2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda New South Wales ve Victoria\u2019daki yang\u0131n f\u0131rt\u0131nalar\u0131 Avustralya\u2019y\u0131 vurdu\u011funa dair ilk a\u011f\u0131zdan gelen haberleri inanmamakla korku aras\u0131nda bir duyguyla okudu\u011fumu hat\u0131rl\u0131yorum. TV haberlerinde, k\u0131yamet filmlerini an\u0131msatan sahneler g\u00f6rd\u00fcm ve kendi kendime \u015funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc hat\u0131rl\u0131yorum: Bizim gelece\u011fimiz bu olamaz<\/em>.<\/p>\n Yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u015fanan bu trajedinin anormal bir durum de\u011fil, bir uyar\u0131 oldu\u011fu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda, b\u00fcy\u00fck orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye ve Yunanistan\u2019\u0131 vurdu. Kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131namayan alevlerin on binlerce hektarl\u0131k a\u011fac\u0131 yak\u0131p y\u00fczlerce evi k\u00fcle \u00e7evirmesiyle hem yerlilerin hem de turistlerin ka\u00e7mak zorunda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Yunan adas\u0131 Evia, Atina\u2019n\u0131n kuzeydo\u011fusunda yer almaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n Bu y\u0131l, yang\u0131n say\u0131lar\u0131 korkun\u00e7 bir \u015fekilde art\u0131yor. \u00d6fkeli yang\u0131nlar k\u0131talara yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumda. Avrupa\u2019da, g\u00fcneybat\u0131 Fransa ve \u0130ber Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019nda toplam 750.000 hektardan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir alana zarar veren yang\u0131nlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc son 15 y\u0131lki yang\u0131nlar\u0131n iki kat\u0131 kadard\u0131.[2]<\/a> G\u00fcney Amerika\u2019da sadece A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda 30.000\u2019den fazla Amazon orman yang\u0131n\u0131 kaydedildi ve bu son 10 y\u0131l\u0131n en y\u00fcksek rakam\u0131yd\u0131. ABD\u2019deki orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 g\u00fcneyde Texas\u2019tan kuzeyde Washington\u2019a ve bat\u0131da California\u2019ya kadar yay\u0131ld\u0131. Asya\u2019da Kazakistan, Mo\u011folistan ve Sibirya s\u0131cak ve kuru havadan sert bir \u015fekilde etkilendi. Mo\u011folistan, bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131la g\u00f6re orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131nda %73\u2019l\u00fck bir art\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu bildirdi ve yang\u0131nlar neticesinde bir milyon hektardan fazla orman arazisi kaybetti.[3]<\/a> Avustralya\u2019daysa tekrarlayan bu felaketler \u00fclkenin bat\u0131s\u0131na ula\u015farak Albany, Eagle Bay, Dunsborough ve Bridgetown\u2019\u0131 etkisi alt\u0131na ald\u0131. New South Wales ve Victoria\u2019n\u0131n en k\u00f6t\u00fc durumdan kurtulmas\u0131n\u0131n tek nedeni, \u00f6nceki y\u0131llardan kalma \u00e7ok say\u0131da yan\u0131c\u0131 bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7oktan karbonize olmu\u015f olmas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n D\u00fcnya yanmaya devam ediyor ve bizse izlemeye devam ediyoruz. Hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yapmadan bekleyip distopik bir gelece\u011fin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 beklemek i\u00e7in hi\u00e7bir mazeretimiz yok.<\/p>\n G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re insanlar, d\u00fcnya genelinde orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca nedeni. Orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 bir su\u00e7 mahaliyse, bu yang\u0131nlar bizim<\/em> aleyhimize kan\u0131t olarak toplanan parmak izleri olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Avrupa Orman Yang\u0131n Bilgi Sistemi (EFFIS<\/a>), bu y\u0131l Avrupa\u2019daki orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n %95\u2019inin sebebinin insan faaliyetleri ile ilgili olabilece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde bir tahminde bulundu.[4]<\/sup><\/a> Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k\u2019tan iklim bilimcisi Dr. Matthew Jones, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n etkili oldu\u011fu y\u0131llarda, insan kaynakl\u0131 iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi nedeniyle kategorik olarak artan s\u0131cak hava dalgalar\u0131 ve kurakl\u0131k gibi etkenleri \u201cbelirleyici fakt\u00f6rler\u201d olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yor.