Ancak \u00e7eli\u011fin hayat\u0131m\u0131za katt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z faydalar, \u00e7evreye zarar veren \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemleriyle birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmek zorunda. \u00c7eli\u011fin k\u00fcresel ekonominin belkemi\u011fi olmas\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda yatan temel bir neden var ki o da g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde neredeyse rakipsiz olmas\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00fcnya Ekonomik Forumu\u2019nda (WEF) da [3]<\/sup><\/a>belirtildi\u011fi gibi \u201c\u00c7elik i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilir bir alternatif hen\u00fcz yok.\u201d<\/p>\n Ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bir se\u00e7enek bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm ayn\u0131 malzemeyi daha verimli \u00fcretmenin yollar\u0131n\u0131 bulmak. Karbon n\u00f6tr bir d\u00fcnyaya zarar vermek yerine katk\u0131 sa\u011flayabilecek, daha s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemleri gerekiyor.<\/p>\n \u00c7elik \u00fcretimi k\u00fcresel bir faaliyet oldu\u011fundan, daha \u00e7evreci y\u00f6ntemlere ge\u00e7i\u015f olduk\u00e7a karma\u015f\u0131k bir s\u00fcre\u00e7. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00fcretim giderek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetli b\u00f6lgelerde, \u00f6zellikle de d\u00fcnya \u00e7elik \u00fcretiminin %70\u2019inden fazlas\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren Asya\u2019da yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131yor.[4]<\/sup><\/a> 2024 y\u0131l\u0131nda toplamda 1,8 milyar tondan fazla \u00e7elik \u00fcretildi ve \u00c7in, d\u00fcnya \u00fcretiminin %50\u2019sinden fazlas\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirerek[5]<\/sup><\/a> a\u00e7\u0131k ara lider konumda.<\/p>\n Beklenebilece\u011fi gibi, bu rakamlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeye y\u00f6nelik s\u0131k\u0131 karbon azalt\u0131m hedefleri bulunuyor. IEA, k\u00fcresel enerji ve iklim hedeflerine ula\u015f\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in \u00e7elik \u00fcretiminden kaynaklanan karbon emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n 2050\u2019ye kadar en az yar\u0131 yar\u0131ya azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi uyar\u0131s\u0131nda bulunuyor.[6]<\/sup><\/a> Demir-\u00e7elik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde karbon emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmaya y\u00f6nelik \u00e7abalar\u0131n, \u201c2050\u2019ye Kadar Net S\u0131f\u0131r Emisyon\u201d senaryosuyla uyumlu hale gelebilmesi i\u00e7in ciddi \u015fekilde h\u0131z kazanmas\u0131 gerekiyor.[7]<\/sup><\/a> Bu hi\u00e7 de kolay bir hedef de\u011fil. McKinsey uzmanlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, \u00e7elik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde \u201cbug\u00fcne kadarki en b\u00fcy\u00fck varl\u0131k d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi\u201d \u015fart.[8]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn ucuz olmayaca\u011f\u0131 da bir ger\u00e7ek. Deloitte\u2019un haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir rapora g\u00f6re[9]<\/sup><\/a>, \u00e7elik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn karbon ayak izini azaltmak i\u00e7in 2050 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar yakla\u015f\u0131k 800 milyar dolarl\u0131k bir yat\u0131r\u0131ma ihtiya\u00e7 var.<\/p>\n Neyse ki hem kamu hem de \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r bu acil ve maliyetli sorunla m\u00fccadele etmek i\u00e7in i\u015f birli\u011fi yapma konusunda kararl\u0131.<\/p>\n \u00c7evresel etkisi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00e7elik \u00fcretiminin mevcut durumu pek i\u00e7 a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fil. K\u00fcresel karbondioksit emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %8\u2019i bu \u00e7elik \u00fcretiminden kaynaklan\u0131yor. Bu da onu a\u011f\u0131r sanayiler aras\u0131nda en y\u00fcksek paya sahip sekt\u00f6r yap\u0131yor.