{"id":105665,"date":"2023-01-27T06:39:43","date_gmt":"2023-01-27T06:39:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alj.com\/?post_type=spotlight-fadyjameel&p=105665"},"modified":"2023-05-05T11:14:20","modified_gmt":"2023-05-05T11:14:20","slug":"ambalajda-sakli-sorun","status":"publish","type":"spotlight-fadyjameel","link":"https:\/\/alj.com\/tr\/spotlight-by-fady-jameel\/ambalajda-sakli-sorun\/","title":{"rendered":"Ambalajda sakl\u0131 sorun"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ambalaj sekt\u00f6r\u00fc, k\u00fcresel olarak y\u0131lda bir trilyon dolardan fazla de\u011fere[1]<\/a> sahiptir. \u00dcstelik bu sekt\u00f6r, e-ticaret nedeniyle tedarik zincirinin, hammaddelerin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131ndan t\u00fcketicinin eline ula\u015fmas\u0131na kadar geni\u015flemesiyle ambalajlama, k\u00fcresel ekonominin i\u015fleyi\u015fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hi\u00e7 bu kadar \u00f6nemli olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan ambalaj, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bir sorun te\u015fkil etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Sanayile\u015fmi\u015f toplumlardaki t\u00fcm at\u0131klar\u0131n y\u00fczde otuzu tek ba\u015f\u0131na ambalajlardan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r[2]<\/sup><\/a>. Buna karton ve ka\u011f\u0131ttan tutun da basit ve bile\u015fik plastiklere, metallere hatta kuma\u015flara kadar her t\u00fcrl\u00fc malzeme dahildir.<\/p>\n

Ambalaj \u015f\u00fcphesiz \u00e7ok de\u011ferli ama\u00e7lara hizmet etmektedir. \u00d6zellikle g\u0131da veya t\u0131bbi malzemelerde raf \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc uzatman\u0131n ve tedarik zincirlerini basitle\u015ftirmenin etkili bir yoludur. Bozulabilir maddeler veya bandajlar veya hipodermik i\u011fneler gibi steril ekipmanlar i\u00e7in hijyenik sarg\u0131lar, bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve kullan\u0131labilirli\u011fini geli\u015ftirebilir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ekici ve iyi tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir ambalaj, t\u00fcketiciye yeni \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn kutusunu a\u00e7t\u0131ktan sonra daha iyi bir deneyim sunabilir. Ayr\u0131ca kutuda yer alan bas\u0131l\u0131 talimatlar veya par\u00e7alara eklenen \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilir etiketler yoluyla t\u00fcketiciyi e\u011fitmeye de yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n

Burada sorulmas\u0131 gereken soru; ambalajlaman\u0131n faydalar\u0131, israfa ve bunun sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u00e7evresel etkiye k\u0131yasla daha m\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r bas\u0131yor?<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

21. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sorunu mu?<\/h2>\n

\u00dcr\u00fcnlerin \u00f6nceden paketlenmesi bir norm haline gelmeden \u00f6nce ma\u011fazalar \u00fcr\u00fcnleri toplu olarak sat\u0131n al\u0131r ve her bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc sat\u0131\u015f noktas\u0131nda ka\u011f\u0131da sarard\u0131; bunun istisnas\u0131 ise konserve g\u0131dalar gibi \u00f6nceden paketlenmi\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcnlerdi.<\/p>\n

1916\u2019da m\u00fc\u015fterilerin kendi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini kendilerinin doldurup ald\u0131klar\u0131 ABD\u2019deki Piggly Wiggly\u2019nin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan 1948 y\u0131l\u0131nda Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k\u2019ta Londra Kooperatif Derne\u011fi\u2019nin, Londra\u2019da a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 self servis s\u00fcpermarketlerle birlikte farkl\u0131 bir al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f tarz\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyuldu. Ma\u011faza g\u00f6revlileri, her seferinde m\u00fc\u015fterilerin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnleri tek tek tartmak zorunda de\u011fildi. Pakete girebilen her \u015fey paketleniyordu.<\/p>\n