[5]<\/a><\/p>\n Evet, onlarca y\u0131ld\u0131r \u00e7evreyi yanl\u0131\u015f anlamam\u0131z\u0131n ve bunun sonucunda yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6netmemizin bir ba\u015fka g\u00f6stergesi olan insan kaynakl\u0131 iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 karma\u015f\u0131k bir \u015fekilde birbiriyle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ate\u015fin bir karabasan gibi \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc rahats\u0131z edici bir gelece\u011fi \u00f6zetlemektedir: D\u00fcnya atmosferinde artan sera gazlar\u0131 ve giderek riskli hale gelen toplumsal davran\u0131\u015flar nedeniyle yang\u0131n olaylar\u0131n\u0131n daha yayg\u0131n hale geldi\u011fi bir d\u00fcnya.<\/p>\n K\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma (mevcut \u00e7evresel taahh\u00fctlere g\u00f6re y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonuna kadar 2,5 o<\/sup>C\u2019ye ula\u015facak[7]<\/a>) yang\u0131n mevsimlerini uzatacak ve daha fazla kendili\u011finden ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan yang\u0131nlar\u0131 tetikleyecektir. Kentsel alanlar\u0131n geni\u015flemesi, daha fazla insan\u0131n yang\u0131na elveri\u015fli ekosistemlerin e\u015fi\u011finde ya\u015fayarak tehlike yaratmas\u0131na neden olacakt\u0131r. Arazi kullan\u0131m\u0131nda gelece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, yang\u0131n ve bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc aras\u0131ndaki bin y\u0131ll\u0131k dengeyi bozacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Potansiyel olarak, bu tam bir felakettir ve acil eylem gerektirir.<\/p>\n \u0130lk ba\u015fta bir numaral\u0131 sonu\u00e7 mant\u0131\u011fa ayk\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir: T\u00fcm orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 \u201ck\u00f6t\u00fc\u201d de\u011fildir. Do\u011fal olarak olu\u015fan orant\u0131l\u0131 orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131, belirli bir ekosistem i\u00e7inde iklim\/bitki ili\u015fkisinin s\u00fcrmesi i\u00e7in gerekli olan kontrol mekanizmalar\u0131ndan birini olu\u015fturur. Ya\u015fl\u0131 bitkiler, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 gen\u00e7 bitkilere yer a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in ba\u015fka nas\u0131l ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131labilir? \u00c7i\u00e7eklenme, tohum da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 ve tohumlama i\u00e7in ate\u015fe ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olan orkide, zambak, \u00e7imen ve \u00e7al\u0131 gibi bitkiler do\u011fan\u0131n kendi \u015fiddetinin m\u00fcdahalesi olmadan ya\u015fam d\u00f6ng\u00fclerinin bir sonraki a\u015famas\u0131na nas\u0131l ge\u00e7ebilirler? Uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r s\u00fcregelen bu yanma ve iyile\u015fme d\u00f6ng\u00fcleri, ekosistemlerin \u201cyang\u0131n rejimi\u201d olarak bilinir. Her \u015fey yolunda.<\/p>\n Bununla birlikte, bin y\u0131ll\u0131k bu hassas rejimler tamamen daha kaotik bir \u015feye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, modern d\u00fcnyam\u0131z\u0131n g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki sanayi sonras\u0131 biyosferimizde sorunlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 daha s\u0131k ve daha yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, ABD\u2019de en \u00e7ok orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 aylarda, onlarca y\u0131l \u00f6nce 3,2 milyon d\u00f6n\u00fcme yak\u0131n olan rakamlar 2002\u2019den bu yana 6,9 milyon d\u00f6n\u00fcm daha fazla arazinin yok oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.[8]<\/a><\/p>\n \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bin y\u0131lda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131, do\u011fan\u0131n bilinen s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015farak bu hassas ekosistemin dengesini bozuyor. Daha \u00f6nce g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz \u00fczere, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu yang\u0131nlar\u0131 bast\u0131rma kapasitesi, en k\u00f6t\u00fc senaryolarda, sahip oldu\u011fu g\u00fcc\u00fc de a\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Yang\u0131n rejimlerindeki bu bozulmalar nas\u0131l g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor ve nas\u0131l ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131? D\u00fcnyan\u0131n neresinde oldu\u011funuza ba\u011fl\u0131.