{"id":109976,"date":"2023-08-30T06:35:38","date_gmt":"2023-08-30T06:35:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alj.com\/spotlight-by-fady-jameel\/going-with-the-flow\/"},"modified":"2023-09-04T07:26:16","modified_gmt":"2023-09-04T07:26:16","slug":"going-with-the-flow","status":"publish","type":"spotlight-fadyjameel","link":"https:\/\/alj.com\/tr\/spotlight-by-fady-jameel\/going-with-the-flow\/","title":{"rendered":"Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na m\u0131 b\u0131rakmal\u0131y\u0131z?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak, su kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ve sorumlu bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netmeye y\u00f6nelik k\u00fcresel \u00e7abalar i\u00e7in bir temel olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r.<\/h4>\n

Karbon n\u00f6tr kavram\u0131 art\u0131k d\u00fcnya genelinde bir\u00e7ok devlet ve sekt\u00f6r liderinin 2050 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar net s\u0131f\u0131r karbon emisyonu hedefine imza att\u0131\u011f\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131k bir kavramd\u0131r. \u015eu anda, su n\u00f6trl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu kadar y\u00fcksek bir profile sahip de\u011fil. Ancak bu, k\u00fcresel i\u015f ve politika g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerinde giderek daha b\u00fcy\u00fck rol oynayacak bir fikirdir. Peki bu tam olarak nedir?<\/p>\n

Bir ad\u0131m geri \u00e7ekilelim ve suyun hayat\u0131m\u0131zdaki rol\u00fcne bakal\u0131m. Yeterince su i\u00e7mek elbette hayat\u0131n kendisini desteklemek i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Su, di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok y\u00f6nden de temel bir rol oynar. Her g\u00fcn evlerimizde y\u0131kama, pi\u015firme ve temizlik i\u00e7in kullan\u0131r\u0131z. \u00c7ift\u00e7iler g\u0131da \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in suya ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. Metalden kimyasallara hatta ka\u011f\u0131da kadar \u00e7ok say\u0131da sekt\u00f6rde hayati bir rol oynar.<\/p>\n

Bir a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda etrafta \u00e7ok fazla su var; sonu\u00e7ta gezegenimizin %70\u2019ini olu\u015fturuyor. Ancak genellikle ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan tatl\u0131 su \u00e7ok daha azd\u0131r. D\u00fcnyadaki suyun sadece %3\u2019\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturur ve bunlar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te ikisi kullan\u0131lamamakta veya donmu\u015f buzullarda sakl\u0131 durmaktad\u0131r[1]<\/a>. Sorun, su kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131yor. Unesco\u2019nun 2023 D\u00fcnya Su Geli\u015ftirme Raporuna g\u00f6re, su kullan\u0131m\u0131 son 40 y\u0131lda her y\u0131l yakla\u015f\u0131k %1 artmaktad\u0131r[2]<\/a>. Bu art\u0131\u015f; n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131, de\u011fi\u015fen t\u00fcketim al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131 ve sosyoekonomik geli\u015fim gibi fakt\u00f6rlere ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Suya y\u00f6nelik genel k\u00fcresel talebin y\u0131lda %1 oran\u0131nda artmaya devam edece\u011fi tahmin edilmektedir; bu da 2050 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar %20 ila %30\u2019luk potansiyel bir art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ifade eder.<\/p>\n

Su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131: b\u00fcy\u00fcyen bir sorun<\/h2>\n

