{"id":122894,"date":"2025-08-13T07:41:49","date_gmt":"2025-08-13T07:41:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alj.com\/spotlight-by-fady-jameel\/cop29-bold-enough-to-make-a-difference\/"},"modified":"2026-01-09T06:37:27","modified_gmt":"2026-01-09T06:37:27","slug":"cop29-bold-enough-to-make-a-difference","status":"publish","type":"spotlight-fadyjameel","link":"https:\/\/alj.com\/tr\/spotlight-by-fady-jameel\/cop29-bold-enough-to-make-a-difference\/","title":{"rendered":"COP29: Fark yaratacak cesarete sahip miyiz?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler\u2019in y\u0131ll\u0131k k\u00fcresel iklim konferans\u0131n\u0131n kritik sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendiriyoruz<\/h4>\n

Kas\u0131m 2024\u2019te ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen COP29<\/a> konferans\u0131, tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z bir ger\u00e7e\u011fi ortaya koydu. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle m\u00fccadele, yaln\u0131zca grafikler ve verilerle de\u011fil, \u00e7ok daha karma\u015f\u0131k dinamiklerle \u015fekilleniyor. Bu m\u00fccadele, ekonomik dengelerin, jeopolitik hamlelerin ve uzun s\u00fcredir kabul g\u00f6ren yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 sarsabilecek siyasi geli\u015fmelerin insaf\u0131na kalm\u0131\u015f durumda.\u201d<\/p>\n

COP29, Donald Trump\u2019\u0131n ABD\u2019nin 47. Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak se\u00e7ilmesinden bir haftadan k\u0131sa s\u00fcre sonra Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Bak\u00fc\u2019de ba\u015flad\u0131. Konferansta al\u0131nan her karar, \u00e7evre koruma politikalar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmeyi ve fosil yak\u0131tlara yeniden yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmay\u0131 hedefleyen bir ABD liderinin g\u00f6lgesinde \u015fekillendi. Nitekim Ba\u015fkan Trump, g\u00f6revinin ilk 100 g\u00fcn\u00fcnde bilimsel programlar\u0131n fonlar\u0131n\u0131 kesti, yeni petrol boru hatlar\u0131na onay verdi ve Amerika\u2019y\u0131 2016 Paris \u0130klim Anla\u015fmas\u0131<\/a>\u2019ndan \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131[1]<\/a>. T\u00fcm bu geli\u015fmeler, COP29\u2019da \u00fczerinde uzla\u015f\u0131lan ad\u0131mlar\u0131 daha da kritik hale getiriyor ve d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda iklim eylemlerinde yeni bir d\u00f6neme girdi\u011fimizi g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

COP29 zirvesinde yakla\u015f\u0131k 200 \u00fclkeden gelen delegeler, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n merakl\u0131 bak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 alt\u0131nda k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nman\u0131n en k\u00f6t\u00fc etkilerini durdurmak ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131yla daha etkin m\u00fccadele etmek amac\u0131yla imza att\u0131klar\u0131 yeni \u00f6nlemlerle gelece\u011fe dair umutlar\u0131 ye\u015fertti.<\/p>\n

Zirvenin en dikkat \u00e7ekici sonucu, geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelere y\u00f6nelik 300 milyar ABD dolar\u0131 tutar\u0131nda yeni bir iklim finansman\u0131 fonunun olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 oldu. Fon kapsam\u0131nda y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00f6demelerin en ge\u00e7 2035 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar ba\u015flamas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.[2]<\/sup><\/a> Bu yeni taahh\u00fct, \u015fu anda sa\u011flanan y\u0131ll\u0131k 100 milyar ABD dolar\u0131 tutar\u0131nda finansman deste\u011fine k\u0131yasla b\u00fcy\u00fck bir art\u0131\u015f\u0131 temsil ediyor.<\/p>\n

Resmi olarak \u201cYeni Kolektif Say\u0131salla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Hedef\u201d (New Collective Quantified Goal) ad\u0131 verilen fonun amac\u0131, y\u00fckselen ekonomilerin yenilenebilir enerjiye yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmas\u0131na destek olmak ve fosil yak\u0131tlara olan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak. \u0130klim krizinin etkileri giderek artarken bu fon, ayn\u0131 zamanda hastaneler, okullar ve sanayi gibi kritik hizmetlerin devam\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayarak toplumlar\u0131 koruyacak ve ya\u015fam\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fini g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alacak.<\/p>\n