Art\u0131k hemen hemen her ma\u011faza self servis modelini takip ediyor ve her \u00fcretici ambalajlar\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc kendisi \u00fcstleniyor. 1980\u2019lerde cam ve ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131n yerini plastik alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r[3]<\/sup><\/a> ve ambalaj sorunu deyince bir\u00e7ok t\u00fcketicinin akl\u0131na plastik gelir. Oysa i\u015fin asl\u0131 \u00e7ok daha karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

K\u00f6t\u00fc \u015f\u00f6hreti plasti\u011fin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, b\u00f6ylece ambalaj at\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131k yaln\u0131zca %19\u2019u plastik bazl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu oran, cama yak\u0131n bir miktard\u0131r. \u00dcstelik at\u0131lan ambalajlar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k\u00e7a %40\u2019\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan ka\u011f\u0131t ve kartondansa \u00e7ok daha azd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ka\u011f\u0131t, karton, metal, cam ve \u00e7o\u011fu plastikten olu\u015fan ambalaj\u0131n t\u00fcm ana bile\u015fenleri geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilir veya kompost hale getirilebilir olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, AB\u2019de ambalaj at\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131ndan az\u0131 geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcrken[4]<\/sup><\/a> geri kalan\u0131 at\u0131k sahas\u0131na gider.<\/p>\n

ABD, ambalaj at\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n %54\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc[5]<\/sup><\/a> geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmesine ve %9\u2019unu enerji \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in yakarak bir ba\u015fka \u00fcr\u00fcnde kullanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen her y\u0131l 30 milyon tondan fazla ambalaj at\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir olmayan bir \u015fekilde imha ediyor.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Peki, insanlar\u0131n ve \u015firketlerin ambalaj at\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen nedir?<\/p>\n

G\u00f6zden \u0131rak olan g\u00f6n\u00fclden de \u0131rak olur<\/h2>\n

Onlarca y\u0131l boyunca, ambalajda s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fe y\u00f6nelik \u00e7abalar genel olarak azaltma ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme odaklanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Aral\u0131k 1994\u2019te kabul edilen ve d\u00f6nemine y\u00f6n veren bir mevzuat olarak kabul edilen 94\/62\/EC say\u0131l\u0131 Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB) direktifi[6]<\/sup><\/a>, at\u0131k sahas\u0131 at\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve plastik kirlili\u011fini azaltmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6netmeli\u011fe g\u00f6re tasar\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n ve \u00fcreticilerin kullan\u0131lan ambalaj miktar\u0131n\u0131 en aza indirmeleri, belirli toksik kirleticileri ortadan kald\u0131rmalar\u0131 ve ambalaj kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz oldu\u011fu her yerde geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc hedeflemeleri gerekiyordu.<\/p>\n

Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, piyasaya uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan beri yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda at\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olsa da bunu asla tamamen ortadan kald\u0131rmayacakt\u0131r. Ama\u00e7 ortadan kald\u0131rmak yerine sadece azaltmak oldu\u011funda ambalaj \u015firketleri ellerinden gelenin en iyisini yapsalar bile her zaman biraz at\u0131k olu\u015facakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Onlarca y\u0131ld\u0131r, ambalaj at\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netmenin genel ilkesi \u201cg\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn \u00f6n\u00fcnde olmas\u0131n da nerde olursa olsun\u201d \u015feklindeydi. Bu, Avrupa ve Kuzey Amerika\u2019daki yetkililerin di\u011fer halklara, \u00f6zellikle \u00c7in ve Uzak Do\u011fu halklar\u0131na, bu at\u0131klardan onlar\u0131n yerine kurtulmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6deme yapmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyordu. Ancak 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00c7in H\u00fck\u00fcmeti, \u00c7in\u2019deki limanlar\u0131n[7]<\/sup><\/a> geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme y\u00f6nelik 24 farkl\u0131 at\u0131k t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc kabul etmesini engelleyen bir yasa \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. Bunlar aras\u0131nda, s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f ka\u011f\u0131t ve tek kullan\u0131ml\u0131k \u015fi\u015felerde yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan bir plastik t\u00fcr\u00fc olan polietilen tereftalat (PET) yer almaktad\u0131r. \u0130thal edilen milyonlarca ton at\u0131k birikiyor, geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclemiyor, kirli ve b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sa\u011fl\u0131k tehlikesine neden oluyor; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funu ham maddelere geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek ekonomik de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

