\u00fcketici \u00e7evre duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, artan talep ve artan altyap\u0131 nedeniyle, ancak daha \u00f6nemlisi yasal filo CO2<\/sub> emisyonlar\u0131na ula\u015fma ihtiyac\u0131 ve AB\u2019den gelen a\u011f\u0131r para cezalar\u0131 nedeniyle. Ger\u00e7ekten de \u00fcreticiler zor bir kararla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalabilir ve baz\u0131 daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve daha ucuz yanmal\u0131 motor modelleri art\u0131k ekonomik olarak uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in daha pahal\u0131 EV modelleri ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmek \u00fczere \u00fcretimden kald\u0131r\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

Yenilik\u00e7i, tek alanda \u00fcretim yapan elektrikli ara\u00e7 markas\u0131 da ye\u015fil mobilitede ilerlemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyor.<\/p>\n

Tesla tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z EV ara\u00e7lar\u0131nda en \u00e7ok bilinen isim. 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan Tesla, ilk EV’si olan Model S’yi 2012’de piyasaya s\u00fcrd\u00fc ve 250.000’den fazla ara\u00e7 satt\u0131. 2015’te Model X ve 2017’de Model 3 ile devam etti ve yak\u0131nda yedi ki\u015filik, \u00fc\u00e7 koltuk s\u0131ras\u0131 i\u00e7eren daha geni\u015f Model Y\u2019nin lansman\u0131n\u0131 yapacak. \u015eirket \u015fimdi ara\u00e7lar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra SUV, kamyonet, minib\u00fcs ve insans\u0131z taksilere y\u00f6neliyor.<\/p>\n

\"RIVIANGelecek nesil EV’lerin \u00f6n saflar\u0131nda yer alan ABD merkezli bir ba\u015fka marka ise Abdul Latif Jameel\u2019in ilk yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri oldu\u011fu RIVIAN<\/u>\u2018d\u0131r. 700 milyon ABD Dolarl\u0131k fon dilimi \u015eubat 2019’da\u00a0\u00e7evrimi\u00e7i perakende devi Amazon, ard\u0131ndan ABD\u2019li otomobil \u00fcreticisi Ford Motor Co. (500 milyon ABD Dolar\u0131) ve en son da Cox Automotive (350 milyon ABD Dolar\u0131) taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netildi. RIVIAN’\u0131n ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fon ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fcyd\u00fc ve Cox’un en son yat\u0131r\u0131m\u0131yla birlikte en az 2 milyar ABD dolar\u0131 tutar\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131. MIT’den makine m\u00fchendisli\u011fi alan\u0131nda doktoras\u0131 bulunan ve Clark Kent\u2019e benzeyen CEO’su RJ Scaringe, on y\u0131ldan fazla bir s\u00fcre elektrikli ara\u00e7lar konusundaki fikirlerini rafine etti ve Tesla\u2019dan Elon Musk i\u00e7in anlaml\u0131 bir rakip oldu\u011funu kan\u0131tlad\u0131.<\/p>\n

EV alan\u0131nda odak noktas\u0131n\u0131 net bir \u015fekilde \u2019performans\u2019 \u00fczerine yerle\u015ftirmeyi hedefleyen RIVIAN, Kas\u0131m 2018’deki LA Auto Show’da ilk iki modeli olan bir elektrikli kamyoneti ve bir elektrikli SUV’yi tan\u0131tt\u0131. Ara\u00e7lar (s\u0131ras\u0131yla R1T ve R1S olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r) \u2018Seviye 3 Otonom\u2019 olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmaktad\u0131r, yani s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler g\u00fcvenle g\u00f6zlerini yoldan ay\u0131rabilir. Uzun vadeli taahh\u00fcd\u00fcn\u00fcn bir g\u00f6stergesi olarak, Rivian 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda Illinois\u2019deki eski Mitsubishi tesisini 16 milyon ABD Dolar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sat\u0131n ald\u0131. Bug\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k 1.300 ki\u015fiyi istihdam eden Rivian\u2019\u0131n personel say\u0131s\u0131 o g\u00fcnden beri be\u015f kat artt\u0131 ve \u015fu anda Kaliforniya, Michigan ve Illinois\u2019de personeli bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