S\u00fcrekli yenilenecek olan bu finansman y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, kamu ve \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n ortak katk\u0131s\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131lanacak. Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerse bu konuda liderlik rol\u00fcn\u00fc \u00fcstlenecek. COP29 kapsam\u0131nda bir araya gelen \u00e7ok tarafl\u0131 kalk\u0131nma bankalar\u0131 (MDB), iklim finansman\u0131nda son 12 ayda %25\u2019lik bir art\u0131\u015f ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortak bir a\u00e7\u0131klamayla duyurdu.[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

AB \u0130klim Komiseri Wopke Hoekstra, bu yeni fonu \u201ciklim finansman\u0131nda yepyeni bir d\u00f6nemin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131\u201d olarak nitelendirdi.[4]<\/sup><\/a> COP29 zirvesinde iklim kriziyle zamana kar\u015f\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen m\u00fccadeleye umut veren tek giri\u015fim elbette bu fon de\u011fildi. Zirvede ba\u015fka \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar da at\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

Karbon ticareti ve Ulusal Katk\u0131 Beyanlar\u0131 (NDC) konusunda ne gibi de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yap\u0131ld\u0131?<\/h2>\n

K\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 sanayi devrimi \u00f6ncesi seviyelerin 1,5 derece \u00fczerinde tutmak (2015 Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hava olaylar\u0131n\u0131, deniz seviyelerindeki y\u00fckselmeyi ve biyolojik \u00e7e\u015fitlilik kayb\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamay\u0131 hedefleyen temel ilkesi) i\u00e7in d\u00fcnyan\u0131n, \u00e7e\u015fitli ara\u00e7lardan biri olarak, aktif ve i\u015fleyen bir karbon piyasas\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131 var. Bu do\u011frultuda COP29, uluslararas\u0131 karbon piyasas\u0131 anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 nihayet resmile\u015ftirdi; merkezi bir kredi mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 onaylayacak evrensel standartlar belirledi ve ikili karbon ticaretinin geli\u015fece\u011fi bir ekosistemin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7t\u0131[5]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Anla\u015fma, \u00fclkelerin karbon kredisi ticaretine nas\u0131l yetki verebilece\u011fini belirliyor ve kredilerin hareketlerini takip edecek kay\u0131t sisteminin detaylar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyor. Ayr\u0131ca \u00e7evresel b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck ve \u015feffafl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla d\u00fczenli teknik incelemeleri resmile\u015ftirerek karbon piyasas\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fini art\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Karbon piyasas\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmesiyle geli\u015fmekte olan ekonomilerin finansmana eri\u015fiminin<\/a> artmas\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de az geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerin iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine diren\u00e7li altyap\u0131lar geli\u015ftirmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131 bekleniyor.<\/p>\n

COP29\u2019da kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 \u00fclkeler ayr\u0131ca g\u00fcncellenmi\u015f Ulusal Katk\u0131 Beyanlar\u0131\u2019n\u0131 (NDC) da kamuoyuyla payla\u015ft\u0131. NDC\u2019ler, her \u00fclkenin kendi ko\u015fullar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u015fekillendirdi\u011fi, sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131n\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltma ve h\u0131zlanan iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine uyum sa\u011flama taahh\u00fctlerini yans\u0131t\u0131yor. Ula\u015ft\u0131rma ve enerji gibi yo\u011fun kirlili\u011fe yol a\u00e7an sekt\u00f6rlerde emisyonlar\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 hedefleyen NDC\u2019ler, ayn\u0131 zamanda ulusal iklim politikalar\u0131na y\u00f6n veriyor ve yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 te\u015fvik ediyor.<\/p>\n

A\u00e7\u0131klanan NDC\u2019ler aras\u0131nda Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k, yeni se\u00e7ilen Ba\u015fbakan Keir Starmer\u2019\u0131n 2035 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar fosil yak\u0131t kaynakl\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131 1990 seviyelerine k\u0131yasla %81 azaltma taahh\u00fcd\u00fcyle en iddial\u0131 hedeflerden birini ortaya koydu.[6]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Kas\u0131m 2026\u2019da Bel\u00e9m \u015fehrinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecek bir sonraki COP toplant\u0131s\u0131na ev sahipli\u011fi yapmaya haz\u0131rlanan Brezilya ise 2035 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 2005 y\u0131l\u0131 seviyelerine g\u00f6re %67 azaltaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu.[7]<\/sup><\/a> Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri ise ayn\u0131 tarihe kadar emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 2019 seviyelerine k\u0131yasla %47 azaltma taahh\u00fcd\u00fcnde bulundu.<\/p>\n

