- \n
- AB\u2019nin k\u00fcresel ormans\u0131zla\u015fma ve biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlilik kayb\u0131 \u00fczerindeki etkisini azaltmak<\/li>\n
- Ormans\u0131zla\u015fmaya sebep olmayan tedarik zincirlerini desteklemek<\/li>\n
- AB\u2019nin sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamak<\/li>\n
- \u0130nsan haklar\u0131n\u0131 ve yerli halk\u0131n haklar\u0131n\u0131 korumak<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Yeni yasa, \u015firketleri ormans\u0131zla\u015fmayla ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6nemli mallarla ticaretinde bu mallar\u0131n daha fazla ormans\u0131zla\u015fmaya yol a\u00e7mayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulamaya zorlar. Bu yasa yaln\u0131zca s\u0131\u011f\u0131r, kakao, kahve, palmiye ya\u011f\u0131, kau\u00e7uk, soya ve ah\u015fap olmak \u00fczere yedi temel malzemeyi de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda mobilya, dana eti, deri, ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fcr\u00fcnler, \u00e7ikolata ve kau\u00e7uk gibi t\u00fcrev \u00fcr\u00fcnleri de kapsar.<\/p>\n
EUDR, yukar\u0131daki mallardan herhangi birinin Avrupa pazar\u0131na a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki durumlar olmadan giri\u015fini yasaklar:<\/p>\n
- \n
- ormans\u0131zla\u015fmaya veya orman bozulmas\u0131na neden olmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamak;<\/li>\n
- men\u015fe \u00fclkelerin \u00e7evre ve arazi kullan\u0131m d\u00fczenlemelerine uymak;<\/li>\n
- mallar\u0131n bir durum tespiti beyan\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
AB \u00fcye \u00fclkeleri para cezas\u0131 (i\u015f cirosunun %4\u2019\u00fcne kadar) verme, mallara el koyma veya bu yasaya uymayan \u015firketler i\u00e7in ticaret ruhsat\u0131n\u0131n ask\u0131ya alma yetkisine sahip olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyam\u0131z\u0131n akci\u011ferleri i\u015flevi g\u00f6ren bu yerleri korumak i\u00e7in neden bu denli s\u0131k\u0131 yasal d\u00fczenlemeler gerekiyor? K\u0131saca belirtmek gerekirse, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 s\u00f6m\u00fcrme i\u015ftah\u0131m\u0131z pi\u015fmanl\u0131k duymadan kabarmaya devam ediyor.<\/p>\n
\u0130nsan kaynakl\u0131 bask\u0131lar a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131 \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tahribata yol a\u00e7\u0131yor<\/h2>\n
Tar\u0131msal operasyonlar, soya tarlalar\u0131, hayvanlar\u0131n otlat\u0131lmas\u0131 veya maden ve sondaj i\u00e7in araziyi haz\u0131rlayan tesviye i\u015fleri, hatta insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fayaca\u011f\u0131 yeni evlerin in\u015fas\u0131 gibi birden fazla rekabet eden \u201c\u00f6ncelik\u201d yarat\u0131larak milyonlarca a\u011fa\u00e7lar tahrip ediliyor. Ayn\u0131 zamanda keresteciler de ah\u015fap ve ka\u011f\u0131t \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine olan doymak bilmez bir susuzlu\u011fu gideriyorlar. Bu end\u00fcstriler, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda ormanlar\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131n yok olmas\u0131ndan birlikte sorumludur.[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00fcnl\u00fc ya\u011fmur ormanlar\u0131na ev sahipli\u011fi yapan Amazon\u2019da, s\u0131\u011f\u0131r \u00e7iftliklerinin ve ekilebilir \u00e7iftliklerin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ormans\u0131zla\u015fman\u0131n daha da h\u0131zlanmas\u0131na neden oluyor. Tropik b\u00f6lgelerin d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131nda, ya\u015fl\u0131 ormanlar\u0131n yerini yiyecek, ki\u015fisel bak\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnleri ve hayvan yemi i\u00e7in tercih edilen palm ya\u011f\u0131 plantasyonlar\u0131 gibi alternatif kullan\u0131mlar al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ALJ-Spotlight-Deforestation_001-scaled.jpg\")
<\/p>\nG\u00fcvenlik ve emniyet arayan k\u00fcresel insan kitlesi, a\u011fa\u00e7lar \u00fczerinde kendi bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yaratmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun 2050 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 milyar ki\u015fiye ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilirken[2]<\/sup><\/a>, kentsel yay\u0131lman\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki geni\u015f ormanl\u0131k alanlar\u0131n bir de ba\u011flant\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan yol a\u011flar\u0131 nedeniyle yok olmaya mahkum oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu arada, pek \u00e7o\u011funa insan yap\u0131m\u0131 k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131<\/a>[3]<\/sup><\/a>, ormanlar\u0131n yeniden b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini engelleyerek bir\u00e7ok fidan ve gen\u00e7 a\u011fac\u0131 yok ediyor.<\/p>\n