<\/p>\n D\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndaki ekosistemlerde ayn\u0131 rahats\u0131z edici manzaralar ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor: Antik simbiyotik ili\u015fkileri k\u0131ran, havaya karbon salan ve hem yak\u0131n hem de uzak topluluklar\u0131 tehdit eden do\u011fal olmayan yang\u0131n rejimleri.<\/p>\n \u00c7evreye ve insan sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131na verdi\u011fi zarar\u0131 herkes a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6rebilir.<\/p>\n UNEP\u2019in belirtti\u011fi gibi, en \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl d\u00f6ng\u00fclere tan\u0131k olabiliriz: \u201c\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 etkiliyor olsa da kontrol edilemeyen yang\u0131nlar da ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fini etkiliyor olabilir\u201d[9]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n Geleneksel olarak karbon tutucu olarak kabul edilen Amazon ya\u011fmur ormanlar\u0131, orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 nedeniyle yak\u0131nda bir karbon yay\u0131c\u0131 haline gelebilir. Yang\u0131nlar ayn\u0131 zamanda Sibirya\u2019da Arktik permafrostun daha h\u0131zl\u0131 erimesinden, s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f metan gaz\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131ndan ve deniz seviyelerinin s\u00fcrekli y\u00fckselmesinden de k\u0131smen sorumludur. Artan s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve daha de\u011fi\u015fken hava ko\u015fullar\u0131 gibi etkenler, yak\u0131c\u0131 s\u0131caklar ve y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m d\u00fc\u015fmesi gibi do\u011fal alevlenmeye neden olan olaylar\u0131n daha kolay ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesine neden olur.<\/p>\n Bildi\u011fimiz gibi bunlar\u0131n ya\u015fam \u00fczerindeki etkileri son derece ciddidir. Orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131, siyah karbon partik\u00fclleri de dahil olmak \u00fczere tehlikeli kirleticileri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r ve kayna\u011f\u0131ndan binlerce mil uzaklara do\u011fru yay\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n Atmosferdeki is, gezegenin g\u00fcne\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yans\u0131tma yetene\u011fini azaltarak \u0131s\u0131nmaya neden olur. Nehirlerdeki tortu miktar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131p potansiyel olarak su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 zehirler ve protein a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zengin bal\u0131k stoklar\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcketir. Orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131, ayaklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n alt\u0131ndaki topra\u011f\u0131n tutunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc yok ederek toprak erozyonuna neden olur ve hatta toprak kaymalar\u0131 gibi olaylar i\u00e7in tetikleyici hale gelebilir.<\/p>\n Ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak, orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n olumsuz etkilerine en \u00e7ok maruz kalanlar aram\u0131zdaki en savunmas\u0131z insanlar olan gen\u00e7, ya\u015fl\u0131 ve yoksullard\u0131r.[10]<\/a><\/p>\n Vah\u015fi yang\u0131nlar ayr\u0131ca biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi de yok eder. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, bozk\u0131r b\u00f6lgelerindeki t\u00fcm t\u00fcrlerin %28\u2019i ve \u00e7ay\u0131rl\u0131k alanlardaki t\u00fcrlerin %26,3\u2019\u00fc dahil olmak \u00fczere binlerce t\u00fcr\u00fcn, yayg\u0131n yang\u0131nlar\u0131n etkileriyle do\u011frudan tehdit alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.