Suya olan talep artarken bir\u00e7ok yerde iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve \u0131s\u0131nan gezegen asl\u0131nda suyu k\u0131tla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin Avrupa\u2019da son 500 y\u0131l\u0131n en kurak yaz\u0131[3]<\/a> oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen 2022 yaz\u0131ndan sonra 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Avrupa\u2019da benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f bir k\u0131\u015f kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ya\u015fand\u0131. Normalden \u00e7ok daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seyreden su seviyeleri, Almanya\u2019daki teknelerin baz\u0131 limanlarda kargolar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckleyememesi ve Barselona\u2019daki halka a\u00e7\u0131k parklar\u0131n susuz kalmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyordu. Ba\u015fka bir yerde, yak\u0131n zamanda yap\u0131lan uluslararas\u0131 bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin Somali Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019ndaki kurakl\u0131klar\u0131 daha da k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015ftirdi\u011fini ortaya koymu\u015ftur[4]<\/a>. Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sorunlar aras\u0131nda hasat yap\u0131lamamas\u0131, \u00e7iftlik hayvanlar\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00fcmler, y\u00fczey suyunun az bulunmas\u0131 ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma riskinin artmas\u0131 yer alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6lgede d\u00f6rt milyondan fazla insan, insani yard\u0131ma muhta\u00e7 hale gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00fcnya, finansal dalgalanmalardan k\u0131tl\u0131\u011fa hatta \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya kadar a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde ciddi sorunlarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalabilir. Bir\u00e7ok insan i\u00e7in bu zaten ya\u015fanan bir durum. D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda iki ila \u00fc\u00e7 milyar insan, y\u0131lda en az bir ay su s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131yor. Su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalan kent n\u00fcfusunun 2050 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar iki kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131karak 2,4 milyara ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor[5]<\/a>. Bu y\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda New York\u2019taki Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler (BM) su konferans\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan UNESCO 2023 D\u00fcnya Su Geli\u015ftirme Raporu[6]<\/a>, baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgeler i\u00e7in iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi nedeniyle artan su k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n 2050 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar GSY\u0130H\u2019de %6\u2019l\u0131k bir kayba yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

Su ayak izi nedir?<\/h2>\n

A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131, bu sorunun ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 herkesin yarar\u0131na olacakt\u0131r. Birinci a\u015fama; bireyler, \u015firketler ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetler aras\u0131nda su kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve bunu nas\u0131l y\u00f6netebilece\u011fimiz hakk\u0131nda daha iyi bir anlay\u0131\u015f geli\u015ftirmektir. Burada \u201csu ayak izi\u201d fikri devreye girer. Karbon ayak izine benzer \u015fekilde su ayak izi; bir ki\u015fi, yer veya kurulu\u015f taraf\u0131ndan t\u00fcketilen veya belirli bir i\u015flemde kullan\u0131lan su miktar\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder.<\/p>\n

Su Ayak \u0130zi A\u011f\u0131<\/a>\u2019na g\u00f6\"\"re su ayak izi \u201ckulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin ve hizmetlerin her birini \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan su miktar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7er.<\/p>\n

Pirin\u00e7 yeti\u015ftirmek gibi tek bir s\u00fcre\u00e7te, kot pantolon gibi bir \u00fcr\u00fcnde, arabam\u0131za koydu\u011fumuz yak\u0131tta ya da \u00e7ok uluslu bir \u015firketin tamam\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclebilir.\u201d Bu ba\u011flamda, \u00f6rne\u011fin BAE i\u00e7in ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen su ayak izi g\u00fcnde 2270 galondur (8593 litre). Buna k\u0131yasla, Banglade\u015f i\u00e7in ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen su ayak izi g\u00fcnde 557 galondur (2108 litre)[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Evlerdeki kullan\u0131m, \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde azalt\u0131labilir. Daha k\u0131sa s\u00fcre du\u015f almak veya di\u015flerimizi f\u0131r\u00e7alarken muslu\u011fu kapatmak gibi davran\u0131\u015f de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri, evlerimizde daha az su kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir. Ayn\u0131 hedefe ak\u0131ll\u0131 musluklar veya su tasarrufu sa\u011flayan tuvaletler gibi yeni cihazlar kurarak da ula\u015fabiliriz. Suyun yeniden kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 da ev suyu ayak izleri \u00fczerinde etkili olabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, baz\u0131 insanlar du\u015f suyunu toplamak i\u00e7in bir kova kullan\u0131rlar ve bu kovadaki su daha sonra ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 temizlemek i\u00e7in yeniden kullan\u0131labilir. Ayr\u0131ca evde kullanmak \u00fczere ya\u011fmur suyu toplamak da genel su kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltabilir.<\/p>\n