Hepimizin bildi\u011fi devasa tropikal ormanlarla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmayan bu a\u011fa\u00e7 katliam\u0131, Amazon\u2019daki ya\u011fmur ormanlar\u0131, Kongo Havzas\u0131 veya Endonezya, Papua Yeni Gine ve Malezya\u2019ya kadar uzanan 200 milyon hektardan fazla birincil b\u00fcy\u00fcme alan\u0131n\u0131 etkiliyor.<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer yandan insan ve ekonomik bask\u0131lar\u0131n birle\u015fti\u011fi her yerde ormans\u0131zla\u015fma art\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k, 2001 ve 2021 aras\u0131ndaki yirmi y\u0131lda yakla\u015f\u0131k 105.000 hektar a\u011fa\u00e7l\u0131k alan\u0131 feda etti (a\u011fa\u00e7 \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcnde neredeyse %7\u2019lik bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc temsil ediyor).[4]<\/sup><\/a> \u015eu anda, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k\u2019\u0131n balta girmemi\u015f ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n tahmini %85\u2019i ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n %40\u2019\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131 kanunen korunma alt\u0131nda de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n
Atlantik genelinde, ABD\u2019deki 766 milyon d\u00f6n\u00fcml\u00fck ormanl\u0131k arazinin %70\u2019inden fazlas\u0131, eyalet veya federal yasalar\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fc d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00f6zel ki\u015filerin ellerindedir. 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD\u2019nin end\u00fcstri, tar\u0131m ve kentle\u015fme i\u00e7in tek ba\u015f\u0131na kaybetti\u011fi ormanl\u0131k alan 4,22 milyon d\u00f6n\u00fcmd\u00fc ve bu da 775 milyon ton CO2<\/sub> emisyonuna e\u015fittir.[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n
K\u00fcresel olarak a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n durumu ne kadar k\u00f6t\u00fc ve EUDR gibi giri\u015fimler bunu tersine \u00e7evirmede nas\u0131l bir rol oynayabilir?<\/p>\n
A\u011fa\u00e7 yoksa insan da yok<\/h2>\n
D\u00fcnya \u015fu anda yakla\u015f\u0131k 3 trilyon a\u011fa\u00e7 bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131yor. \u00c7ok gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir ancak insan medeniyetinin ilk ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamankinin sadece yar\u0131s\u0131<\/em> kadard\u0131r.[6]<\/sup><\/a> Uyar\u0131 i\u015faretleri gelmeye devam ediyor:<\/p>\n
- \n
- K\u00fcresel olarak 1990\u2019dan bu yana yakla\u015f\u0131k 420 milyon hektar<\/strong>, yani kabaca Avrupa k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131na e\u015f de\u011fer bir ormanl\u0131k alan a\u011fa\u00e7 tahribat\u0131n\u0131n kurban\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.[7]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n
- Y ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan beri tropikal birincil ya\u011fmur ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %7,4<\/strong>\u2019\u00fc yok oldu.[8]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n
- Makineler her iki saniyede bir futbol sahas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde ormanl\u0131k araziyi yok ediyor. Bu, d\u00fcnya genelinde y\u0131lda 15 milyar a\u011fac\u0131n<\/strong> kesilmesi anlam\u0131na geliyor.[9]<\/sup><\/a> Bu \u00e7ok korkutucu ve ger\u00e7ekten s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemez bir bedel.<\/li>\n
- Afrika sadece son y\u00fczy\u0131lda a\u011fa\u00e7 stokunun be\u015fte birinden<\/strong> fazlas\u0131n\u0131 kaybetmi\u015ftir.[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ALJ-Spotlight-Deforestation_002-scaled.jpg\")
<\/p>\nA\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 sonsuza kadar ya\u011fmalanabilecek bir kaynak olarak g\u00f6rmek, gelecekte ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak bedelleri \u00f6ng\u00f6rememek ya da g\u00f6rmezden gelmektir. Ormanl\u0131k alanlar\u0131n kayb\u0131 belirli bir seviyeye ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ya\u015fam tarzlar\u0131m\u0131z bundan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkilenir; \u00e7ok ciddi kay\u0131plar\u0131m\u0131z olur ve yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclemez hale gelir. A\u011fa\u00e7lar, hafta sonu y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde g\u00f6rsel bir keyif unsuru olmaktan \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131d\u0131r. Onlar, t\u00fcm toplumumuz i\u00e7in bir ya\u015fam destek sistemidir.<\/p>\n