Konferans\u0131n ard\u0131ndan di\u011fer baz\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomiler de s\u00f6z verdikleri gibi, kendi g\u00fcncellenmi\u015f Ulusal Katk\u0131 Beyanlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131lar. ABD\u2019de Biden h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin son d\u00f6neminde yetkililer, 2035 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar emisyonlar\u0131 2005 seviyelerine k\u0131yasla %66 azaltmay\u0131 hedefleyen yeni bir plan duyurmu\u015ftu. Kanada da ayn\u0131 tarihe kadar emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 %45 ile %55 aras\u0131nda azaltmay\u0131 hedefledi\u011fini ilan etti. Japonya, 2035 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar emisyon azaltma hedefini 2013 y\u0131l\u0131 seviyelerine g\u00f6re %60 olarak g\u00fcncelledi. Bu yeni hedef, \u00fclkenin 2030 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in belirledi\u011fi ge\u00e7ici %46 hedefinden olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fck bir art\u0131\u015f anlam\u0131na geliyor. Brezilya\u2019da d\u00fczenlenecek COP30 zirvesine d\u00fcnya kamuoyunun ilgisi y\u00f6nelmeden \u00f6nce, di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin de bu \u00f6rnekleri takip ederek \u00e7ok daha iddial\u0131 NDC\u2019ler a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 bekleniyor.<\/p>\n

COP29\u2019da \u00fczerinde anla\u015f\u0131lan yeni finansman tutar\u0131 ne kadard\u0131?<\/h2>\n

COP, ses getiren \u00f6nemli anla\u015fmalar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra d\u00fczenleyici kurumlar, finans sekt\u00f6r\u00fc ve bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndan payda\u015flar\u0131n bir araya gelerek yeni kamu-\u00f6zel ortakl\u0131klar\u0131 kurmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in de bir f\u0131rsat yaratt\u0131.[8]<\/sup><\/a> Bu i\u015f birliklerinin en umut vadedenleri; yeni enerji depolama<\/a> kapasitesini hayata ge\u00e7irme, yeni nesil iklim teknolojilerinin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7ma ve geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 yeniden a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rma projelerini y\u00f6netme gibi kritik alanlarda rol oynayacak. Bunlar\u0131n tamam\u0131 yeni iklim paradigmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 verilen m\u00fccadelenin temel ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n

Asya Kalk\u0131nma Bankas\u0131, G\u00fcney Kafkasya ve Orta Asya b\u00f6lgelerinde buzul erimelerinin olumsuz etkilerini hafifletmek amac\u0131yla 3,5 milyar ABD dolar\u0131 tutar\u0131nda bir iklim adaptasyon program\u0131 ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu[9]<\/a>. Topluluklar\u0131n ve i\u015fletmelerin, eriyen buzullar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkilere uyum sa\u011flamas\u0131na destek olunacak, \u00f6zellikle s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir su y\u00f6netimi ve g\u0131da g\u00fcvenli\u011fi konusunda te\u015fvikler sa\u011flanacak.<\/p>\n

Yat\u0131r\u0131m \u015firketi Acumen; Afrika, Pakistan, Hindistan ve Latin Amerika\u2019daki tar\u0131msal uyum projelerini finanse etmek amac\u0131yla \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki be\u015f y\u0131l i\u00e7in 300 milyon ABD dolar\u0131 tutar\u0131nda bir fon taahh\u00fct etti[10]<\/a>. Program kapsam\u0131nda 40 milyon k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli \u00e7ift\u00e7iye ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bir milyardan fazla insan\u0131n g\u0131da ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 hedefleniyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130klim Yat\u0131r\u0131m Fonlar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (Climate Investment Funds, CIF), \u00e7evre projelerine y\u00fcksek oranda s\u00fcbvansiyonlu fonlar sa\u011flayarak \u00f6zel yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 te\u015fvik eden bir platform olarak COP29 zirvesinde Londra Borsas\u0131\u2019nda yeni bir listeleme duyurdu[11]<\/a>. Bu hamlenin, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki on y\u0131l i\u00e7inde iklim projeleri i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 75 milyar ABD dolar\u0131 tutar\u0131nda kaynak yaratmas\u0131 bekleniyor.<\/p>\n