[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n Bu tablo, karbon emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltma hedefini son derece zorlu hale getiriyor. \u0130yi haber \u015fu ki \u00e7elik \u00fcretimini daha \u00e7evreci bir gelece\u011fe ta\u015f\u0131mak i\u00e7in y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen inovasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 hem \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli hem de derinlikli. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar aras\u0131nda daha az fosil yak\u0131t kullanan son teknoloji elektrikli ark ocaklar\u0131 ve karbon sal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak amac\u0131yla ye\u015fil hidrojenle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan f\u0131r\u0131nlar yer al\u0131yor. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu demir \u00fcretimi \u00fczerine yenilik yapan \u015firketler oldu\u011fu gibi, \u00e7elik de\u011fer zincirini daha verimli ve daha az karbonlu hale getiren ye\u015fil \u00e7elik merkezleri fikrini benimseyenler de var. Nitekim WEF, \u00e7eli\u011fi \u201ckarbonsuzla\u015fma \u00e7abalar\u0131na \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck edebilecek en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc adaylardan biri\u201d olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyor.[11]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n IEA, Demir ve \u00c7elik Teknoloji Yol Haritas\u0131\u2019nda[12]<\/sup><\/a> farkl\u0131 teknolojilerin kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 aras\u0131nda nas\u0131l en do\u011fru denge kurulabilece\u011fini ele al\u0131yor. Bu hedefe ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in hem \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn hem de kamu kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n sorumluluk almas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurguluyor. Devletlerin \u00e7evre dostu \u00e7elik \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in hedefler belirlemesi ve bu hedefleri desteklemesi, \u00fcreticilerin ise bu hedeflere ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in gerekli teknolojilere yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmas\u0131 \u015fart.<\/p>\n \u015eu ana kadar bu alandaki ivmenin do\u011fru y\u00f6nde ilerledi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin Ekonomik Kalk\u0131nma ve \u0130\u015f Birli\u011fi \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (OECD<\/a>), \u00e7elik \u00fcretim kapasitesinin %90\u2019\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131n net s\u0131f\u0131r karbon hedefi belirlemi\u015f \u00fclkelerde bulundu\u011funa dikkat \u00e7ekiyor.[13]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n \u00c7elik \u00fcreticileri de bu hedeflerle uyumlu stratejiler geli\u015ftirme konusunda istekli ve bir\u00e7o\u011fu kendi karbonsuzla\u015fma hedeflerini belirlemi\u015f durumda. OECD\u2019nin \u00f6nde gelen \u00e7elik \u00fcreticileriyle ilgili analizine g\u00f6re \u015firketlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu (%88) karbonsuzla\u015fma hedefi koymu\u015f, \u00f6rneklemdeki firmalar\u0131n %65\u2019i ise net s\u0131f\u0131r hedefi belirlemi\u015f.[14]<\/sup><\/a> Ne var ki bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 o kadar da p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz i\u015flemiyor. OECD taraf\u0131ndan incelenen \u015firketlerin \u00e7o\u011fu 2050 sonras\u0131 hedefler belirlemi\u015f durumda. Yaln\u0131zca iki \u015firket bu d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131ndan \u00f6nceye y\u00f6nelik daha iddial\u0131 hedefler koymu\u015f.