Hi\u00e7 \u015f\u00fcphesiz, buras\u0131 a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n gezegenidir ve biz onlar\u0131n krall\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sadece ziyaret\u00e7ileriz.<\/p>\n
A\u011fa\u00e7lar sa\u011fl\u0131k, ekonomik ve sosyal sistemlerin \u00fczerinde y\u00fckselir<\/h2>\n
Ormanlar sadece kutlamaya de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda aktif olarak korumaya de\u011fer bir do\u011fa harikas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda milyonlarca insana g\u0131da sa\u011fl\u0131yorlar ve g\u0131da sistemlerimiz<\/a> ile ili\u015fkili b\u00f6cekler ve mantarlar gibi birden fazla ya\u015fam formu i\u00e7in do\u011fal ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131 sunuyorlar. Ormanlar ayn\u0131 zamanda hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 tedavi etmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan ila\u00e7lar i\u00e7in ham bile\u015fenlerin ve ailelerin \u0131s\u0131nmada kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 odunlar i\u00e7in temel kaynakt\u0131r. Topra\u011f\u0131 tutarak erozyonu \u00f6nlemeye ve tatl\u0131 su ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n<\/a> korunmas\u0131na ve debisinin normal seviyelerde seyretmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olurlar.<\/p>\n
Amfibi t\u00fcrlerinin yakla\u015f\u0131k %80\u2019ine, ku\u015f t\u00fcrlerinin %75\u2019ine ve memeli t\u00fcrlerinin %68\u2019ine ev sahipli\u011fi yapan ormanlar kitlesel ya\u015fam i\u00e7in bir kulu\u00e7ka merkezi i\u015flevi de g\u00f6r\u00fcrler.[11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n
Ormanlar, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda yakla\u015f\u0131k 70 milyon yerli insana ev sahipli\u011fi yaparak insanlar i\u00e7in de s\u0131\u011f\u0131nak sa\u011fl\u0131yorlar. Ormanlar, en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck tahminle, d\u00fcnya n\u00fcfusunun yakla\u015f\u0131k be\u015fte birinin ge\u00e7imi i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6neme sahip.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ALJ-Spotlight-Deforestation_003-scaled.jpg\")
<\/p>\nOrmanlar, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine<\/a> kar\u015f\u0131 verilen, bir nevi \u00f6l\u00fcm kal\u0131m m\u00fccadelesi say\u0131labilecek sava\u015fta \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli ve ger\u00e7ekten yerine ba\u015fka herhangi bir \u015feyi koyamayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r.<\/p>\n
A\u011fa\u00e7lar do\u011fal karbon depolay\u0131c\u0131 bir i\u015fleve sahiptir. Havadaki karbondioksiti emer ve depolar ve k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmay\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131ran atmosferik CO2<\/sub> birikimini \u00f6nler. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, karada depolanan karbonun %45\u2019inin ormanlarda bulundu\u011funu ve bunlar\u0131n birlikte milyarlarca ton CO2<\/sub>\u2019ye denk geldi\u011fini ortaya koyuyor.[12]<\/sup><\/a> Bir a\u011fa\u00e7 kesilip yak\u0131l\u0131rsa saklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 CO2<\/sub>, h\u0131zl\u0131 ve toplu olarak sal\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Beklenmedik bir \u015fekilde, tahminler ormans\u0131zla\u015fman\u0131n k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %12\u2019si i\u00e7in tetikleyici bir etkiye sahip oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermektedir.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n
Baz\u0131 tropik ormanlar\u0131n yakalad\u0131klar\u0131ndan daha fazla karbon yaymas\u0131na neden olan bu seviyedeki bir ormans\u0131zla\u015fma, onlar\u0131 istenmeyen bir \u015fekilde karbon tutma<\/em> deposundan karbon kayna\u011f\u0131na<\/em> d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin baz\u0131 bilim insanlar\u0131, Amazon Ya\u011fmur Orman\u0131\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneydo\u011fusundaki ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n bundan sonraki s\u00fcre\u00e7te karbon kayna\u011f\u0131 olma kriterlerini kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia ediyor.[14]<\/sup><\/a> 12 y\u0131ll\u0131k uydu verilerinden yararlanan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, tropikal ormanlar\u0131n art\u0131k net bir karbon kayna\u011f\u0131 oldu\u011fu ve ormans\u0131zla\u015fmadan kaynaklanan kay\u0131plar\u0131n yeni b\u00fcy\u00fcyen ormanlardan elde edilen kazan\u00e7lar\u0131n iki kat\u0131 oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[15]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n