Bu, insanlar\u0131n \u201cyang laji\u201d yani \u201cyabanc\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6p\u201d olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 \u015feye kar\u015f\u0131 \u00fclke \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir kampanya d\u00fczenlemesine yol a\u00e7t\u0131 ve 1 Ocak 2018\u2019de ithalatlar durduruldu. Baz\u0131 at\u0131k t\u00fcrleri teorik olarak yasaklanmam\u0131\u015f olsa da gerekli hijyen standartlar\u0131 limanlar\u0131n sevkiyatlar\u0131 i\u015fleme koyamayacaklar\u0131 kadar y\u00fcksekti. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, men\u015fe \u00fclkeler bunlar\u0131 genellikle geri alamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc indirimli fiyatlar\u0131 bile \u00c7in se\u00e7ene\u011fiyle rekabet edemeyen kendi geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm end\u00fcstrileri ya tamamen yok olmu\u015f ya da art\u0131k bu rekabetle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kacak tesislere sahip de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya’daki \u00fclkeler, Malezya, Vietnam ve Tayland da dahil olmak \u00fczere, eskiden \u00c7in’e giden at\u0131klar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 hala daha kabul ediyor, ne var ki bu at\u0131klarla ayn\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7ekte ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kabilecek kapasiteye sahip de\u011filler[8]<\/sup><\/a>. \u015eu anda bile, bu \u00fclkeler belirli t\u00fcrde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131n\u0131ftaki at\u0131klar\u0131 geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrecek tesislere sahip de\u011filler. Bu at\u0131klar yak\u0131lmakta veya at\u0131k sahas\u0131na g\u00f6nderilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm finansman\u0131<\/h2>\n

Al\u00fcminyum veya karton kutular gibi baz\u0131 at\u0131k t\u00fcrleri, geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm tesislerini ekonomik olarak uygulanabilir hale getirecek kadar de\u011ferlidir ve bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkedeki yayg\u0131n toplama rejimleri, bunun \u00e7ok ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin ABD\u2019deki karton geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm oran\u0131 %91\u2019dir[9]<\/sup><\/a>. Ancak att\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok ambalaj t\u00fcr\u00fc i\u00e7in geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcreci \u00e7ok pahal\u0131d\u0131r ve bunun sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan hammaddeler bu s\u00fcrecin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterli de\u011fere sahip de\u011fildir. Bu, \u00f6zellikle uyumsuz olan malzemelerden bir su ge\u00e7irmezlik katman\u0131 olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in karton ve plastik malzemelerin birle\u015ftirildi\u011fi meyve suyu kutular\u0131 gibi kompozit ambalajlar\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcreci s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn ekonomik olarak kullan\u0131lamaz olmas\u0131n\u0131n iki ana nedeni vard\u0131r: enerji maliyetleri ve kullan\u0131lan malzemelerin karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bir al\u00fcminyum geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm \u015firketinin k\u00e2r elde etmek i\u00e7in basit bir denklemi vard\u0131r: geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcrecinde kullan\u0131lan enerjinin maliyeti, geri kazan\u0131lan malzemenin de\u011ferinden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmal\u0131d\u0131r. At\u0131k al\u00fcminyum genellikle g\u0131da kutusu gibi ambalajlardan b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda saf halde kolayca toplanmakta, bu nedenle enerji fiyatlar\u0131 \u00e7ok y\u00fckselmedi\u011fi s\u00fcrece geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcreci de kolay olmaktad\u0131r. Bu, kendi kendine olu\u015fturulan g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetli yenilenebilir enerji kullan\u0131m\u0131 ile daha uygun maliyetli hale getirilebilen bir fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u00d6te yandan, \u00f6rne\u011fin cep telefonlar\u0131ndaki galyumu veya elektrikli ara\u00e7 ak\u00fclerindeki kobalt\u0131 geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren bir \u015firket, sat\u0131labilir bir emtia ile sonu\u00e7lanan safla\u015ft\u0131rma s\u00fcrecine ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce hedef bile\u015fenleri izole etmesini gerektiren karma\u015f\u0131k bir teknik zorlukla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki bir\u00e7ok yeni \u015firketin, yenilik\u00e7i yollarla bu sorunlar\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelerek ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmek cesaret verici. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u0130spanya firmas\u0131 Sulayr[10]<\/sup><\/a>, katmanl\u0131 karma\u015f\u0131k plastik ambalajlar\u0131n katmanlar\u0131na ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 ve farkl\u0131 plastiklerin tedarik zincirine geri g\u00f6nderilmesini sa\u011flayan yeni bir teknik geli\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n

