{"id":98812,"date":"2022-05-10T09:30:26","date_gmt":"2022-05-10T09:30:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alj.com\/perspective\/the-skys-the-limit\/"},"modified":"2022-06-29T06:52:11","modified_gmt":"2022-06-29T06:52:11","slug":"the-skys-the-limit","status":"publish","type":"perspective","link":"https:\/\/alj.com\/tr\/perspective\/the-skys-the-limit\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130stikbal g\u00f6klerde"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jameel Ailesinin yat\u0131r\u0131m kolu JIMCO<\/a><\/u>\u2019dan (Jameel Investment Management Co.) al\u0131narak tekrar yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/h4>\n

\u015eehirlerimiz kalabal\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131k\u00e7a daha \u00e7ok yer kaplayan otomobil, kamyon ve motosiklet gibi kara ta\u015f\u0131ma ara\u00e7lar\u0131; daha fazla trafik s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, daha fazla g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcye, daha fazla kirlili\u011fe ve daha fazla g\u00fcvenlik tehlikesine neden oluyor. Elektrikli hava ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 daha temiz, daha sessiz, kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n daha az oldu\u011fu ve daha s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir kentsel ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k modeline do\u011fru bir y\u00fckseli\u015f sa\u011flayabilir mi?<\/p>\n

Tarihte ilk kez, kentte ya\u015fayan insanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 k\u0131rsal alanlarda ya\u015fayan insan say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7ti. \u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki otuz y\u0131l i\u00e7inde k\u00fcresel n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n neredeyse tamam\u0131n\u0131n \u015fehirlerde ve kasabalarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. BM\u2019ye g\u00f6re, bug\u00fcn yakla\u015f\u0131k 4,4 milyar olan \u015fehir n\u00fcfusunun 2050 y\u0131l\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 6,7 milyara \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 bekleniyor[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyada, \u00f6zellikle \u00c7in ve Hindistan gibi h\u0131zla b\u00fcy\u00fcyen pazarlarda artan \u00f6zel ara\u00e7 sahipli\u011fi oran\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra tren, tramvay ve otob\u00fcs gibi toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma altyap\u0131lar\u0131na yap\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 da hesaba katt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, kentsel alanlar\u0131m\u0131z gitgide daha kalabal\u0131k ve s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131k olacak gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Elektrikli araba, otob\u00fcs veya tramvay gibi ye\u015fil ula\u015f\u0131m \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri her ne kadar CO2 <\/sub>emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olsa da trafik s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fcnden t\u00fcm benzin t\u00fcketen ara\u00e7lar kadar sorumlular.<\/p>\n

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Neredeyse tamamen sessiz bir \u015fekilde dikey kalk\u0131\u015f ve ini\u015f yapabilen elektrikli hava ara\u00e7lar\u0131 (electric vertical take-off and landing craft – eVTOL), insanlar\u0131 ve mallar\u0131 yo\u011fun kent merkezlerinden uza\u011fa, bo\u015f g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131kararak \u015fehirlerimizi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrecek ve daha huzurlu, daha ye\u015fil ve daha g\u00fcvenli hale getirecektir.<\/p>\n

Yo\u011fun n\u00fcfuslu merkezlerden 80 km\u2019ye kadar uzakta bulunan k\u0131rsal kesimler, aradaki yollar\u0131n durumu ne olursa olsun ya\u015famak i\u00e7in daha uygun yerler haline gelebilir. \u0130nsanlar zorunda olduklar\u0131<\/em> yerde de\u011fil, istedikleri<\/em> yerde ya\u015fayabilirler. \u0130zole topluluklar daha ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 hale gelebilir ve hem t\u0131bbi \u00fcr\u00fcnlere hem de g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine daha kolay ula\u015fabilirler.<\/p>\n

Tekerlekli ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131k paradigmas\u0131n\u0131n hakim oldu\u011fu g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda, b\u00f6yle alternatif \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri bir bilim kurgu senaryosu gibi asla ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeyecek imkans\u0131z hayaller olarak g\u00f6rmek olduk\u00e7a m\u00fcmk\u00fcn. Ancak biraz daha yak\u0131ndan bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda pek \u00e7ok elektrikli u\u00e7u\u015f uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n zaten mevcut oldu\u011funu, daha pek \u00e7ok teknolojinin de geli\u015ftirilmekte oldu\u011funu ve bu ekonomik modelin eri\u015filebilir oldu\u011funu g\u00f6receksiniz. Morgan Stanley[2]<\/sup><\/a> taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, 2050 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar eVTOL vas\u0131tas\u0131yla ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n 9 trilyon ABD dolar\u0131 de\u011ferinde bir pazar hacmine ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ve bu raporda hava ula\u015f\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn kara ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131na bask\u0131n gelip gelmeyece\u011fine<\/em> dair bir ku\u015fku olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, yaln\u0131zca bunun ne zaman<\/em> ger\u00e7ekle\u015fece\u011finin merak konusu oldu\u011fu g\u00fcvenle belirtiliyor.<\/p>\n