Zirveye ev sahipli\u011fi yapan Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen finans y\u00f6neticilerini b\u00fcnyesinde bar\u0131nd\u0131ran Azerbaycan Bankalar Birli\u011fi ise \u00fclkenin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu ekonomiye ge\u00e7i\u015fini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in 1,2 milyar ABD dolar\u0131 tutar\u0131nda \u00f6zel bir fon ay\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Azerbaycan bankalar\u0131, ek fonlar\u0131 \u00e7ekebilmek amac\u0131yla di\u011fer \u00fclkelerdeki benzer kurulu\u015flarla i\u015f birli\u011fi yapacak ve ilerleyen d\u00f6nemde ye\u015fil tahvil ihrac\u0131na ba\u015flayacak[12]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Singapur Merkez Bankas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan 2003 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flat\u0131lan \u201cFinancing Asia\u2019s Transition Partnership (FAST-P)\u201d giri\u015fimi de COP29 zirvesinde \u00f6nemli bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131. Asya genelinde planlama a\u015famas\u0131nda olan \u00e7ok say\u0131da d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm projesini kapsayan 5 milyar ABD dolar\u0131 tutar\u0131nda bir yat\u0131r\u0131m fonu olu\u015fturma yolunda bir\u00e7ok yeni uluslararas\u0131 i\u015f birli\u011fine imza att\u0131[13]<\/a>. FAST-P\u2019nin End\u00fcstriyel D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm Altyap\u0131 Bor\u00e7 Program\u0131; AIA Group, Uluslararas\u0131 Finans Kurumu (IFC), Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, Nippon Export, BlackRock ve Investment Insurance gibi \u00f6nemli kurumlar\u0131n deste\u011fini kazand\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca FAST-P b\u00fcnyesindeki Green Investments Partnership, HSBC bankas\u0131 ile Singapur devlet yat\u0131r\u0131m \u015firketi Temasek\u2019in ortak giri\u015fimi olan Pentagreen Capital arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir altyap\u0131 projeleri i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 milyar ABD dolar\u0131 tutar\u0131nda finansman sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

Genel olarak COP29 zirvesi bir\u00e7ok kesimden \u00f6vg\u00fc toplad\u0131. BM \u0130klim De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi \u0130cra Direkt\u00f6r\u00fc Simon Stiell, yeni finans hedefini \u201cinsanl\u0131k i\u00e7in bir sigorta\u201d olarak nitelendirdi. Stiell ayr\u0131ca bu hedefin milyarlarca insan\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 koruyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerin \u201ccesur iklim eylemlerinin sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 muazzam faydalardan pay almas\u0131n\u0131\u201d sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek \u201cdaha fazla istihdam, daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme ve herkes i\u00e7in daha ucuz ve daha temiz enerji,\u201d ifadelerinde bulundu.[14]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Bu b\u00fcy\u00fck hedefler ne kadar takdire \u015fayan olsa da COP29 zirvesi, tarihin en s\u0131cak y\u0131l\u0131 ilan edilen bir d\u00f6nemde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. 2024 y\u0131l\u0131, k\u00fcresel ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 1850-1900 y\u0131llar\u0131 ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n 1,5 \u00b0C \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk y\u0131l oldu.[15]<\/sup><\/a> 2024 y\u0131l\u0131 boyunca d\u00fcnya genelinde seller, s\u0131cak hava dalgalar\u0131 ve kas\u0131rgalar dahil 150\u2019den fazla iklim felaketi<\/a> ya\u015fand\u0131. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 800.000 ki\u015fi iklim kaynakl\u0131 afetler nedeniyle yerinden oldu. Bu durum, kay\u0131tlar\u0131n tutulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten bu yana ula\u015f\u0131lan en y\u00fcksek say\u0131.[16]<\/sup><\/a> \u0130ran, Bat\u0131 Avustralya ve Mali\u2019de s\u0131cak hava dalgalar\u0131<\/a>, hava s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 50 dereceye yakla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Sel bask\u0131nlar\u0131<\/a> \u0130talya\u2019dan Senegal\u2019e, Pakistan\u2019dan Brezilya\u2019ya d\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131nda toplumlar\u0131 vurdu. Asya\u2019da tayfunlar \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve ABD\u2019nin Florida eyaletindeki Big Bend b\u00f6lgesinde kaydedilen en \u015fiddetli kas\u0131rga olan Helene Kas\u0131rgas\u0131 tarihe ge\u00e7ti. Do\u011fal afetlerin d\u00fcnya genelinde sigorta sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne verdi\u011fi zarar\u0131n y\u0131l sonuna kadar 135 milyar ABD dolar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015faca\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor.[17]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Bu tablo kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda baz\u0131 \u00e7evreler, k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmaya kar\u015f\u0131 verilen varolu\u015fsal m\u00fccadelede oyunun kurallar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirecek t\u00fcrden taahh\u00fctleri g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alma konusunda COP29\u2019un neden daha ileri gidemedi\u011fini sorgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

K\u00fcresel iklim hedefleri h\u00e2l\u00e2 do\u011fru yolda m\u0131?<\/h2>\n

COP29\u2019un say\u0131s\u0131z ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirirken, \u00f6nce man\u015fetlere ta\u015f\u0131nan rakama tekrar bakal\u0131m. Daha varl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00fclkeler, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fiyle m\u00fccadeleyi finanse etmek i\u00e7in 2035 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren her y\u0131l en az 300 milyar ABD dolar\u0131 sa\u011flamay\u0131 taahh\u00fct etti.<\/p>\n