Daha b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli su ayak izlerine bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, evde oldu\u011fu gibi ayn\u0131 azaltma ve yeniden kullan\u0131m ilkeleri ge\u00e7erlidir. Baz\u0131 i\u015fletmeler bu konuda umut verici \u00f6rnekler sergiliyor. \u00c7ok uluslu bir t\u00fcketim \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u015firketi olan Colgate-Palmolive, 2002 ve 2022 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u00fcretim d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcnde su kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 %52 oran\u0131nda azaltm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu da yakla\u015f\u0131k 26.000 Olimpik boyutta y\u00fczme havuzuna e\u015f de\u011ferdir. Su s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7eken t\u00fcm \u00fcretim tesislerinde 2025 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar ve di\u011fer t\u00fcm tesislerde 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar su n\u00f6trl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ula\u015fma hedefi belirlemi\u015ftir.[8]<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Teknoloji, bir\u00e7ok y\u00fcksek profilli markan\u0131n su kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in ortak \u00e7aba g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi bir end\u00fcstri sekt\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr. Google, ABD\u2019nin San Francisco K\u00f6rfezi\u2019ndeki Mountain View kamp\u00fcs\u00fcnde ya\u011fmur suyu toplama ve at\u0131k suyu geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme gibi bir\u00e7ok su verimlili\u011fi \u00f6nlemleri kullanmaktad\u0131r. Ofisler gibi daha b\u00fcy\u00fck tesisler, evlere kurulmas\u0131 genellikle ekonomik olmayan bu t\u00fcr at\u0131k suyu toplama, ar\u0131tma ve yeniden kullanma sistemlerinden yararlanabilir. \u015eirket ayn\u0131 zamanda kamp\u00fcs\u00fcn y\u0131ll\u0131k so\u011futma enerji kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 %60 oran\u0131nda azaltmak ve so\u011futma i\u00e7in su talebini do\u011frudan %90 oran\u0131nda azaltmak i\u00e7in kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 topra\u011f\u0131n alt\u0131ndan sa\u011flayan \u0131s\u0131 pompas\u0131 teknolojisini de kullan\u0131yor. Google ayr\u0131ca sanayi, deniz ve kanallar gibi yerlerden su temin ederek ve hatta su so\u011futmal\u0131 sistemi tamamen hava so\u011futmal\u0131 teknoloji ile de\u011fi\u015ftirerek veri merkezlerini so\u011futmak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 su miktar\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bir\u00e7ok \u015firket ve kurulu\u015f i\u00e7in su ayak izini s\u0131f\u0131ra indirmek, yaln\u0131zca azaltma ve yeniden kullanma \u00f6nlemleriyle zor olacakt\u0131r. \u00d6yleyse, karbon dengelemede oldu\u011fu gibi \u201csu n\u00f6trl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc\u201d olarak adland\u0131rabilece\u011fimiz hedefe uygulamada ula\u015fmak, su tasarrufu, geri kazan\u0131m\u0131 veya yenilenmesi i\u00e7in ba\u015fka bir alana yat\u0131r\u0131m yaparak, bunlar uyguland\u0131ktan sonra kalan su kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 dengelemeyi i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin Google, ABD\u2019nin Nevada ve Arizona eyaletlerinde Mead G\u00f6l\u00fc rezervuar\u0131ndan \u00e7ekilen su miktar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in bir projeye katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015ftur. Ayr\u0131ca \u0130rlanda\u2019daki ya\u011fmur suyu toplama sistemlerine ve yerel ekosistemi desteklemek i\u00e7in Los Angeles yak\u0131nlar\u0131ndaki San Gabriel da\u011flar\u0131ndan \u201cfazla su t\u00fcketen\u201d istilac\u0131 t\u00fcrleri \u00e7\u0131karma \u00e7abalar\u0131na yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmaktad\u0131r. \u015eirket, bunun gibi planlar sayesinde, 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar, ofislerinde ve veri merkezlerinde t\u00fcketti\u011fi suyun %120\u2019sini yenileyerek \u201csu pozitif\u201d olma s\u00f6z\u00fc veriyor[9]<\/a>. Hem Facebook hem de Microsoft, 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar t\u00fckettiklerinden daha fazla suyu geri kazand\u0131rmak i\u00e7in benzer taahh\u00fctlerde bulundu.[10]<\/a>[11]<\/a><\/p>\n