Yine de umut var.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnya Kaynaklar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019ne g\u00f6re, daha ak\u0131ll\u0131 orman y\u00f6netimi, s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 sanayile\u015fme \u00f6ncesi seviyelerin +2 o<\/sup>C s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde tutmak i\u00e7in 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan k\u00fcresel emisyon azalt\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birini sa\u011flayabilir.[16]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n
Ye\u015file yat\u0131r\u0131m, gelece\u011fe yat\u0131r\u0131m demektir<\/h2>\n
Bir senaryoda, ormanlar asl\u0131nda k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmaya kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelemizde \u00f6n saflarda yer alabilir. \u00c7abalar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 koruma, restorasyon ve arazi y\u00f6netimine<\/a> odaklamak, tropikal a\u011fa\u00e7 \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn 2015 Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda belirlenen \u00e7evresel hedeflere ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in gereken iklim etkisinin \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n hafifletilmesini sa\u011flayabilir.[17]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n
Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, \u201cgelecek i\u00e7in ormanlar\u201d stratejisinde iki y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir yakla\u015f\u0131m benimseyebiliriz. Birinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm, karbon tutulumunu art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ormanlar\u0131n yenilenmesini ve yeniden dikilmesini gerektirir; ikinci b\u00f6l\u00fcm, daha fazla ormans\u0131zla\u015fmay\u0131 a\u015famal\u0131 olarak engelleyerek emisyonlar\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n
\u00c7ok mu maliyetli? Sadece y\u00fczeysel bir analiz yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bile tasarruf edilen her ton CO2<\/sub> ba\u015f\u0131na 100 ABD dolar\u0131ndan daha az maliyet getiren bu stratejiler, ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan m\u00fcdahaleci teknolojilerden daha ikna edicidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, karbon yakalama ve depolama<\/a> (BECCS) ile elde edilen biyoenerjide tasarruf edilen her ton CO2<\/sub> ba\u015f\u0131na 1.000 ABD dolar\u0131ndan fazlaya maliyet olabilir.[18]<\/sup><\/a> Acilen ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z olan \u015fey, yeniden a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rmay\u0131, ormanlar\u0131 korumay\u0131 ve toprak y\u00f6netimini k\u00fcresel g\u00fcndemin en \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in politik ve kamusal ivme yakalamakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ALJ-Spotlight-Deforestation_004-scaled.jpg\")
<\/p>\n\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle m\u00fccadele eylemlerini geciktirmenin y\u00fcksek maliyetleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda (bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmadan kaynaklanan hasar\u0131n 2050 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar y\u0131lda 38 trilyon ABD dolar\u0131na ula\u015fabilece\u011fini hesaplamaktad\u0131r[19]<\/sup><\/a>), a\u011fa\u00e7lara yap\u0131lan yat\u0131r\u0131m ak\u0131ll\u0131 bir teklif gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, orman restorasyonuna<\/a> yat\u0131r\u0131lan her 1 ABD dolar\u0131n\u0131n, 7 ABD dolar\u0131 ile 30 ABD dolar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ekonomik fayda sa\u011flayabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. Bu rakamlardan yola \u00e7\u0131karak, 150 milyon hektarl\u0131k bozulmu\u015f \u00e7iftlik arazisinin yeniden ormana d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, 200 milyona yak\u0131n insan\u0131 beslerken<\/a>, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7iftlik sahipleri i\u00e7in de y\u0131lda 40 milyar ABD dolar\u0131na kadar ekstra gelir sa\u011flayabilir.[20]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n
T\u00fcm bunlar, yak\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girecek olan EUDR y\u00f6netmeli\u011finin elle tutulur \u00e7evresel ve ekonomik faydalar sa\u011flayabilece\u011fini, ayn\u0131 zamanda ortak ormanlar\u0131m\u0131za ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 topluluklar\u0131 ve sekt\u00f6rleri koruyabilece\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n
EUDR: T\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada hissedilecek de\u011fi\u015fiklikler<\/h2>\n