Sorunun b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu miktar baz\u0131 \u00e7evrelerde \u201cyetersiz\u201d bulunarak ele\u015ftirildi ve \u201chepimizin kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fu devasa zorlu\u011fun boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaktan uzak\u201d olarak nitelendirildi.[18]<\/sup><\/a> Ger\u00e7ekte ise Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Ticaret ve Kalk\u0131nma Konferans\u0131 (UNCTAD<\/a>), yoksul \u00fclkelerin k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmaya haz\u0131rlanmalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in 2030\u2019lu y\u0131llar\u0131n ortalar\u0131na do\u011fru her y\u0131l yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,5 trilyon ABD dolar\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulad\u0131.[19]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Bu do\u011frultuda at\u0131lan bir ad\u0131m olarak COP29\u2019da, \u201cBak\u00fc\u2019den Bel\u00e9m\u2019e 1,3 Trilyon ABD Dolar\u0131 Tutar\u0131nda Yol Haritas\u0131\u201d<\/a> giri\u015fimi kabul edildi[20]<\/a>. Ticaret ve yat\u0131r\u0131m politikalar\u0131n\u0131 iklim planlar\u0131yla b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015ftiren ve politika tutarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemini vurgulayan \u201cBak\u00fc\u2019den Bel\u00e9m\u2019e Yol Haritas\u0131\u201d, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki kritik y\u0131llarda \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck finansal taahh\u00fctlerin sa\u011flanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir yol g\u00f6sterici niteli\u011finde. Unutmayal\u0131m ki y\u00fckselen s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131na alman\u0131n en etkili yollar\u0131ndan biri, geli\u015fmekte olan ekonomilerin emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmakt\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc son on y\u0131ldaki toplam emisyonlar\u0131n d\u00f6rtte \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc bu ekonomilerden kaynaklan\u0131yor.[21]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Benzer \u015fekilde, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine uyum sa\u011flamakta g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck \u00e7eken toplumlar\u0131 desteklemek amac\u0131yla olu\u015fturulan 700 milyon ABD dolar\u0131 tutar\u0131nda Kay\u0131p ve Hasar Fonu\u2019nun ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 olumlu kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f olsa da bu rakam\u0131n ger\u00e7ek anlamda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sunmak i\u00e7in gereken yakla\u015f\u0131k 150 milyar ABD dolar\u0131 tutar\u0131nda ihtiyac\u0131n olduk\u00e7a alt\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurguland\u0131.<\/p>\n

Paris Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 imzalayan 195 \u00fclkeden yaln\u0131zca 13\u2019\u00fc, yeni NDC\u2019leri \u015eubat 2025 son tarihine kadar sundu. Bu durum, Brezilya\u2019da d\u00fczenlenecek COP30<\/a> zirvesine sadece dokuz ay kala, iklim krizine kar\u015f\u0131 gereken aciliyet duygusunun ne yaz\u0131k ki halen olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.[22]<\/sup><\/a> G7 \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca ABD ve Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k planlar\u0131n\u0131 zaman\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Geri kalan \u00fclkelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun yeni NDC\u2019lerini en ge\u00e7 Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131na kadar sunmalar\u0131 bekleniyor. Ancak burada \u00f6nemli bir uyar\u0131da bulunmak gerekiyor. Bir \u00fclkenin NDC\u2019yi a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131klanan hedeflerin yeterli oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmiyor. \u015eimdiye kadar a\u00e7\u0131klanan NDC\u2019leri inceleyen Climate Action Tracker ara\u015ft\u0131rma grubu; ABD, Brezilya, \u0130svi\u00e7re ve Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri\u2019nin sundu\u011fu hedeflerin k\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlama hedefleriyle uyu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koydu.[23]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

COP29\u2019da karbon piyasalar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde kaydedilen ilerleme takdire \u015fayan. Ancak karbon kredilerinin k\u00fcresel \u00e7apta g\u00fcvenilir ve anlaml\u0131 birer finansal ara\u00e7 haline gelebilmesi i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve \u015feffaf standartlar\u0131n olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 konusunda h\u00e2l\u00e2 yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken \u00e7ok i\u015f var. Geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkeler, bu pazarlarda rekabet edebilmek ve sa\u011flanan faydalardan pay alabilmek i\u00e7in modern finansal ve teknolojik ara\u00e7lara eri\u015fimin \u00f6nemini vurgulad\u0131.[24]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Zaman aleyhimize i\u015fliyor. COP29 zirvesinden yaln\u0131zca birka\u00e7 hafta \u00f6nce yay\u0131mlanan Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler \u00c7evre Program\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 2024 Emisyon A\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 Raporu[25]<\/a>, 1,5 derece hedefinin canl\u0131 tutulabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00fclkelerin NDC\u2019leri radikal bi\u00e7imde g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeleri gerekti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koydu. Raporda, emisyonlar\u0131n 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar %42, 2035 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar ise %57 azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunuldu. Ne var ki \u00fclkelerin nihai NDC de\u011ferlendirmelerinin bu hedeflere ula\u015f\u0131p ula\u015famayaca\u011f\u0131 hen\u00fcz belirsizli\u011fini koruyor. Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bedeli a\u011f\u0131r olacak. K\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131klar 21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda 2,6 ila 3,1 derece artacak ve bu durum beraberinde b\u00fcy\u00fck toplumsal kaoslar\u0131 getirecek.<\/p>\n