[11]<\/a><\/p>\n A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ki bu \u015fekilde devam edemeyiz. Genellikle d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en k\u00f6t\u00fc \u00e7evresel y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131ndan korunan geli\u015fmi\u015f ekonomilerde bile, \u0131s\u0131nan d\u00fcnyam\u0131zdaki orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu artan tehlikeyi g\u00f6rmezden gelmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. D\u00fcnya Meteoroloji \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (WMO<\/a>), son otuz y\u0131lda Avrupa\u2019daki s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n k\u00fcresel ortalaman\u0131n iki kat\u0131ndan fazla artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bunun neticesinde ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak sonu\u00e7lar aras\u0131nda daha fazla orman yang\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirmi\u015ftir.[12]<\/a> Kara k\u00fctlesi y\u00fczdesinin orant\u0131s\u0131z \u015fekilde y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 nedeniyle denizden daha h\u0131zl\u0131 \u0131s\u0131nan Avrupa\u2019daki asimetrik s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n devam edece\u011fi tahmin ediliyor.<\/p>\n Neyse ki k\u00fcresel orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve etkisini azaltmak i\u00e7in atabilece\u011fimiz ad\u0131mlar var. Koordineli ve uzun vadeli bir yakla\u015f\u0131m en etkili \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 tamamen kontrol edilemeyecek kadar \u015fiddetli do\u011fal afetlerdir. Elbette bu, herhangi bir etkimizin olamayaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelmez. Eylemlerimiz, yang\u0131nlar\u0131n ne zaman ve nerede ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, y\u0131k\u0131m derecesini belirlemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n \u0130lk olarak tedbiri elden b\u0131rakmamak gerekir.<\/p>\n Yapay zekan\u0131n uygulama alanlar\u0131n\u0131n geni\u015flemesiyle daha da ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131 beklenen meteorolojinin son teknolojiye dayal\u0131 evrimi sayesinde bilim insanlar\u0131 \u201cyang\u0131n havas\u0131\u201d (tehlikeli s\u0131cakl\u0131k, kurakl\u0131k ko\u015fullardan olu\u015fan g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcler) ad\u0131 verilen durumu daha da fazla do\u011frulukla tahmin edebilecek. Yerde kurulu radarlarla daha ak\u0131ll\u0131 modelleme ve veri toplama, y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m dedekt\u00f6rleri ve benzer \u015fekilde uydular da orman yang\u0131n\u0131 tahmin sistemlerinin geli\u015ftirilmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n Felaketle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fan topluluklar yakla\u015fan yang\u0131nlara kar\u015f\u0131 yeterli uyar\u0131 sistemine sahip olurlarsa yang\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmak, evleri kurtarmak ve hayatlar\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7ebilirler. Ormanlardaki yang\u0131nlar\u0131 azaltabilirler, yang\u0131nla m\u00fccadele i\u00e7in su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 biriktirmeye ba\u015flayabilirler ve en k\u00f6t\u00fc durum senaryolar\u0131nda tahliyeleri daha g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde yapabilirler.[13]<\/a><\/p>\n \u0130nsan n\u00fcfusuna yak\u0131n orman yang\u0131n\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde yang\u0131n \u00f6nleme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 s\u00f6nd\u00fcrme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan her zaman daha etkilidir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bir\u00e7ok yang\u0131n, tar\u0131m makinelerindeki ar\u0131zalar, kereste kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yanmas\u0131 veya elektrik hatlar\u0131n\u0131n ar\u0131zalanmas\u0131 nedeniyle kazara ba\u015flamaktad\u0131r. Ekipmanlar\u0131n bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 iyi yapmak ve yan\u0131c\u0131 malzemeyi daha dikkatli kullanmak, istenmeyen yang\u0131nlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 azaltmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck riskli mevsimlerde \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc tamamlam\u0131\u015f yan\u0131c\u0131 bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn kontroll\u00fc \u015fekilde yak\u0131lmas\u0131, yang\u0131nlar\u0131 \u015fiddetlendiren bu etkenleri ortadan kald\u0131rarak yang\u0131nlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini \u00f6nlemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n Brezilya\u2019da k\u0131rsal ve yerli topluluklar kontrols\u00fcz orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in geleneksel yang\u0131n y\u00f6netimi tekniklerini kullanmaya te\u015fvik ediliyor. Yan\u0131c\u0131 bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve periyodik olarak kontroll\u00fc bir \u015fekilde yak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde, kuru mevsimlerde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n %57 oran\u0131nda azalmas\u0131 sa\u011flanabilmektedir.[14]<\/a><\/p>\n Bu ba\u015far\u0131dan ilham alan Avustralya\u2019n\u0131n 2019-2020 y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmakla sorumlu Kraliyet Komisyonu, Aborjin topluluklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yayg\u0131n olan bu geleneksel yang\u0131n y\u00f6netim uygulamalar\u0131na benzer \u00f6nerilerde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n K\u00fcresel orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n etkilerini hafifletmek i\u00e7in sadece \u00fclkeleri de\u011fil k\u0131talar\u0131 da kapsayan uzun vadeli planlama gerekecektir. Bu planlama, e\u011fitimli personel ve \u00f6zel olarak donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f u\u00e7ak gibi yang\u0131nla m\u00fccadele kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmi\u015f ve geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirecektir. Bu, \u00f6zellikle farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgeler aras\u0131nda yang\u0131n mevsimleri \u00fcst \u00fcste gelmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, b\u00f6lgesel faydalardan ziyade k\u00fcresel faydalara odaklanmak anlam\u0131na gelecektir.<\/p>\n Zaman \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. \u0130klimle ilgili hemen hemen her sorunda oldu\u011fu gibi, belirtiler herhangi bir iyile\u015fme \u015fans\u0131 olmadan ko\u015fullar\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye gitti\u011fine i\u015faret ediyor. Akdeniz, Kuzey Amerika ve Amazon\u2019da orant\u0131s\u0131z bir \u015fekilde da\u011f\u0131lan orman yang\u0131n\u0131 mevsimleri, 1980\u2019lerden itibaren k\u00fcresel olarak yakla\u015f\u0131k %27 oran\u0131nda uzam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130leriye bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, D\u00fcnya Ekonomik Forumu\u2019nda (WEF<\/a>) yay\u0131nlanan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmadaki her bir derecelik art\u0131\u015f\u0131n, D\u00fcnya\u2019daki \u00e7o\u011fu b\u00f6lgede \u201cyang\u0131n havas\u0131\u201d ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu d\u00f6nemi \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde uzataca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. WEF, 2 o<\/sup>C\u2019nin \u00fczerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecek bir \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n bug\u00fcnden itibaren \u201csanal olarak tespit edilemeyen\u201d yang\u0131n mevsimlerine neden olaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde uyar\u0131larda bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu nedenle, orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmada en h\u0131zl\u0131 ve en dramatik etkiye sahip olabilecek tek bir strateji olan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc bulmaya dikkat edilmelidir.<\/p>\n Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm, evrensel su\u00e7lu CO2<\/sub>\u2019yi yok etmektir.<\/p>\n Atmosferdeki sera gazlar\u0131n\u0131 kesmek, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmay\u0131 azaltmaya, yang\u0131n mevsimlerini k\u0131saltmaya ve b\u00f6ylece k\u00fcresel olarak orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin en k\u00f6t\u00fc etkilerini etkisiz hale getirmek i\u00e7in hala zaman\u0131m\u0131z var m\u0131?<\/p>\n \u0130nsanlar, atmosferdeki CO2<\/sub> seviyelerinin sanayi \u00f6ncesi zamanlar\u0131n\u00a0%50<\/a>\u00a0\u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. Bunun sonucunda d\u00fcnya ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u00fczy\u0131lda 1,1 \u00b0C \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131.