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\u0130nsanlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131ma<\/h2>\n
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Brezilya\u2019n\u0131n S\u00e3o Paulo \u015fehrindeki helikopter trafi\u011fi.\u00a0 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re bu kalabal\u0131k mega \u015fehir, g\u00fcnde 700\u2019\u00fcn \u00fczerinde u\u00e7u\u015f yapan 400 (eyalet genelinde ise 700\u2019\u00fcn \u00fczerinde) kay\u0131tl\u0131 helikopter ile New York ve Tokyo\u2019nun \u00f6n\u00fcnde yer al\u0131yor. Yani 12 milyon n\u00fcfusa sahip olan bu \u015fehirde 17.000 ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na bir helikopter d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Bu, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en y\u00fcksek de\u011feri. Foto\u011fraf Sahibi\u00a9 Ashley Harper<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

U\u00e7ak taksiler, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en yo\u011fun \u015fehirlerinde y\u00fczlerce ki\u015fi i\u00e7in halihaz\u0131rda g\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u015fe gidi\u015f-geli\u015f seyahatlerinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131[3]<\/sup><\/a>. Brezilya\u2019n\u0131n k\u0131rsal b\u00f6lgelerinden S\u00e3o Paulo\u2019ya gelen, Hong Kong ile Macau aras\u0131nda seyahat eden veya Dubai\u2019deki yapay adadan g\u00f6kdelenlere ge\u00e7en zengin gezginler, trafik s\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u201c\u00fczerine\u201d \u00e7\u0131kmak ve g\u00f6klerden s\u00fcz\u00fclerek var\u0131\u015f noktalar\u0131na gitmek i\u00e7in binlerce dolar \u00f6d\u00fcyorlar.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn geli\u015fmi\u015f teknolojileri sayesinde, yollar\u0131n \u00fczerinde ilerleyebilen eVTOL hava ara\u00e7lar\u0131yla \u00e7o\u011fu insan\u0131n \u00e7ok daha kolay eri\u015febilece\u011fi fiyatlarla toplu ta\u015f\u0131ma olanaklar\u0131 sunuluyor.<\/p>\n

Mevcut durumda pek \u00e7ok insan i\u015fe u\u00e7arak gitme fikrine hala \u00e7ekimser yakla\u015fsa da McKinsey[4]<\/sup><\/a> taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, yollardaki yo\u011funluk artt\u0131k\u00e7a bu \u00e7ekimserli\u011fin azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Di\u011fer t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerden daha k\u00f6t\u00fc bir trafi\u011fe sahip olan Hindistan; i\u015fe gidi\u015f geli\u015f, i\u015f seyahatleri ve havaalan\u0131 transferleri gibi ula\u015f\u0131ma en \u00e7ok ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan durumlara ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n %31 ila %47\u2019sinin hava ula\u015f\u0131m\u0131 fikrine en s\u0131cak bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fclke olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

The Jameel Investment Management Company (JIMCO<\/a><\/u>), bu heyecan verici sekt\u00f6rde m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 zorlamaya destek olan bir ka\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131dan biri. Abdul Latif Jameel<\/a><\/u>, uzun s\u00fcredir i\u015f orta\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu Toyota <\/a><\/u>Motor Corporation, Intel Capital ve JetBlue Technology Ventures\u2019\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, bireysel kullan\u0131ma y\u00f6nelik bir eVTOL in\u015fa eden \u015firketler aras\u0131nda en \u00e7ok ilerleme kaydeden Kaliforniya merkezli Joby Aviation<\/a>\u2019da bir erken yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131yd\u0131. \u015eirketteki di\u011fer yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar aras\u0131nda Uber ve Capricorn Investment Group (Tesla ve SpaceX\u2019in \u00f6nemli destek\u00e7ileri) bulunuyor.<\/p>\n