Belki de COP29\u2019da geni\u015f\u00e7e tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan teknoloji, bu imkans\u0131z g\u00f6r\u00fcnen denklemi \u00e7\u00f6zmenin yollar\u0131n\u0131 bize sunabilir.<\/p>\n

\u0130klim krizine kar\u015f\u0131 verilen m\u00fccadelede \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r nas\u0131l bir rol \u00fcstleniyor?<\/h2>\n

COP29 kapsam\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc End\u00fcstri Teknoloji G\u00fcn\u00fc\u2019nde yenilik\u00e7iler, yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar ve politika yap\u0131c\u0131lar bir araya gelerek k\u00fcresel iklim krizine y\u00f6nelik teknik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler \u00fczerine bilgi payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131nda bulundu. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler \u00f6zellikle in\u015faat<\/a> ve kimya<\/a> gibi emisyonlar\u0131 azaltman\u0131n zor oldu\u011fu sekt\u00f6rlere odakland\u0131. Ye\u015fil hidrojen<\/a> teknolojilerindeki geli\u015fmeler ile karbon yakalama<\/a>, kullan\u0131m ve depolama (CCUS) y\u00f6ntemlerindeki yenilikler \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n

COP29 Ye\u015fil Dijital Eylem Bildirgesi<\/a>, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda 1.000\u2019den fazla devlet, \u015firket, STK ve di\u011fer payda\u015flar taraf\u0131ndan desteklendi. Bildirge; iklim izleme, erken uyar\u0131 sistemleri ve tar\u0131msal adaptasyon alanlar\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler \u00fcretmek amac\u0131yla yapay zeka<\/a>, fintech<\/a> ve b\u00fcy\u00fck veri gibi teknolojilerin sundu\u011fu imkanlardan yararlanma \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

COP29 Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Mukhtar Babayev, a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f konu\u015fmas\u0131nda<\/a> hi\u00e7bir toplumun geride kalmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in dinamik ve etkili bir uluslararas\u0131 teknoloji transferi sisteminin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etti[26]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

COP29 Eylem G\u00fcndemi\u2019nde, k\u00fcresel enerji depolama<\/a> kapasitesinin bu on y\u0131l\u0131n sonuna kadar 2022 y\u0131l\u0131 seviyesinin alt\u0131 kat\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde kritik bir taahh\u00fct bulunuyor. Bu hedefe ula\u015fmada teknolojinin rol\u00fc \u015f\u00fcphesiz \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck olacak.[27]<\/sup><\/a> Bu yolculukta \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r oyuncular\u0131, belirleyici bir rol \u00fcstlenecek.<\/p>\n

Abdul Latif Jameel<\/a>\u2019in, \u00f6zellikle Enerji ve \u00c7evre Hizmetleri<\/a> \u015firketlerimizin, yenilenebilir enerji ve enerji depolama alan\u0131nda yenilik\u00e7i \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler sunan \u00f6nc\u00fc kurulu\u015flar aras\u0131nda yer almas\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck memnuniyet duyuyorum. Grubun ye\u015fil enerji alan\u0131ndaki \u00f6nc\u00fc kurulu\u015fu Fotowatio Renewable Ventures (FRV<\/a>) Latin Amerika<\/a>, Avrupa<\/a>, Orta Do\u011fu<\/a> ve Avustralya<\/a>\u2019n\u0131n da dahil oldu\u011fu pek \u00e7ok b\u00f6lgede r\u00fczgar ve g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi projelerine yat\u0131r\u0131m yaparak d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda temiz enerji \u00fcretimine katk\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor. FRV\u2019nin inovasyon birimi FRV-X<\/a> ise d\u00fcnya genelinde b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli batarya enerji depolama sistemlerinde (BESS) \u00f6nc\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcyor. FRV, d\u00f6rt k\u0131tada 50\u2019den fazla tesisiyle toplam 5 GW enerji kapasitesine ula\u015ft\u0131 ve bu projelerin finansman de\u011feri 5 milyar ABD dolar\u0131n\u0131va\u015f\u0131yor.[28]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n