[15]<\/a> Bu ne spek\u00fclasyon ne de projeksiyondur. Bu zaten ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f bir felakettir ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n koruyucular\u0131 olarak tutumumuzu de\u011fi\u015ftirmezsek kar\u015f\u0131la\u015faca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z daha b\u00fcy\u00fck tehlikelerin habercisidir.<\/p>\n D\u00fcnyan\u0131n g\u00f6z\u00fc, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmayla m\u00fccadele etmek i\u00e7in yeni ulusal eylem planlar\u0131 sunmak \u00fczere d\u00fcnya liderlerinin bir araya geldi\u011fi Kas\u0131m 2022\u2019de M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen en son BM \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi Konferans\u0131\u2019na (COP27<\/a>) \u00e7evrildi. Toplant\u0131dan \u00f6nce davetliler, ge\u00e7en y\u0131l COP26\u2019da global s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 1,5 o<\/sup>C ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik verilen taahh\u00fctlerin yetersiz oldu\u011fu konusunda uyar\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n Ne var ki Ukrayna\u2019daki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ve d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda enerji arz\u0131 \u00fczerindeki bask\u0131lar nedeniyle konferans\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k bir tablo \u00e7izdi ve pek \u00e7ok g\u00f6zlemci bir \u00f6nceki toplant\u0131da verilen taahh\u00fctler konusunda yeterli ilerleme kaydedilmedi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc.[16]<\/a>,[17]<\/a><\/p>\n COP27\u2019de, geli\u015fmekte olan uluslar\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olmayan iklim y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015fan etkilerini telafi etmelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131 bir \u201ckay\u0131p ve hasar\u201d ortak fonunun kurulmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Ancak baz\u0131 \u00e7evre kampanyac\u0131lar\u0131 bunu, 1,5 o<\/sup>C hedefinden vazge\u00e7ildi\u011fine dair bir itiraf gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcyordu ve politika yap\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n uzun vadeli ye\u015fil enerji yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131sa vadeli enerji \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerini tercih etmeye devam ettiklerine dair su\u00e7lamalarda bulundular.[18]<\/a><\/p>\n Dikkatler \u015fimdi de Kas\u0131m – Aral\u0131k 2023 tarihleri aras\u0131nda planlanan ve 1,5 o<\/sup>C r\u00fcyas\u0131n\u0131n son kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 canl\u0131 tutmak i\u00e7in son bir f\u0131rsat olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen BAE\u2019deki COP28\u2019e y\u00f6neliyor. Orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131, ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olursak neler olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n daha somut ve canl\u0131 g\u00f6stergelerinden biridir.<\/p>\n G\u00f6rmezden geldi\u011fimiz hi\u00e7bir \u00e7evresel felaketin, kendi kendine \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 bekleyerek bize merhamet g\u00f6stermesi bekleyemeyiz.<\/p>\n Bu g\u00f6rev biz insanlara d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n Tarihte ilk kez, kendi ekosistemimizi yok etme g\u00fcc\u00fcne sahibiz. Ancak teknoloji, inovasyon ve hepsinden \u00f6nemlisi adanm\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla bu gidi\u015fat\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirme ve gittik\u00e7e h\u0131zlanan iklim \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6nleme potansiyeline sahibiz.<\/p>\n Bu en acil sorunlar\u0131m\u0131zdan biri.<\/p>\n [1]<\/a> https:\/\/whowhatwhy.org\/science\/environment\/we-sleep-in-our-gas-masks-eyewitness-to-australias-firestorm\/<\/a><\/p>\n [2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.euronews.com\/green\/2022\/10\/24\/climate-now-debate-2022-how-do-we-beat-wildfires<\/a><\/p>\n [3]<\/a> https:\/\/news.mn\/en\/797800\/<\/a><\/p>\n [4]<\/a> https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/environment\/forests\/pdf\/InTech.