<\/p>\n WEF\u2019de de belirtildi\u011fi gibi, \u00e7elik sekt\u00f6r\u00fc teknolojik a\u00e7\u0131dan olduk\u00e7a geli\u015fmi\u015f bir alan olmas\u0131 nedeniyle karbon azalt\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in odaklan\u0131lmas\u0131 mant\u0131kl\u0131 bir tercih. Modern elektrikli ark ocaklar\u0131, geleneksel y\u00fcksek f\u0131r\u0131nlara g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha az fosil yak\u0131t t\u00fcketiyor ve halihaz\u0131rda geleneksel \u00e7eli\u011fin yakla\u015f\u0131k %29\u2019unu \u00fcretiyor.[15]<\/sup><\/a> McKinsey\u2019in ye\u015fil \u00e7elik raporunda da vurguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, bu ocaklar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in gereken elektrik maliyeti, \u00e7elik \u00fcreticilerinin rekabet g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc do\u011frudan etkileyen \u00f6nemli bir fakt\u00f6r.[16]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n Ancak yaln\u0131zca daha fazla elektrikli ark oca\u011f\u0131 kurmak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm de\u011fil; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu ocaklar\u0131n kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 enerjinin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 h\u00e2l\u00e2 fosil yak\u0131tlardan sa\u011flan\u0131yor. Ger\u00e7ek bir fark yaratmak istiyorsak demiri \u00e7eli\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren o eski \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131n yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na benzer bir zihniyetle \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemlerinde k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm gerekiyor.<\/p>\n En umut verici teknolojilerden biri, fosil yak\u0131tlar yerine hidrojen kullanmak. Bu sayede karbon sal\u0131m\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda azal\u0131yor.[17]<\/sup><\/a> Ancak burada kritik olan, \u201cdo\u011fru\u201d t\u00fcrde hidrojenin<\/a> kullan\u0131lmas\u0131. Mavi hidrojen, do\u011fal gazdan \u00fcretilir. Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan CO2<\/sub> ise yer alt\u0131 depolama alanlar\u0131na pompalan\u0131r ya da CCUS<\/a> teknolojileriyle yakalan\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, ye\u015fil hidrojen \u00fcretiminde ye\u015fil elektrik ve su kullan\u0131l\u0131r, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00e7ok az ya da hi\u00e7 karbon sal\u0131m\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmez. Gri hidrojen ise genellikle fosil yak\u0131tlarla enerji \u00fcretilerek elde edilir; bu nedenle karbon ayak izi \u00e7ok daha y\u00fcksektir.<\/p>\n \u015eu ana kadar kaydedilen ilerleme umut verici. \u00d6rne\u011fin BAE\u2019de, ulusal yenilenebilir enerji \u015firketi Masdar ve EMSTEEL, b\u00f6lgede ye\u015fil hidrojen kullanarak ye\u015fil \u00e7elik \u00fcretiminin denendi\u011fi ilk pilot projeyi ba\u015far\u0131yla tamamlad\u0131. Tesis, cevherden demir \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in yenilenebilir enerjiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan elektroliz yoluyla \u00fcretilmi\u015f hidrojen kullan\u0131yor; bu sayede do\u011frudan indirgeme s\u00fcrecinde do\u011fal gaz\u0131n yerini al\u0131yor. Proje tamamen faaliyete ge\u00e7mi\u015f durumda ve uluslararas\u0131 standartlara g\u00f6re sertifikaland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. \u00c7elik \u00fcretiminden kaynaklanan CO\u2082 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 %95\u2019e kadar azaltma potansiyeline sahip.[18]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n Benzer bir proje de \u0130sve\u00e7\u2019in kuzeyindeki Boden kentinde hayata ge\u00e7iriliyor ve Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli ye\u015fil \u00e7elik tesisi olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini ta\u015f\u0131yor. H2 Green Steel tesisi, cevher indirgeme s\u00fcrecinde k\u00f6m\u00fcr yerine, hidroenerji ve r\u00fczgar enerjisiyle yerinde \u00fcretilen ye\u015fil hidrojeni kullan\u0131yor. Bu y\u00f6ntem yaln\u0131zca su buhar\u0131 sal\u0131yor ve geleneksel y\u00fcksek f\u0131r\u0131n y\u00f6ntemlerine k\u0131yasla karbon emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 %95\u2019e kadar azalt\u0131yor. Tesisin hedefi, 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar y\u0131lda be\u015f milyon ton ye\u015fil \u00e7elik \u00fcretmek. H2 Green Steel, \u0130spanya\u2019da g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir tesis gibi projeleri, enerji \u015firketleriyle ortakl\u0131k i\u00e7inde geli\u015ftiriyor.