ABD, EV piyasas\u0131n\u0131 ileriye g\u00f6t\u00fcren tek pazar de\u011fil. 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan \u00c7inli \u00fcretici NIO<\/a>, otonom EV’lerde uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve 2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda otomobillerini kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k yollarda denemeye ba\u015flamas\u0131 i\u00e7in Kaliforniya’da Otonom Ara\u00e7 Test \u0130zni verilmi\u015ftir. S\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcs\u00fcz teknolojisi i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir i\u015ftah\u0131 olan NIO, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l New York Borsas\u0131nda 1.8 milyar ABD Dolar\u0131 tutar\u0131nda bir halka arz ba\u015fvurusunda bulundu. Mevcut modelleri aras\u0131nda 2 kap\u0131l\u0131 coup\u00e9 EP9 ve iki SUV, ES6 ve ES8 yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"Volvo2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulan \u00c7in-\u0130sve\u00e7 ortak giri\u015fimi Lynk & Co<\/a>, internet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 ve geni\u015f kapsaml\u0131 ki\u015fiselle\u015ftirme se\u00e7eneklerini vurgulayarak gen\u00e7 al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 hedefliyor. 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7in’de 120.000’den fazla sat\u0131\u015f ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. Bu arada \u0130sve\u00e7 merkezli Polestar<\/a>, otomotiv devi Volvo’nun dikkatini \u00e7ekti ve Volvo geli\u015fim plan\u0131ndaki daha deneysel kanad\u0131 y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda Polestar Performans b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc sat\u0131n ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fleri bozan say\u0131s\u0131z k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00c7inli EV firmas\u0131n\u0131n etkisi de g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilemez. Bunlar aras\u0131nda \u015fu firmalar bulunmaktad\u0131r: BYD<\/a>, bir defa \u015farj edilebilir pil \u00fcreticisidir, \u015fu anda y\u00fczde 25\u2019ine yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 Warren Buffett sahiptir ve eski Ferrari ve Mercedes-Benz tasar\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 EV ekibine \u00e7ekmektedir. Devlete ait BAIC<\/a>\u2018\u0131n EC Serisi \u015fehir arabas\u0131, 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00e7ok satan EV’si oldu. Xpeng<\/a>\u2018in Tesla’dan ilham alan G3 modelinin sat\u0131\u015f fiyat\u0131 sadece 33.000 ABD Dolar\u0131d\u0131r ve fiyat\u0131 rakiplerinin \u00e7o\u011fundan \u00e7ok daha ucuzdur. Ve Byton<\/a> gibi en son kat\u0131lanlar.<\/p>\n

EV pazar\u0131 gelecek y\u0131llarda geli\u015ftik\u00e7e, \u015fu anda daha az bilinen markalardan herhangi biri k\u00fcresel devler aras\u0131na kat\u0131labilir. Bu, EV \u00fcreticilerinin ba\u015far\u0131 i\u00e7in alt\u0131n bir bilet ald\u0131klar\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez. Piyasa ayn\u0131 zamanda sansasyonel ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131klar da g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00d6zellikle ABD’li \u00fcretici Fisker Automotive\u2019in Kuzey Amerika Uluslararas\u0131 Otomobil Fuar\u0131\u2019nda g\u00f6sterime girdikten sonra Fisker Karma plug-in hibridiyle b\u00fcy\u00fck bir etki yapmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ancak, \u00c7in batarya tedarik\u00e7isi iflas ba\u015fvurusunda bulunduktan sonra \u00fcretti\u011fi 2.450 Karmas ile \u00fcretim durduruldu. Benzer \u015fekilde, ABD’li start-up Faraday Future 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda kuruldu ve \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l sonra ilk \u00fcretim arac\u0131 olan elektrikli SUV FF 91\u2019i duyurdu. Ancak, \u00fcretim tesisleri i\u00e7in y\u00fcz milyonlarca dolar ay\u0131rmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, finansal sorunlar, i\u015fletmenin Nevada\u2019da 1 milyar dolarl\u0131k bir tesisi iptal etmesine neden oldu ve daha sonra bir yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 anla\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ve personel i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na neden oldu.<\/p>\n

Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z EV Start-up\u2019lar\u0131<\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

EV\u2019lerin parlak gelece\u011fi<\/h3>\n

Bu uyar\u0131lar\u0131n sanayi taraf\u0131ndan dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekmesine ra\u011fmen, ortam \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir ve EV\u2019ler i\u00e7in pazar h\u0131zla geli\u015fmektedir. Yukar\u0131daki aksamalara neden olan ko\u015fullar halihaz\u0131rda ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Yakla\u015fmakta olan \u00e7evresel krizle k\u00fcresel ba\u011flant\u0131 d\u00fczeyi, birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce bile d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemezdi; uzmanlar ve t\u00fcketiciler art\u0131k iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin \u00fcstesinden gelmenin d\u00fcnyam\u0131z\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu ve EV\u2019lerin ki\u015fisel mobilitenin gelece\u011finde bask\u0131n bir rol oynayaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinde birle\u015fmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Ye\u015fil konular \u015fimdi ana ak\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Bu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc sat\u0131n alma d\u00fcrt\u00fcs\u00fc (\u015farj noktalar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131zl\u0131 art\u0131\u015f\u0131, artan s\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f mesafeleri, tercihli vergi indirimleri ve daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ara\u00e7 ve batarya fiyatlar\u0131 ile birlikte), en sonunda, ilgin\u00e7 ters k\u00f6\u015fe tercihinden ziyade EV’lerin yeni otomobil al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in varsay\u0131lan se\u00e7enek oldu\u011funu g\u00f6recektir. Piyasa geni\u015fledik\u00e7e ve birle\u015ftik\u00e7e, yat\u0131r\u0131mlar daha g\u00fcvenli bahisler olarak kabul edilecektir. Bile\u015fen arz\u0131 daha g\u00fcvenilir hale gelecektir. Mevcut en son teknoloji daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a ve daha yayg\u0131n bir \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131k\u00e7a, end\u00fcstrinin ilk giri\u015fimcilerini s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131ya sokan teknik zorluklardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6nemsiz hale gelecektir.<\/p>\n

EV’lere do\u011fru itmek ger\u00e7ekten k\u00fcresel bir giri\u015fim olsa da, ba\u015far\u0131n\u0131n bir anahtar\u0131 gelecekteki benimseme modellerini \u00f6ng\u00f6rmek olacakt\u0131r. Halihaz\u0131rda, Uluslararas\u0131 Enerji Ajans\u0131 yerel e\u011filimlerin ve tercihlerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit etti. 2020’deki EV sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7in OEM hedefleri, IEA\u2019n\u0131n 2DS (2\u00b0C) senaryosuyla uyumlu hale getirildi.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin \u00c7in, elektrikli otob\u00fcslerde ve iki tekerlekli ara\u00e7larda b\u00fcy\u00fcmenin ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekiyor ve filosu k\u00fcresel stokun y\u00fczde 99\u2019unu olu\u015fturuyor. \u00c7in, Fransa ve Hollanda, saf bataryal\u0131 ara\u00e7lara do\u011fru en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc y\u00f6nelimi kaydederken, Japonya, \u0130sve\u00e7 ve \u0130ngiltere al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 bunun yerine hibrit modellere y\u00f6neliyor.[15]<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"
Jeff Bezos, EV \u015firketi RIVIAN’dan 100.000 adet tam elektrikli Amazon da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m arac\u0131n\u0131n sipari\u015f edildi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/span>
\nFoto\u011fraf\u0131 Veren: AP \/ Pablo Martinez Monsivais<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Kompozisyon ne olursa olsun, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131ndaki resim, EV’lerin ard\u0131ndaki e\u015fi benzeri olmayan momentumu g\u00f6stermektedir. Asl\u0131nda, Deloitte, EV’lerin 2024 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar t\u00fcm yeni ara\u00e7 sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczde 10’unu olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin ediyor. 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda 4 milyon adetin sat\u0131\u015f\u0131, 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar h\u0131zla 21 milyon adete ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yolunu a\u00e7acak.[16]<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00dcreticilerden uzakta, ba\u015fka bir yerde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir i\u015fletme zaten bunu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7ti. Amazon CEO’su Jeff Bezos, 2040 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar karbon sal\u0131n\u0131m\u0131nda devasa bir azalt\u0131m yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve RIVIAN\u2019dan 100.000 elektrikli da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m arac\u0131 sipari\u015f edildi\u011fini duyurdu. Bu ara\u00e7lar\u0131n 10.000\u2019i 2022 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar ve 100.000 arac\u0131n tamam\u0131 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar yollarda olacak ve \u201c2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar y\u0131lda 4 milyon metrik ton karbon tasarrufu\u201d yap\u0131lacak.<\/em><\/p>\n