Bile\u015fik malzemelerle ilgili zorluklar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmede ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olsalar bile sadece zorunlu at\u0131klar\u0131 azaltman\u0131n ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc art\u0131rman\u0131n ambalaj sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir k\u0131lmak i\u00e7in yeterli olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyorlar.<\/p>\n

Sulayr, ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 daha kolay olacak katmanl\u0131 plastikler geli\u015ftirmek ve geri kazan\u0131m i\u00e7in gereken enerji miktar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak amac\u0131yla BASF ve Bobst[11]<\/sup><\/a> dahil olmak \u00fczere plastik \u00fcretim end\u00fcstrisinde birka\u00e7 ortakla birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ambalaj, kullan\u0131m \u00f6mr\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmeden tasarlan\u0131p \u00fcretildi\u011finde, geri kazan\u0131m\u0131ndaki karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar ve bir\u00e7ok yerde karma \u00fcr\u00fcnleri geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrecek tesislerin olmamas\u0131 nedeniyle tam geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm neredeyse imkans\u0131zd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ambalaj end\u00fcstrisinin karbon emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurursak geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm tek kullan\u0131ml\u0131k ambalajdan daha iyidir, ancak yine de yeniden kullan\u0131m modellerine k\u0131yasla daha y\u00fcksek bir maliyete sahiptir. Geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm end\u00fcstrisi, at\u0131k imha sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn en b\u00fcy\u00fck sera gaz\u0131 yay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r[12]<\/sup><\/a> ve b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klar gerektirdi\u011finden dolay\u0131, yaln\u0131zca \u0130ngiltere\u2019de y\u0131lda 13 milyar ton CO2<\/sub> yaymaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm yerine yeniden kullan\u0131m<\/h2>\n

Utrecht \u00dcniversitesi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar[13]<\/sup><\/a>, her ikisi de kullan\u0131m \u00f6m\u00fcrlerinin sonunda geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclse bile yeniden kullan\u0131labilir bir plastik \u015fi\u015fenin, tek kullan\u0131ml\u0131k bir \u015fi\u015feye k\u0131yasla kullan\u0131m \u00f6mr\u00fc boyunca karbon emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131 yar\u0131ya daha az oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir. \u0130mkan varsa kompostlama daha az sera gaz\u0131 salar, ancak kompostlanabilir sert plastik \u00e7e\u015fitleri hala \u00e7ok azd\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Karton gibi y\u00fcksek geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm oranlar\u0131na sahip at\u0131klar, at\u0131k sorununa b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir, ancak nihai hedefin, \u00e7evreye kar\u015f\u0131 daha az ama yine de sorun yaratan zararlar i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 hedeflere ula\u015fmak yerine ger\u00e7ek<\/em> s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine inan\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n