Daha zorlu bir gelece\u011fe haz\u0131rlanan Almar Water Solutions<\/a> ise Orta Do\u011fu<\/a>, Latin Amerika<\/a>, Afrika<\/a>, Avustralya<\/a> ve Asya-Pasifik<\/a> b\u00f6lgelerini kapsayan k\u00fcresel bir faaliyet a\u011f\u0131na sahip. At\u0131k suyun yeniden kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve deniz suyunun tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi teknolojilere odaklanarak su altyap\u0131s\u0131 projeleri geli\u015ftiriyor ve y\u00f6netiyor. Yeni giri\u015fimler b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise yenilik\u00e7i yakla\u015f\u0131mlarla \u00e7evresel ve toplumsal a\u00e7\u0131dan olumlu etki yaratan projelere odaklan\u0131yor. \u015eu anda odaklan\u0131lan alanlar aras\u0131nda at\u0131ktan enerjiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, ye\u015fil hidrojen ve mineral geri kazan\u0131m\u0131 bulunuyor.<\/p>\n

Hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n her y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc kontrol edebilmeyi ne kadar \u00e7ok istesek de ger\u00e7ek \u015fu ki bunu ba\u015faram\u0131yoruz. COP29 gibi uluslararas\u0131 zirveler, gelecekteki k\u00fcresel krizlere kar\u015f\u0131 s\u00f6z sahibi olabilmemiz i\u00e7in nadir f\u0131rsatlar sunuyor. Bu etkinlikler, d\u00fcnya genelinde iklim bilincini art\u0131rarak ve ileri g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc politikalar benimseyerek k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nma konusunda somut ilerlemeler kaydedebilece\u011fimizi g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n

COP29, iklim uyumunu finanse edecek b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7apl\u0131 fonlar\u0131n hemen sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 bekleyen baz\u0131 kesimler i\u00e7in beklentilerin alt\u0131nda kalm\u0131\u015f olabilir. Ancak cesur finansman giri\u015fimleri, rekabet\u00e7i karbon piyasalar\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmi\u015f NDC\u2019ler gibi ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00fcndeme ta\u015f\u0131yarak, bu y\u0131l sonunda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecek COP30\u2019da daha d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 bekleyenlere umut \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 sundu.<\/p>\n

COP29 hakk\u0131nda be\u015f pratik bilgi<\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. COP29\u2019da \u00fczerinde uzla\u015f\u0131lan en \u00f6nemli finansal taahh\u00fct neydi?<\/strong>
    \nGeli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in 300 milyar ABD dolar\u0131 tutar\u0131nda yeni bir iklim finansman\u0131 fonu \u00fczerinde anla\u015fmaya var\u0131ld\u0131. 2035 y\u0131l\u0131ndan itibaren y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00f6demeler ba\u015flayacak ve bu rakam, mevcut y\u0131ll\u0131k 100 milyar ABD dolar\u0131 tutar\u0131ndaki fonun \u00e7ok \u00fczerinde.<\/li>\n
  2. BM, 2030\u2019lar\u0131n ortalar\u0131na gelindi\u011finde y\u0131lda ne kadar finansmana ihtiya\u00e7 duyulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin ediyor?<\/strong>
    \nBirle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler Ticaret ve Kalk\u0131nma Konferans\u0131 (UNCTAD), yoksul \u00fclkelerin k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmaya haz\u0131rlanmalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in 2030\u2019lu y\u0131llar\u0131n ortalar\u0131na do\u011fru her y\u0131l yakla\u015f\u0131k 1,5 trilyon ABD dolar\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vurgulad\u0131.<\/li>\n
  3. 2024\u2019te hangi \u00f6nemli iklim e\u015fi\u011fi a\u015f\u0131ld\u0131?<\/strong>
    \n2024, k\u00fcresel ortalama s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 1850-1900 ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n 1,5 \u00b0C \u00fczerinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi ilk y\u0131l oldu ve kay\u0131tlardaki en s\u0131cak y\u0131l olarak tarihe ge\u00e7ti.<\/li>\n
  4. Ka\u00e7 \u00fclke BM\u2019nin yeni iklim taahh\u00fctlerini (NDC) sunmak i\u00e7in belirledi\u011fi son tarihe uydu?<\/strong>
    \nParis Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 imzalayan 195 \u00fclkeden yaln\u0131zca 13\u2019\u00fc, \u015eubat 2025 tarihine kadar yeni Ulusal Katk\u0131 Beyanlar\u0131n\u0131 (NDC) sundu.<\/li>\n
  5. COP29\u2019da karbon piyasalar\u0131yla ilgili hangi \u00f6nemli geli\u015fme sa\u011fland\u0131?<\/strong>
    \nCOP29\u2019da uluslararas\u0131 karbon piyasas\u0131 anla\u015fmas\u0131 nihayet resmile\u015fti. Merkezi bir karbon kredilendirme mekanizmas\u0131 i\u00e7in evrensel standartlar belirlendi ve \u00fclkeler aras\u0131 karbon ticaretinin \u00f6n\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