Y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girecek olan EUDR y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi, AB emtia t\u00fcketiminin neden oldu\u011fu karbon emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u0131lda en az 32 milyon metrik ton azaltmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ormans\u0131zla\u015fma ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 emtialarla u\u011fra\u015fan \u015firketlerin tedarik zincirlerinin h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na, maliyetlerin artmas\u0131na ve daha fazla inceleme yap\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olabilir. \u0130\u015f dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hizmeti veren S&P Global, etkilerin \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u201cAsya\u2019da Endonezya ve Malezya gibi palm ya\u011f\u0131 \u00fcreten b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fclkelerde, Brezilya ve Arjantin gibi \u00fclkelerin tar\u0131msal sanayilerinde ve Fildi\u015fi Sahili ve Gana gibi \u00fclkelerden AB\u2019ye yap\u0131lan kakao ihracatlar\u0131nda\u201d hissedilece\u011fini s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
Bir\u00e7ok kaynak \u00fclke, kendi ormans\u0131zla\u015fmay\u0131 \u00f6nleme politikalar\u0131na daha s\u0131k\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ba\u011fl\u0131 kalarak yeni Avrupa standartlar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015facakt\u0131r. Ancak, \u00fclke i\u00e7i yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n zay\u0131f olmas\u0131 ve sonraki COP<\/a> toplant\u0131lar\u0131nda verilen uluslararas\u0131 fon taahh\u00fctlerinin azalmas\u0131, daha fazla \u00fclkenin AB\u2019nin k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 bayrakl\u0131 \u00fclkeler listesine girmesine yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n
D\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 niteli\u011findeki bu y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin tek ba\u015f\u0131na ormanlar\u0131n korunmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olup olmayaca\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015f\u0131labilir. Ekstra maliyetler, al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 bunun yerine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck riskli kabul edilen \u00fclkelere y\u00f6nelmeye itebilir. Kaynak \u00fclkeler de benzer \u015fekilde AB d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki geni\u015f pazarlarda hizmet veren alternatif m\u00fc\u015fterilere y\u00f6nelebilir. Brezilya, \u00c7in\u2019e daha fazla kereste tedarik edebilir veya Endonezya, Afrika\u2019ya daha fazla palm ya\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6nderebilir.<\/p>\n
B\u00f6ylesine kapsaml\u0131 bir yasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin, istenmeyen sekt\u00f6rleri de etkileyebilece\u011fine dair endi\u015feler s\u00fcr\u00fcyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin AB\u2019ye y\u0131ll\u0131k 3,5 milyar ABD dolar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde ihracat yapan ABD ka\u011f\u0131t end\u00fcstrisi, \u015fu anda bebek bezi ve di\u011fer \u00f6nemli t\u0131bbi \u00fcr\u00fcnleri \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan \u00f6zel ka\u011f\u0131t hamurunun %60\u2019\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131 tedarik etmektedir. Tedarik\u00e7ilerin EUDR kurallar\u0131na uymamas\u0131 durumunda keskin fiyat art\u0131\u015flar\u0131 bekleniyor.[21]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n
EUDR\u2019nin k\u00fcresel ormanlar\u0131 anlaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde korumas\u0131 i\u00e7in, di\u011fer \u00e7er\u00e7eve anla\u015fmalar\u0131yla uyumlu olmas\u0131 gerekli olacakt\u0131r. Ormans\u0131zla\u015fma ve Orman Bozulmas\u0131ndan Kaynaklanan Emisyonlar\u0131n Azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 (REDD<\/a>+) program\u0131, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda bilim insanlar\u0131 ve yasa koyucular taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen farkl\u0131 politikalar\u0131 i\u00e7ermekte olup k\u00fcresel orman \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc korumak i\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri, \u00e7ift\u00e7ileri ve topluluklar\u0131 finansal olarak te\u015fvik etmek i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[22]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n