Ambalaj\u0131n ger\u00e7ekten s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in end\u00fcstrinin \u00fcretilen, kullan\u0131lan ve imha edilen hammadde zincirini tamamen k\u0131rmas\u0131 gerekir. Ambalajlama, \u00fcretimden imhaya uzanan bir hat yerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu bir d\u00f6ng\u00fc haline gelmelidir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Neden ambalaja ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var? Bertaraf ve y\u00f6netimi bu kadar \u00e7ok soruna neden olan ambalaj\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmak daha iyi olmaz m\u0131yd\u0131?<\/p>\n

Hayat\u0131m\u0131zda \u00f6nemli bir yere sahip \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin \u00e7o\u011funun kullan\u0131m\u0131 ambalaja ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. COVID-19 a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131n zamanda piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, so\u011fuk da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m zinciri[14]<\/sup><\/a> ve tek tek steril kaplar olmadan imkans\u0131z olurdu. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bu iki ambalaj y\u00f6ntemi de ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta taze ve dondurulmu\u015f g\u0131dalar\u0131n s\u00fcpermarketlere so\u011fuk da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirildi.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zenle tasarlanm\u0131\u015f ambalajlar, \u00fcr\u00fcnleri koruyup ve raf \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc uzatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in taze g\u0131dalar\u0131n ambalajs\u0131z olarak sat\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u0131da israf\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131racakt\u0131r. Bozuk g\u0131dadan kimse k\u00e2r elde edemez, bu nedenle ticari zorunluluklar ve israf\u0131 azaltma \u00e7abas\u0131 birlikte hareket eder.<\/p>\n

\u015eimdi, ambalaj ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm yenilik\u00e7ileri, bu sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn sundu\u011fu bir\u00e7ok avantaj\u0131 korumaktan daha ileri gitmeye ve ambalaj at\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tamamen ortadan kald\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Ambalaj\u0131n amac\u0131n\u0131 yeniden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek<\/h2>\n
\"\"
Foto\u011fraf Sahibi \u00a9 Loop<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

ABD\u2019li geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm \u015firketi TerraCycle\u2019in bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan Loop, yeniden kullan\u0131labilir ambalajlar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck eden \u015firketlerden biridir.<\/p>\n