Sistem d\u00fczeyinde yakla\u015f\u0131m<\/h2>\n

Su n\u00f6trl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc fikri, su ayak izini s\u0131f\u0131ra indirmekle ilgili \u00e7ok basit bir konu gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir. Ancak ger\u00e7ek durum \u00e7ok karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ister bireylerden ister \u015firketlerden kaynaklans\u0131n su ayak izlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 dolayl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Su talebi \u00fczerindeki ki\u015fisel etkimiz sadece evlerimizde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z sudan kaynaklanmaz. Ayr\u0131ca g\u0131dalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 yeti\u015ftirmek, k\u0131yafetlerimizi veya kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok \u00fcr\u00fcn ve hizmeti sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan sudan da kaynaklan\u0131r. Su Ayak \u0130zi A\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, k\u00fcresel olarak her t\u00fcketici her g\u00fcn ortalama 5.000 litre su t\u00fcketmektedir. Pamuk kuma\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ortalama su ayak izi, kilogram ba\u015f\u0131na 10.000 litredir; yani bir kot pantolon, 8.000 litre suya mal olabilir. Sadece bir standart bardakta kullan\u0131lacak kadar siyah \u00e7ay\u0131n yeti\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte 120 bardak dolusu su gerekir[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fletmelerin su kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkisi daha da karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r. McKinsey and Company\u2019deki uzmanlar[13]<\/a>, bir \u015firketin su ayak izinin de\u011fer zincirinin d\u00f6rt temel alan\u0131 olan ham madde, tedarik\u00e7i, do\u011frudan operasyonlar ve \u00fcr\u00fcn kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan etkilendi\u011fini iddia ediyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin bir pamuklu ti\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn. Su ilk olarak g\u00f6mlek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan pamu\u011fun yeti\u015ftirilmesinde ve ard\u0131ndan pamu\u011fu i\u015fleyip kuma\u015f \u00fcreten tedarik\u00e7i taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ard\u0131ndaki s\u00fcre\u00e7teyse ti\u015f\u00f6rt\u00fc \u00fcreten, ta\u015f\u0131yan ve satan \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015firketler ve daha sonra giysiyi sat\u0131n alan ve evde y\u0131kayan ki\u015filer su kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7o\u011fu zaman, \u015firketlerin su konusundaki olumlu hedefleri yaln\u0131zca do\u011frudan operasyonlar\u0131yla ilgilidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Google\u2019\u0131n taahh\u00fcd\u00fc, ofislerinde ve veri merkezlerinde t\u00fcketilen suyu kapsamaktad\u0131r. Ancak donan\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin ve veri merkezi ekipmanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcretiminde oldu\u011fu gibi de\u011fer zincirinin ba\u015fka a\u015famalar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan suyu i\u00e7ermez. \u00dcretim veya tar\u0131m gibi sekt\u00f6rlerdeki baz\u0131 i\u015fletmeler i\u00e7in hem do\u011frudan hem de dolayl\u0131 olarak su ayak izleri \u00f6nemli ve karma\u015f\u0131k olacakt\u0131r. Birtak\u0131m nedenden dolay\u0131 su n\u00f6trl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile ger\u00e7ekten m\u00fccadele etmek i\u00e7in su ayak izlerini sistem d\u00fczeyinde ele almam\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n