REDD+, orman tahribini yava\u015flatma, a\u011fa\u00e7l\u0131k alanlar\u0131n yenilenmesini te\u015fvik etme ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ormanc\u0131l\u0131k uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 uygulamaya koyma ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 faaliyetler i\u00e7in hibeler sunmaktad\u0131r. Bu program, D\u00fcnya Bankas\u0131 (Orman Karbon Ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Tesisi arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla) ve Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler\u2019in (UN-REDD arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla) dahil oldu\u011fu \u00e7e\u015fitli mekanizmalar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmektedir. 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir inceleme, REDD i\u00e7in y\u0131ll\u0131k finansman taahh\u00fctlerinin ortalama 220 milyon ABD dolar\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve 720 milyon ABD dolar\u0131 de\u011ferinde Amazon Fonu\u2019nun \u00f6nemli bir u\u00e7 de\u011fer oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
Proaktif yakla\u015f\u0131m \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, tropik orman kayb\u0131 mevcut h\u0131zda devam ederse, k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 sanayile\u015fme \u00f6ncesi seviyelerin +2 o<\/sup>C s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde tutman\u0131n \u201cneredeyse imkans\u0131z\u201d olaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc bir uyar\u0131da bulunuyor.[23]<\/sup><\/a> Kararl\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc davranmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n
De\u011ferli ormanlar\u0131 kurtarma \u00e7abalar\u0131 i\u00e7in zaman daral\u0131yor<\/h2>\n
Ormans\u0131zla\u015fma yaln\u0131zca geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerin sorunu de\u011fil. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz toplumunda hepimiz b\u00f6lgesel ve k\u00fcresel d\u00fczeylerde birbirimize ba\u011fl\u0131y\u0131z. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Endonezya orman yang\u0131nlar\u0131ndan gelen dumanlar G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019n\u0131n tamam\u0131nda hava kalitesini ve hava durumunu<\/a> etkiler. Benzer \u015fekilde ABD ve Avrupa\u2019da ah\u015fap \u00fcr\u00fcnlere y\u00f6nelik kesintisiz talep, Kongo Havzas\u0131 ve Amazon gibi alanlarda \u00e7evresel bozulmay\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Hepimiz, sorunlar ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler aras\u0131ndaki bu m\u00fccadelede ipin bir ucundan tutuyoruz.<\/p>\n
2021-2022 y\u0131llar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n da g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi, do\u011fay\u0131 hafife al\u0131rsak kendimize zarar verebiliriz.<\/p>\n
Ormans\u0131zla\u015fma insanlarda hastal\u0131klara da yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. Yeni ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %60\u2019\u0131 hayvanlardan kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Buna zoonotik hastal\u0131klar<\/a> denir. Do\u011fal habitatlar\u0131 kerestenin sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131sa vadeli \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in yok etmek, vah\u015fi hayvanlar\u0131n insanlarla daha yak\u0131n temas halinde olmas\u0131na neden olur. Bu da vir\u00fcslerin t\u00fcrler aras\u0131nda \u201cge\u00e7i\u015fini\u201d kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. 2014 y\u0131l\u0131nda tek bir meyve yarasas\u0131n\u0131n \u0131s\u0131r\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ba\u015flayan Ebola salg\u0131n\u0131 ile Gine, Liberya ve Sierra Leone\u2019deki 11.000\u2019den fazla insan \u00f6ld\u00fc.[24]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n
Ormanlar, iklim eylemi fonlar\u0131ndan yaln\u0131zca %3 oran\u0131nda pay al\u0131yor. D\u00fcnya Kaynaklar\u0131 Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, ormanlar\u0131n restorasyonu ve korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u00fcresel finansman a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u015fu anda yakla\u015f\u0131k 300 milyar ABD dolar\u0131 oldu\u011funu tahmin ediyor.[25]<\/sup><\/a> Bu, a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n D\u00fcnya\u2019n\u0131n ya\u015fam destek sistemlerinin merkezinde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, kaynak tahsisinin ac\u0131 verici bir \u015fekilde yetersiz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor.[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2025\/04\/ALJ-Spotlight-Deforestation_005-scaled.jpg\")