Yeniden kullan\u0131m elbette yeni bir fikir de\u011fildir. Pek \u00e7ok \u0130ngiliz, s\u00fctlerin cam \u015fi\u015felerde kap\u0131ya b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bu \u015fi\u015felerin iade edilip sterilize edildikten sonra s\u00fct \u00fcr\u00fcnleri i\u00e7in yeniden kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanlar\u0131 hat\u0131rlayacakt\u0131r. Propan gaz\u0131 her zaman iade edilebilir t\u00fcplerle sat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve bira fabrikalar\u0131 bir sonraki sipari\u015f teslim edildi\u011finde geri almak \u00fczere biray\u0131 f\u0131\u00e7\u0131larla da\u011f\u0131t\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Avrupal\u0131 s\u00fcpermarket m\u00fc\u015fterileri her seferinde yeni torbalar sat\u0131n almak yerine kendi torbalar\u0131n\u0131 getirmeye al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndaki kafeler, m\u00fc\u015fterileri kendi yeniden kullan\u0131labilir bardaklar\u0131n\u0131 getirdiklerinde \u00f6d\u00fcllendiriyorlar, ancak di\u011fer sekt\u00f6rler i\u00e7in bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 daha zordur. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u00e7o\u011fu \u00fclkede paket servis g\u0131dalar neredeyse her zaman tek kullan\u0131ml\u0131k kaplarda sunulur. Berlin\u2019deki Original Unverpackt[15]<\/sup><\/a> ve New Jersey\u2019deki Good Bottle Refill Shop gibi bir dizi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ma\u011fazan\u0131n \u00e7abalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen, m\u00fc\u015fterilerin g\u0131da, temizlik \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ve tuvalet malzemeleri sat\u0131n al\u0131rken b\u00fcy\u00fck kaplardan kendi po\u015fetlerine doldurmas\u0131 uygulamas\u0131 pek tutmad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Loop, \u00f6nceden paketlenmi\u015f mallar\u0131n rahatl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve tedarik zincirine olan faydalar\u0131n\u0131 tek kullan\u0131ml\u0131k ambalaj\u0131n at\u0131k sorunlar\u0131 olmadan t\u00fcketicilere sunmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor[16]<\/sup><\/a>. \u00dcr\u00fcnler, ma\u011fazalardaki Loop kaplar\u0131ndan sat\u0131n al\u0131n\u0131r veya t\u00fcketicilerin evlerine \u00f6zel olarak tasarlanm\u0131\u015f kaplarda teslim edilir ve i\u00e7indekiler t\u00fckendi\u011finde kutular, kartonlar ve \u015fi\u015feler bu kaplara bo\u015falt\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Loop daha sonra bu kaplar\u0131 toplar, ba\u015fka bir kab\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131r ve ambalaj\u0131 geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek veya geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclemeyen ambalajlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6pe g\u00f6ndermek yerine y\u0131kar ve yeniden kullan\u0131r. Bu ambalajlar hasar g\u00f6rd\u00fcklerinde veya ba\u015fka bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lamaz hale geldiklerinde, TerraCycle i\u015fleme tesislerinde tamamen geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilir veya kompostla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilirler.<\/p>\n

Loop bu \u015fekilde ambalaj at\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tamamen ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r. \u015eirketin ABD\u2019de kendi e-ticaret teslimat hizmetine sahip ve Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k\u2019ta \u00fclkenin en b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u00fcpermarket zinciri olan Tesco\u2019nun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Procter & Gamble ve Burger King gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck isimlerle ortakl\u0131klar\u0131 bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Loop CEO\u2019su Tom Skazy, yak\u0131nda evlerin geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm kutular\u0131yla birlikte standartla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u201cyeniden kullan\u0131m\u201d kutular\u0131na sahip olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u015fu anda cam ve ka\u011f\u0131d\u0131 ay\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 kadar do\u011fal bir \u015fekilde yeniden kullan\u0131labilir kaplar\u0131 sisteme dahil edeceklerini belirtti.<\/p>\n

Y\u00f6netim dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015firketi McKinsey\u2019in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma, baz\u0131 segmentlerdeki m\u00fc\u015fterilerin geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ambalaj i\u00e7in %5\u2019e kadar daha fazla \u00f6demeye istekli oldu\u011funu ancak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fe ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in ne yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finden emin olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir[17]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n

Loop\u2019s gibi d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel ekonomi giri\u015fimleri kolay a\u00e7\u0131klanabilen ve eksiksiz \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler sunar. McKinsey, geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ambalaj\u0131n perakende fiyat\u0131n\u0131 yaln\u0131zca %1 veya %2 oran\u0131nda art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hesaplarken, yeniden kullan\u0131m\u0131n fiyata etkisini bulmak i\u00e7in hala ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmekte ve i\u015fletme modelleri geli\u015ftirilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Loop, d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel ekonomi ilkelerini ambalajlamaya uygulayan tek \u015firket de\u011fildir. Di\u011fer bir \u00f6rnek de y\u00fczlerce kez kullan\u0131labilecek ve ard\u0131ndan tamamen geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilecek g\u00f6nderi ambalajlar\u0131 \u00fcreten LimeLoop[18]<\/sup><\/a> firmas\u0131d\u0131r. Moda ambalaj sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki Olive[19]<\/sup><\/a>, giyim g\u00f6nderilerinin teslimat s\u00fcrecinde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan at\u0131klar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in lojistik planlama ile birlikte yeniden kullan\u0131labilir ambalaj kullanmakta, DeliverZero[20]<\/sup><\/a> ise tek kullan\u0131ml\u0131k gel al servis kartonlar\u0131n\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu sorunu a\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmakta.<\/p>\n