Su y\u00f6netimine giri\u015f<\/h2>\n

Tatl\u0131 su, su toplama havzas\u0131 olarak da bilinen su havzalar\u0131ndan gelir. Bunlar ya\u011fmur suyunun topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve nehirler veya g\u00f6ller gibi su k\u00fctlelerine akt\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlard\u0131r. Ancak bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda suyun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 geri \u00e7ekilir. Su havzalar\u0131n\u0131 korumak ve geli\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla su y\u00f6netimi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na giderek daha fazla odaklan\u0131l\u0131yor. Birle\u015fik Ulusal End\u00fcstriyel Geli\u015fim \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (UNIDO<\/a>), su y\u00f6netimini \u201csuyu sosyal olarak e\u015fit, \u00e7evresel olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ve ekonomik olarak faydal\u0131 bir \u015fekilde kullanma\u201d[14]<\/a> olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bir\u00e7ok su y\u00f6netimi projesi, su havzalar\u0131n\u0131 korumak ve geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in di\u011fer organizasyonlar ve topluluklarla birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 i\u00e7eriyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda Facebook, New Mexico\u2019daki Upper Rio Grande\u2019de su ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ve tahliyesini desteklemek amac\u0131yla suyu y\u00f6netecek, depolayacak ve da\u011f\u0131tacak yeni ara\u00e7lar kullanan Bonneville Environmental Foundation ve Trout Unlimited isimli k\u00e2r amac\u0131 g\u00fctmeyen kurulu\u015flarla ortakl\u0131k kurdu. Ayr\u0131ca \u015fehir parklar\u0131nda \u015firketin ar\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f at\u0131k suyunun yeniden kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na imkan veren bir sistem olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in Utah\u2019taki Eagle Mountain \u015fehri ile i\u015f birli\u011fi yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 \u015firketler, do\u011frudan faaliyetlerinin yan\u0131nda de\u011fer zincirleri genelinde sorumlu uygulamalar\u0131 desteklemek i\u00e7in tedarik\u00e7ileri ve m\u00fc\u015fterileriyle birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Colgate-Palmolive, tedarik\u00e7ilerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde su s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n artt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcleri dikkate alarak, do\u011fal nane \u00e7ift\u00e7ileri aras\u0131nda suyun sorumlu kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik etmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak ak\u0131ll\u0131 sulama gibi yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in Mint Industry Research Council ile i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmaktad\u0131r. \u015eirket ayr\u0131ca Hindistanl\u0131 tedarik\u00e7iler aras\u0131nda su y\u00f6netiminin en iyi uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in web seminerleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. 2025 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar, su g\u00fcvenli\u011fi konusunda harekete ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in su s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7eken b\u00f6lgelerdeki malzeme tedarik\u00e7ilerinin tamam\u0131n\u0131n kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r[15]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l, 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanan ve su pozitif bir gelece\u011fe y\u00f6nelik stratejisinde t\u00fcm de\u011fer zincirini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduran ABD\u2019li bir \u00e7ok uluslu \u015firket olan Procter and Gamble\u2019dan (P&G) \u00f6zellikle ilgin\u00e7 bir vaat geldi[16]<\/a>. P&G, 2030 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnya genelinde su s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7eken 18 alanda \u00fcretim tesislerinde t\u00fcketilenden suyun daha fazla geri kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir hedef belirledi. Daha al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmad\u0131k bir \u015fekilde, ayn\u0131 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde su s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7eken iki kentsel alanda, yani Los Angeles ve Mexico City\u2019de, P&G \u00fcr\u00fcnleri kullan\u0131l\u0131rken t\u00fcketilen sudan daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 geri kazand\u0131rmay\u0131 hedefliyor. P&G, 18 \u00f6ncelikli alan\u0131n tamam\u0131nda kaydedilen P&G ile ili\u015fkili toplam su t\u00fcketiminin yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131n bu iki alanda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini tahmin etmektedir.<\/p>\n

Tan\u0131mlama ve \u00f6l\u00e7me<\/h2>\n

Su y\u00f6netimindeki \u00e7abalar h\u0131z kazan\u0131yor gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Ancak \u00f6nemli zorluklar da var. Bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131, kavramlar\u0131n ve isteklerin tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131yla ilgili. \u00d6rne\u011fin, su \u201ct\u00fcketimi\u201d tipik olarak t\u00fcm su kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ifade etmez: Genellikle yerel havzaya geri d\u00f6nmeyen ancak s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131, buharla\u015fma veya \u00fcr\u00fcnlere dahil edilme yoluyla kaybolan su olarak tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. P&G ve Facebook t\u00fcketimi b\u00f6yle tan\u0131ml\u0131yor. Di\u011fer durumlarda bu, her zaman an\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclecek kadar net de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Muhtemelen farkl\u0131 yerlerde farkl\u0131 anlamlara gelecek olan suyu \u201ckurtarman\u0131n\u201d tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yaparken de i\u015fler hemen karma\u015f\u0131kla\u015f\u0131r. P&G, su stratejisinde geri kazan\u0131m\u0131 en iyi \u015fekilde \u201csuyu iyile\u015ftirmek, y\u00f6netmek veya korumak\u201d olarak tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Sundu\u011fu olas\u0131 geri kazan\u0131m projelerine \u00f6rnek olarak sulak alanlar\u0131n y\u00f6netilmesi, arazinin yeniden a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, sulama sistemlerinin iyile\u015ftirilmesi ve s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n durdurulmas\u0131 ve koruma programlar\u0131n\u0131n desteklenmesi verilebilir. P&G, bu t\u00fcr \u00f6nlemlerin ekosistemleri korumaya, yeralt\u0131 suyu kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden beslemeye, kaybedilen su miktar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmaya ve su kalitesini iyile\u015ftirmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n