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n [5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/58159451<\/a><\/p>\n [6]<\/a> https:\/\/wedocs.unep.org\/bitstream\/handle\/20.500.11822\/38061\/Frontiers_2022CH2.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n [7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2022\/oct\/27\/world-close-to-irreversible-climate-breakdown-warn-major-studies<\/a><\/p>\n [8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/climate-indicators\/climate-change-indicators-wildfires<\/a><\/p>\n [9]<\/a> https:\/\/wedocs.unep.org\/bitstream\/handle\/20.500.11822\/38061\/Frontiers_2022CH2.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n [10]<\/a> https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/world\/wildfires-under-climate-change-burning-issue<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n [11]<\/a> https:\/\/wedocs.unep.org\/bitstream\/handle\/20.500.11822\/38061\/Frontiers_2022CH2.pdf<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n [12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2022\/nov\/02\/europes-climate-warming-at-twice-rate-of-global-average-says-report<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n [13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2022\/07\/climate-change-wildfire-risk-has-grown-nearly-everywhere-but-we-can-still-influence-where-and-how-fires-strike\/<\/a><\/p>\n [14]<\/a> https:\/\/wedocs.unep.org\/bitstream\/handle\/20.500.11822\/38061\/Frontiers_2022CH2.pdf<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n [15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2022\/07\/climate-change-wildfire-risk-has-grown-nearly-everywhere-but-we-can-still-influence-where-and-how-fires-strike\/<\/a><\/p>\n [16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/science-environment-63693738<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n [17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2022\/nov\/17\/draft-cop27-agreement-fails-to-call-for-phase-down-of-all-fossil-fuels<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n [18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2022\/nov\/20\/deal-on-loss-and-damage-fund-at-cop27-marks-climbdown-by-rich-countries<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":106148,"template":"","tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2023\/02\/nasa_heatwaves02.png\")
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2023\/02\/1797-ALJ-Wildfires-Infographics-scaled.jpg\")
<\/p>\nD\u00fcnya genelinde kaosa neden olan bozulmu\u015f \u201cyang\u0131n rejimleri\u201d<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2023\/02\/UNEP-Frontiers-2022-Report-221x300.png\")
BM \u00c7evre Program\u0131 (UNEP<\/a>), Frontiers 2022 raporunda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z tehlikeleri ve kolektif sorumlulu\u011fumuzu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koyuyor: \u201cG\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc, Alev ve Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar: \u00c7evresel Endi\u015felerle ilgili Ortaya \u00c7\u0131kan Sorunlar\u201d.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2023\/02\/1797-ALJ-Wildfires-Infographics2-scaled.jpg\")
<\/p>\n\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2023\/02\/NASA-earth-data-fire-map.jpg\")
Orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n hastaland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir belirtisidir<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2023\/02\/1797-ALJ-Wildfires-Infographics3-scaled.jpg\")
<\/p>\nIs\u0131y\u0131 azaltma<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Copernicus.jpg\")
AB\u2019nin Copernicus<\/a> g\u00f6zlem program\u0131; Latin Amerika Uzaktan Alg\u0131lama ve Orman Yang\u0131nlar\u0131 B\u00f6lgesel A\u011f\u0131<\/a> veya Brezilya Ulusal Uzay Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (NISR) Queimadas<\/a> program\u0131 gibi sistemleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fczde t\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n \u0131s\u0131 izleme ve orman yang\u0131n\u0131 tespitine y\u00f6nelik en son ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 destekledi\u011fini g\u00f6receksiniz.<\/p>\nHangi gelece\u011fi se\u00e7ece\u011fiz?<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2023\/02\/UNEP-Wildfires.jpg\")