D\u00f6ng\u00fcsellik s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik sa\u011flar<\/h2>\n

Ambalajlama konusundaki \u201cazalt ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u201d yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, ku\u015fkusuz \u00f6nceki yakma veya at\u0131k sahas\u0131nda bertaraf politikalar\u0131ndan daha olumlu bir ad\u0131m olmu\u015ftur. Ancak, ambalaj\u0131n ger\u00e7ekten s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131 ve iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi hedeflerimize ula\u015f\u0131rken umut vermesi i\u00e7in, hedefi mutlak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik olan bir ambalaj devriminin gerekti\u011fine kesinlikle inan\u0131yorum.<\/p>\n

At\u0131klar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131ran ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm i\u00e7in gereken enerji miktar\u0131n\u0131 en aza indiren, yeniden kullan\u0131m, bertaraf tasar\u0131m\u0131 ve ba\u015ftan sona malzeme y\u00f6netimi etraf\u0131nda tasarlanm\u0131\u015f d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel ambalaj tedariki, istisna olmaktan ziyade norm haline gelmelidir.<\/p>\n

Net s\u0131f\u0131r karbon zaten bir i\u015f hedefi olarak yayg\u0131n olarak kabul g\u00f6rmektedir. Ambalaj at\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, kurumsal g\u00fcndemlerde de s\u0131f\u0131ra indirmenin zaman\u0131 geldi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.metsagroup.com\/metsaboard\/investors\/operating-environment\/global-packaging-market\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0956053X16303300<\/a><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.unep.org\/interactives\/beat-plastic-pollution\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php?title=Packaging_waste_statistics<\/a><\/p>\n

[5]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/facts-and-figures-about-materials-waste-and-recycling\/containers-and-packaging-product-specific<\/a><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=celex%3A31994L0062<\/a><\/p>\n

[7]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2018\/01\/11\/world\/china-recyclables-ban.html<\/a><\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/360e2524-d71a-11e8-a854-33d6f82e62f8<\/a><\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afandpa.org\/news\/2022\/unpacking-continuously-high-paper-recycling-rates<\/a><\/p>\n

[10]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/sulayrgs.com\/en\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[11]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/spnews.com\/closed-loop-multilayer\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.esauk.org\/application\/files\/5316\/4268\/8976\/ESA_GHG_Quantification_Final_Report_23_06_2020_Issued.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/zerowasteeurope.eu\/library\/reusable-vs-single-use-packaging-a-review-of-environmental-impact\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.pfizer.com\/science\/coronavirus\/vaccine\/manufacturing-and-distribution<\/a><\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0959652619323960<\/a><\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2019\/01\/loop-s-launch-brings-reusable-packaging-to-the-world-s-biggest-brands\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/industries\/consumer-packaged-goods\/our-insights\/creating-good-packaging-for-packaged-goods<\/a><\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/sap\/2022\/02\/11\/sustainable-packaging-for-retailers-offers-guilt-free-shopping-experience\/?sh=4c83109726fb<\/a><\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/techcrunch.com\/2022\/09\/14\/reusable-packaging-olive-b2b-clothes-landfills\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[20]<\/sup><\/a> https:\/\/www.deliverzero.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":105599,"template":"","tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nPaketleme Sorunu | Abdul Latif Jameel\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"K\u00fcresel paketleme pazar\u0131 y\u0131lda bir trilyon dolar \u00fczerinde, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan paketleme bir sorun. 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