\"\"Bu t\u00fcr faaliyetlerin etkinli\u011fini \u00f6l\u00e7mek de zordur. Bu alandaki \u00f6nemli kurulu\u015flardan biri de su a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan g\u00fcvenli bir gelecek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 temel \u00f6nceliklerinden biri olarak belirleyen D\u00fcnya Kaynaklar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019d\u00fcr (WRI<\/a>). WRI, Facebook gibi \u015firketler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan su y\u00f6netimi faaliyetlerini[17]<\/a> \u00f6l\u00e7mek ve bildirmek i\u00e7in standartla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir metodoloji geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. Su stratejileri ve hedefleri geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in P&G ve g\u0131da devi Cargill dahil olmak \u00fczere m\u00fcnferit \u015firketlerle birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Siyasi zorluklar<\/h2>\n

Bu teknik zorluklar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra iyi su y\u00f6netimi ve su n\u00f6trl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalara y\u00f6nelik k\u00fcresel \u00e7abalar da \u00f6nemli siyasi engellerle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yad\u0131r. Tar\u0131ma bakarak da bunu anlayabiliriz. McKinsey\u2019e g\u00f6re bu sekt\u00f6r, d\u00fcnyadaki su kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu yani %70\u2019ini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r[18]<\/a>; bu rakam sanayideki su t\u00fcketimi i\u00e7in %19 ve evlerdeki su t\u00fcketimi i\u00e7in ise sadece %11\u2019dir. Ayn\u0131 zamanda su zorluklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelmenin en zor oldu\u011fu alanlardan biridir.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131<\/a>, tar\u0131mda su y\u00f6netiminin iyile\u015ftirilmesini s\u0131n\u0131rlayan fakt\u00f6rlerin \u201cyetersiz politikalar, ba\u015fl\u0131ca kurumsal yap\u0131lardaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck performans ve finansman s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131\u201d oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor[19]<\/a>. \u00d6rne\u011fin, su havzas\u0131 otoritelerinin su tahsisini uygulama kapasitesi genellikle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r ve \u00e7o\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve su t\u00fcketicisi sulama ve tahliye sistemlerine yeterince yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmamaktad\u0131r. Finanse etti\u011fi bireysel projeler, iyile\u015ftirmelere yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f olsa da D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131, gelecekteki zorluklar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131n \u201csular\u0131n tar\u0131m sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde nas\u0131l y\u00f6netildi\u011finin kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yeniden de\u011ferlendirilmesini\u201d gerektirece\u011fini kabul etmektedir. Benzer bir \u015fekilde, OECD<\/a>, tar\u0131mda su y\u00f6netimi ile ilgili \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki zorluklar\u0131n \u201chem son derece karma\u015f\u0131k hem de yerel olarak \u00e7e\u015fitli\u201d oldu\u011fu konusunda uyar\u0131da bulunmaktad\u0131r[20]<\/a>. H\u00fck\u00fcmetlere d\u00fczenlemeleri g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek, \u00e7ift\u00e7iler i\u00e7in te\u015fvikler olu\u015fturmak ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 su kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in harekete ge\u00e7meye davet etmektedir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f birli\u011fi \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir<\/h2>\n

A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ki daha iyi bir su y\u00f6netimi olu\u015fturmak ve su n\u00f6trl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne do\u011fru \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde zorlu bir yol var. Ancak olumlu geli\u015fmeler de yok de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

Abdul Latif Jameel<\/a>\u2019de Almar Water Solutions<\/a> arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n baz\u0131lar\u0131nda yer almaktan<\/a> gurur duyuyoruz. Almar Water Solutions, su ile ilgili zorluklara yan\u0131t veren ve daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131 ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir toplumlar olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 verimli bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6neten teknolojik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler geli\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n