<\/p>\nA\u011fa\u00e7lar d\u00fcnyada ilk kez yakla\u015f\u0131k 350 milyon y\u0131l \u00f6nce ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Homo sapiens t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn, yani insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nsa bu gezegendeki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sadece 350.000 y\u0131l \u00f6nce ba\u015flad\u0131. Gezegenimizde birlikte ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z en uzak kuzenimiz a\u011fa\u00e7larla ili\u015fkimiz pek de iyi gitmiyor. EUDR m\u00fckemmel olmayabilir, ancak toplumlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n devam eden ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na de\u011fer verirsek, \u00e7evremizin k\u00fcresel \u00e7apta korunmas\u0131n\u0131 ve toplumumuzun s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in bu t\u00fcr giri\u015fimleri desteklemeliyiz.<\/p>\n
[1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/article\/deforestation<\/a><\/p>\n
[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/global-issues\/population<\/a><\/p>\n
[3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.c2es.org\/content\/wildfires-and-climate-change<\/a><\/p>\n
[4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bluepatch.org\/is-deforestation-a-problem-in-the-uk\/<\/a><\/p>\n
[5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.green.earth\/blog\/deforestation-in-the-united-states-causes-consequences-and-cures<\/a><\/p>\n
[6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.science.org\/content\/article\/earth-home-3-trillion-trees-half-many-when-human-civilization-arose<\/a><\/p>\n
[7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/topics\/en\/article\/20221019STO44561\/deforestation-causes-and-how-the-eu-is-tackling-it<\/a><\/p>\n
[8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wri.org\/forests<\/a><\/p>\n
[9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wwf.org.uk\/learn\/effects-of\/deforestation<\/a><\/p>\n
[10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.chathamhouse.org\/2023\/05\/deforestation-africa<\/a><\/p>\n
[11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.unep-wcmc.org\/en\/news\/earths-biodiversity-depends-on-the-worlds-forests<\/a><\/p>\n
[12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.science.org\/content\/article\/earth-home-3-trillion-trees-half-many-when-human-civilization-arose<\/a><\/p>\n
[13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bluepatch.org\/is-deforestation-a-problem-in-the-uk\/<\/a><\/p>\n
[14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/explainers\/whats-redd-and-will-it-help-tackle-climate-change\/<\/a><\/p>\n
[15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.aam5962<\/a><\/p>\n
[16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wri.org\/forests<\/a><\/p>\n
[17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/article\/deforestation<\/a><\/p>\n
[18]<\/a> https:\/\/files.wri.org\/d8\/s3fs-public\/ending-tropical-deforestation-tropical-forests-climate-change.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n
[19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/business\/environment\/climate-change-damage-could-cost-38-trillion-per-year-by-2050-study-finds-2024-04-17\/<\/a><\/p>\n
[20]<\/a> https:\/\/files.wri.org\/d8\/s3fs-public\/roots-of-prosperity_0.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n
[21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.afandpa.org\/news\/2024\/why-eu-needs-reconsider-their-deforestation-law<\/a><\/p>\n
[22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.lse.ac.uk\/granthaminstitute\/explainers\/whats-redd-and-will-it-help-tackle-climate-change\/<\/a><\/p>\n
[23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wri.org\/insights\/numbers-value-tropical-forests-climate-change-equation<\/a><\/p>\n
[24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/article\/deforestation<\/a><\/p>\n
[25]<\/a> https:\/\/files.wri.org\/d8\/s3fs-public\/roots-of-prosperity_0.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n
[26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wri.org\/insights\/numbers-value-tropical-forests-climate-change-equation<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":121539,"template":"","tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n
EUDR ile Ormans\u0131zla\u015fmayla M\u00fccadele | Abdul Latif Jameel\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"EUDR, ekosistemi koruyarak, CO2'yi azaltarak, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ticareti ve k\u00fcresel boyutta d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel ekonomiyi destekleyerek orman kayb\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeyi hedefler. 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