    [1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/science-environment-35073297<\/a><\/p>\n

    [2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/articles\/cp35rrvv2dpo<\/a><\/p>\n

    [3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/news\/press-release\/2024\/11\/12\/multilateral-development-banks-to-boost-climate-finance<\/a><\/p>\n

    [4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/live\/c8jykpdgr08t?page=2<\/a><\/p>\n

    [5]<\/a> https:\/\/unfccc.int\/news\/cop29-un-climate-conference-agrees-to-triple-finance-to-developing-countries-protecting-lives-and<\/a><\/p>\n

    [6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/speeches\/prime-ministers-national-statement-at-cop29-12-november-2024<\/a><\/p>\n

    [7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/stories\/2025\/02\/cop29-ndcs-and-why-they-matter\/<\/a><\/p>\n

    [8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/sustainability\/sustainable-finance-reporting\/finance-business-deals-announced-cop29-climate-talks-2024-11-13<\/a><\/p>\n

    [9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.adb.org\/news\/adb-launches-major-initiative-build-resilience-melting-glaciers<\/a><\/p>\n

    [10]<\/a> https:\/\/acumen.org\/news\/acumen-announces-300m-agricultural-adaptation-commitment\/<\/a><\/p>\n

    [11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.cif.org\/news\/CCMMlisting<\/a><\/p>\n

    [12]<\/a> https:\/\/news.az\/news\/azerbaijan-pledges-12b-for-green-projects-to-accelerate-low-carbon-transition<\/a><\/p>\n

    [13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mas.gov.sg\/news\/media-releases\/2024\/singapore-commits-us$500-million-in-matching-concessional-funding-to-support-decarbonisation-in-asia<\/a><\/p>\n

    [14]<\/a> https:\/\/unfccc.int\/cop29<\/a><\/p>\n

    [15]<\/a> https:\/\/wmo.int\/news\/media-centre\/wmo-confirms-2024-warmest-year-record-about-155degc-above-pre-industrial-level<\/a><\/p>\n

    [16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2025\/mar\/19\/unprecedented-climate-disasters-extreme-weather-un-report<\/a><\/p>\n

    [17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/capabilities\/sustainability\/our-insights\/reflections-post-cop29-the-landscape-has-shifted-are-you-adapting-fast-enough<\/a><\/p>\n

    [18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/articles\/cp35rrvv2dpo<\/a><\/p>\n

    [19]<\/a> https:\/\/unctad.org\/news\/countries-agree-300-billion-2035-new-climate-finance-goal-what-next<\/a><\/p>\n

    [20]<\/a> https:\/\/unfccc.int\/topics\/climate-finance\/workstreams\/baku-to-belem-roadmap-to-13t<\/a><\/p>\n

    [21]<\/a> https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/articles\/cp35rrvv2dpo<\/a><\/p>\n

    [22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/analysis-95-of-countries-miss-un-deadline-to-submit-2035-climate-pledges\/<\/a><\/p>\n

    [23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.carbonbrief.org\/analysis-95-of-countries-miss-un-deadline-to-submit-2035-climate-pledges\/<\/a><\/p>\n

    [24]<\/a> https:\/\/unctad.org\/news\/key-takeaways-cop29-and-road-ahead-developing-countries<\/a><\/p>\n

    [25]<\/a> https:\/\/www.unep.org\/resources\/emissions-gap-report-2024<\/a><\/p>\n

    [26]<\/a> https:\/\/cop29.az\/en\/media-hub\/news\/cop29-presidency-outlines-plan-to-enhance-ambition-and-enable-action-in-azerbaijan<\/a><\/p>\n

    [27]<\/a> https:\/\/cop29.az\/en\/pages\/cop29-breakthroughs-in-baku<\/a><\/p>\n

    [28]<\/a> https:\/\/frv.com\/en\/<\/a><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":122853,"template":"","tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCOP29 ve \u0130klim Eyleminin Gelece\u011fi | Abdul Latif Jameel\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"COP29 zirvesinde fonlama, emisyonlar, karbon ticareti ve bunlar\u0131n gelecekte k\u00fcresel iklim eylemini nas\u0131l \u015fekillendirece\u011fi hakk\u0131nda al\u0131nan \u00f6nemli kararlar. 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