Hem kentsel hem de end\u00fcstriyel sekt\u00f6rlerde tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma ve yeniden kullan\u0131m gibi geleneksel olmayan su \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerine odaklanmakta ve bunlar\u0131 kalite, yenilik\u00e7ilik ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fe s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131 kalarak uygulamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin Mart 2023\u2019te \u015firket, su ar\u0131tma tesisi<\/a> geli\u015ftirmek \u00fczere di\u011fer ortaklarla birlikte Arap K\u00f6rfezi\u2019ndeki Zuluf Onshore petrol tesisleri projesini desteklemek i\u00e7in bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme imzalayarak su ayak izini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azaltt\u0131. Bunu, Suudi Arabistan\u2019da K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ters ozmos tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma tesislerinden biri olan ve 2023 Global Su \u00d6d\u00fclleri\u2019nde Y\u0131l\u0131n Tuzdan Ar\u0131nd\u0131rma Tesisi kategorisinde \u00f6d\u00fcl kazanan<\/a> Shuqaiq 3<\/a> gibi di\u011fer \u00f6nemli su altyap\u0131s\u0131 projelerindeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 takip etmektedir.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Suudi Arabistan\u2019\u0131n K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki 450.000 m\u00b3\/g\u00fcn kapasiteli Shuqaiq 3 IWP, yakla\u015f\u0131k 4 milyon ki\u015fiye ev sahipli\u011fi yapan Asir ve Jizan illerinin tar\u0131msal ve end\u00fcstriyel faaliyetleri i\u00e7in su sa\u011flayan d\u00fcnyadaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck ters ozmos tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma tesislerinden biridir.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma ve ar\u0131tma gibi teknolojilerin potansiyelinden yararlanmak, ku\u015fkusuz k\u00fcresel su sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelmenin bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak nihayetinde teknik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerin yan\u0131nda siyasi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlere de ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var. Su y\u00f6netiminin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131, ulusal su \u015firketleri, su hizmetleri, d\u00fczenleyiciler ve tar\u0131m \u00fcreticileri gibi \u00e7ok say\u0131da payda\u015f aras\u0131ndaki etkili i\u015f birli\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. UNESCO, 2023 BM Su Konferans\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan \u201csu ile ilgili hemen hemen her m\u00fcdahale bir t\u00fcr i\u015f birli\u011fini i\u00e7erir\u201d dedi ve uluslararas\u0131 i\u015f birli\u011fini art\u0131rman\u0131n \u201cgelecek on y\u0131llarda k\u00fcresel su krizini \u00f6nlemenin tek yolu\u201d oldu\u011funu savundu[21]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Son y\u0131llarda, uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7ekte birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00f6n\u00fcnde artan bir ivme yakalanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. BM Global Compact\u2019\u0131n CEO Water Mandate<\/a> giri\u015fimi, i\u015fletmelerin alt\u0131 su y\u00f6netimi alan\u0131nda eyleme ge\u00e7meyi taahh\u00fct ettikleri ve ilerlemeleri hakk\u0131nda y\u0131ll\u0131k olarak rapor verdikleri bir platformdur. Bu platforma kaydolan 240 \u015firket aras\u0131nda Coca-Cola, Nestle ve di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u015firketlerden onlarcas\u0131 da 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flat\u0131lan ve su s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki 100\u2019den fazla havzada toplu eylemler yoluyla 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar olumlu bir su etkisi yaratmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan bir giri\u015fim olan Su Dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k Koalisyonuna<\/a> kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bunun gibi programlar, b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00fcresel \u015firketlerin, etkili su y\u00f6netiminin \u00f6nemini giderek daha fazla anlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. Ancak UNESCO\u2019nun D\u00fcnya Su Geli\u015ftirme Raporu[22]<\/a>, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerin h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri, topluluklar\u0131, vatanda\u015flar\u0131 ve \u015firketleri i\u00e7ermesi gerekti\u011fini vurgulamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Su fonlar\u0131 bu t\u00fcrden yakla\u015f\u0131mlard\u0131r. Bunlar, \u201cyukar\u0131 y\u00f6nl\u00fc\u201d iyile\u015ftirme projelerine yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmak i\u00e7in i\u015fletmeler, \u015fehirler ve kamu hizmetleri gibi su kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 bir araya getiren ve Kenya ve Meksika gibi \u00fclkelerde ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olan finansman planlar\u0131d\u0131r. Meksika\u2019da 2013 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri su kalitesinin korunmas\u0131na, selin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131na ve do\u011fal ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131n yeniden in\u015fa edilmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan Monterrey Su Fonu\u2019dur.<\/p>\n