Stanford \u00dcniversitesi’nde ekonomi profes\u00f6r\u00fc olan Tony Seba 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cTarihteki en h\u0131zl\u0131, en derin, en \u00f6nemli nakliye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlerinin birinin e\u015fi\u011findeyiz\u201d<\/em> yazd\u0131.[17]<\/a><\/p>\n

Otomotiv pazar\u0131n\u0131n gelece\u011fi heyecan verici. Abdul Latif Jameel de bunun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olmaktan gurur duyuyor.<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www2.deloitte.com\/content\/dam\/Deloitte\/uk\/Documents\/manufacturing\/deloitte-uk-battery-electric-vehicles.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ev-volumes.com\/news\/81958\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Gearing up for change: transport sector feels the heat over emissions<\/a><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ucsusa.org\/clean-vehicles\/car-emissions-and-global-warming<\/a><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> Gearing up for change: transport sector feels the heat over emissions<\/a><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/how-long-before-we-run-out-of-fossil-fuels#note-6<\/a><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/opinion\/articles\/2019-04-12\/electric-vehicle-battery-shrinks-and-so-does-the-total-cost<\/a><\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/opinion\/articles\/2019-04-12\/electric-vehicle-battery-shrinks-and-so-does-the-total-cost<\/a><\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpmorgan.com\/global\/research\/electric-vehicles<\/a><\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.jpmorgan.com\/global\/research\/electric-vehicles<\/a><\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/business-48913028<\/a><\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www2.deloitte.com\/content\/dam\/Deloitte\/uk\/Documents\/manufacturing\/deloitte-uk-battery-electric-vehicles.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www2.deloitte.com\/content\/dam\/Deloitte\/uk\/Documents\/manufacturing\/deloitte-uk-battery-electric-vehicles.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iea.org\/publications\/reports\/globalevoutlook2019\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iea.org\/publications\/reports\/globalevoutlook2019\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www2.deloitte.com\/content\/dam\/Deloitte\/uk\/Documents\/manufacturing\/deloitte-uk-battery-electric-vehicles.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/move-is-on-to-ban-diesel-cars-from-cities\/a-42747043<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":53350,"template":"","tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nElektrikli Ara\u00e7lar Otomobil Pazar\u0131nda Devrim Yaratt\u0131 | Abdul Latif Jameel\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki on y\u0131l i\u00e7inde y\u00fcz milyondan fazla yeni Elektirikli Ara\u00e7'\u0131n D\u00fcnya yollar\u0131nda yerini almas\u0131 beklendi\u011finden, otomotiv pazar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131n\u0131n zirvesine ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/alj.com\/tr\/perspective\/electric-vehicles-primed-to-give-auto-market-major-jolt\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" 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