Bunlar gibi daha fazla i\u015f birli\u011finin yeterince yak\u0131n bir zamanda geli\u015ftirilmesi pek muhtemel de\u011fildir. UNESCO genel direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Audrey Azoulay, 2023 BM Su Konferans\u0131\u2019nda \u015fu ifadelerde bulundu[23]<\/a>: \u201cSu, ortak gelece\u011fimizdir. Suyu e\u015fit bir \u015fekilde payla\u015fmak ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in birlikte hareket etmemiz \u00f6nemlidir.\u201d<\/p>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, bir sonraki gerekli ad\u0131m her ne kadar g\u00f6z korkutucu da olsa net bir \u015fekilde bellidir. D\u00fcnya genelinde temiz ve g\u00fcvenilir su kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrme konusunda pay\u0131 olan farkl\u0131 ki\u015fi ve kurulu\u015flar, bunun neleri i\u00e7erece\u011fine dair ortak bir anlay\u0131\u015fa ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in bir araya gelmelidir. Bunu yapabildi\u011fimiz takdirde, durumun gerektirdi\u011fi aciliyeti kar\u015f\u0131layabilmek i\u00e7in kendimize m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en iyi \u015fans\u0131 vermi\u015f oluruz.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldwildlife.org\/threats\/water-scarcity<\/a><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/reports\/wwdr\/2023\/en\/download<\/a><\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/weather\/2023\/mar\/04\/very-precarious-europe-faces-growing-water-crisis-as-winter-drought-worsens<\/a><\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldweatherattribution.org\/human-induced-climate-change-increased-drought-severity-in-southern-horn-of-africa\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/en\/articles\/imminent-risk-global-water-crisis-warns-un-world-water-development-report-2023<\/a><\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/reports\/wwdr\/2023\/en\/download<\/a><\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.watercalculator.org\/footprint\/water-footprints-by-country\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.colgatepalmolive.com\/content\/dam\/cp-sites\/corporate\/corporate\/common\/pdf\/sustainability\/colgate-palmolive-sustainability-and-social-impact-final-report-2022.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> https:\/\/blog.google\/outreach-initiatives\/sustainability\/replenishing-water\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> https:\/\/tech.facebook.com\/engineering\/2021\/8\/facebook-is-committed-to-being-water-positive-by-2030\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> https:\/\/blogs.microsoft.com\/blog\/2020\/09\/21\/microsoft-will-replenish-more-water-than-it-consumes-by-2030\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.waterfootprint.org\/resources\/interactive-tools\/product-gallery\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/capabilities\/sustainability\/our-insights\/water-a-human-and-business-priority<\/a><\/p>\n

[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.unido.org\/our-focus\/safeguarding-environment\/resource-efficient-and-low-carbon-industrial-production\/industry-and-adaptation\/water-stewardship<\/p>\n

[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.colgatepalmolive.com\/content\/dam\/cp-sites\/corporate\/corporate\/common\/pdf\/sustainability\/colgate-palmolive-sustainability-and-social-impact-final-report-2022.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[16]<\/a> https:\/\/s1.q4cdn.com\/695946674\/files\/doc_downloads\/esg\/2022\/water\/P-G-Strategy-Toward-a-Water-Positive-Future.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wri.org\/research\/volumetric-water-benefit-accounting-vwba-method-implementing-and-valuing-water-stewardship<\/a><\/p>\n

[18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/capabilities\/sustainability\/our-insights\/water-a-human-and-business-priority<\/a><\/p>\n

[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/topic\/water-in-agriculture<\/a><\/p>\n

[20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/agriculture\/topics\/water-and-agriculture\/<\/a><\/p>\n

[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/en\/articles\/imminent-risk-global-water-crisis-warns-un-world-water-development-report-2023<\/a><\/p>\n

[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/reports\/wwdr\/2023\/en\/download<\/a><\/p>\n

[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/en\/articles\/imminent-risk-global-water-crisis-warns-un-world-water-development-report-2023<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":109942,"template":"","tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAk\u0131\u015f\u0131na m\u0131 b\u0131rakmal\u0131y\u0131z? | Abdul Latif Jameel\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak, su kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ve sorumlu bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netmeye y\u00f6nelik k\u00fcresel \u00e7abalar i\u00e7in bir temel olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/alj.com\/tr\/spotlight-by-fady-jameel\/going-with-the-flow\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na m\u0131 b\u0131rakmal\u0131y\u0131z? 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