[19]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n Kullan\u0131lan bir di\u011fer y\u00f6ntem ise \u00e7elik \u00fcretiminin karbon ayak izini azaltmak i\u00e7in karbon yakalama teknolojisinden faydalanmak. Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019nde U.S. Steel, Indiana\u2019daki Gary Works tesisinde Kuzey Amerika\u2019n\u0131n ticari \u00f6l\u00e7ekteki ilk karbon yakalama ve yeniden kullan\u0131m tesisini in\u015fa etmek \u00fczere CarbonFree ile i\u015f birli\u011fi yapt\u0131. SkyCycle teknolojisi, y\u0131lda 50.000 metrik tona kadar CO\u2082\u2019yi yakalayarak bu emisyonlar\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli sekt\u00f6rlerde kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere kalsiyum karbonata d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrecek. 2026 itibar\u0131yla faaliyete ge\u00e7mesi planlanan bu proje, karbon yakalama teknolojisinin geleneksel \u00e7elik \u00fcretimine entegre edilmesinde \u00f6nc\u00fc bir ad\u0131m niteli\u011finde ve di\u011fer tesislere de \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilir potansiyelde.[20]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n Elbette \u00e7elik \u00fcretimi, \u00f6nce demir \u00fcretmeden m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Ancak \u00e7elik \u00fcretimi gibi, demir \u00fcretimi de yo\u011fun enerji gerektiriyor ve s\u00fcre\u00e7te fosil yak\u0131tlar\u0131n bask\u0131n olmas\u0131 nedeniyle y\u00fcksek oranda karbon sal\u0131m\u0131 s\u00f6z konusu. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla karbon sal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltmaya y\u00f6nelik giri\u015fimler, demir \u00fcretiminde daha \u00e7evreci teknolojilere odaklan\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin ABD\u2019deki Worcester Politeknik Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc, \u00e7elik \u00fcretiminde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu elektrolizlenmi\u015f demir tozu kullanarak enerji t\u00fcketimini ve sera gaz\u0131 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azaltacak bir y\u00f6ntem \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.[21]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n Bir ba\u015fka \u00f6rnekte ise \u0130svi\u00e7re merkezli madencilik ve emtia \u015firketi Ferrexpo, sanayiye tedarik etti\u011fi demir cevheri peletlerinin, geleneksel demir cevheri tozu yerine kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ton ba\u015f\u0131na karbon emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 %40 oran\u0131nda azaltabilece\u011fini \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyor.[22]<\/sup><\/a> Bir di\u011fer madencilik \u015firketi olan Rio Tinto, demir cevherini demire d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in k\u00f6m\u00fcr yerine ham biyok\u00fctle ve mikrodalga enerjisi kullan\u0131yor. \u015eirket, bu y\u00f6ntemin mevcut y\u00fcksek f\u0131r\u0131n y\u00f6ntemine k\u0131yasla CO2<\/sub> emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 %95\u2019e kadar azaltma potansiyeli ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor.[23]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n Giderek daha fazla ilgi g\u00f6ren bir di\u011fer alan da \u201cye\u015fil \u00e7elik merkezleri\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan bir konsept. McKinsey taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan bir rapora g\u00f6re[24]<\/sup><\/a> ye\u015fil \u00e7elik merkezi; yenilenebilir enerji, ye\u015fil hidrojen ve do\u011frudan indirgenmi\u015f demir (DRI) ile elektrikli ark ocaklar\u0131 gibi yenilik\u00e7i teknolojileri entegre ederek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu \u00e7elik \u00fcretimine odaklanan, stratejik konumda yer alan sanayi k\u00fcmelenmeleri veya tesisleridir. Bu merkezler, bilin\u00e7li olarak, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetli yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n (g\u00fcne\u015f, r\u00fczgar veya hidroenerji gibi), y\u00fcksek kaliteli demir cevheri gibi uygun ham maddelerin ve geli\u015fmi\u015f, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck emisyonlu \u00e7elik \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini destekleyen altyap\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde kuruluyor.<\/p>\n Geleneksel \u00e7elik fabrikalar\u0131n\u0131n aksine ye\u015fil \u00e7elik merkezleri, karbon sal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azaltan ya da tamamen ortadan kald\u0131ran \u00fcretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine odaklan\u0131yor. Bu genellikle \u015fu yollarla sa\u011flan\u0131yor:<\/p>\n Ancak olumsuz taraf\u0131 \u015fu ki uzmanlara g\u00f6re bu t\u00fcr merkezlerin kurulumu y\u00fcksek maliyetli olacak ve madencilik \u015firketleri, enerji sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131, lojistik firmalar\u0131, yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar ve kamu kurumlar\u0131 gibi bir\u00e7ok payda\u015f\u0131n i\u015f birli\u011fini gerektirecek.<\/p>\n \u00c7eli\u011fin karbon sal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131nda devletler nas\u0131l bir rol oynayabilir?<\/strong><\/p>\n Devletlerin \u00f6zellikle politikalar ve d\u00fczenlemeler yoluyla \u00e7elik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc y\u00f6nlendirme konusunda b\u00fcy\u00fck sorumluluklar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Nitekim D\u00fcnya \u00c7elik Birli\u011fi, kamu kurumlar\u0131 ile \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r aras\u0131ndaki i\u015f birliklerini \u201cs\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir gelecek i\u00e7in temel\u201d olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yor.[25]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n D\u00fcnya \u00c7elik Birli\u011fi\u2019ne g\u00f6re devletlerin atmas\u0131 gereken ba\u015fl\u0131ca ad\u0131mlar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n Ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve teknoloji dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 firmas\u0131 Acuity Knowledge Partners\u2019\u0131n analizine g\u00f6re, devletler karbon sal\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltma \u00e7abalar\u0131na destek olmak i\u00e7in fon ay\u0131rarak \u00e7elik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne giderek daha fazla katk\u0131 sunuyor[26]<\/sup><\/a> (grafi\u011fe g\u00f6z at\u0131n).<\/p>\n \u00d6rne\u011fin Avrupa Komisyonu, enerji maliyetlerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeye ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu \u00fcr\u00fcnler i\u00e7in pazarlar olu\u015fturmaya odaklanan \u201ctemiz \u00e7elik\u201d projelerine finansman sa\u011fl\u0131yor.[27]<\/sup><\/a> Japonya\u2019da ise devletin Ye\u015fil \u0130novasyon Fonu, demir-\u00e7elik \u00fcretiminde hidrojen kullan\u0131m\u0131na milyarlarca yen aktar\u0131yor.[28]<\/sup><\/a> ABD\u2019de \u00e7elik \u00fcretiminde karbon emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmaya y\u00f6nelik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, devletten 1,2 milyar ABD dolar\u0131 gibi devasa bir destek ald\u0131.[29]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n Daha ye\u015fil bir gelece\u011fe y\u00f6nelik de\u011fi\u015fim isteyenler sadece devletler ve \u00fcreticiler de\u011fil. Umut verici bir di\u011fer geli\u015fme de \u00e7elik \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini sat\u0131n alanlar\u0131n tutumlar\u0131nda ya\u015fanan de\u011fi\u015fim. \u0130nsanlar daha \u00e7evreci \u00fcr\u00fcnler i\u00e7in fazladan \u00f6deme yapmaya raz\u0131ysa bu b\u00fcy\u00fck bir avantaj ve \u00e7elik bunun en iyi \u00f6rneklerinden biri. En az\u0131ndan k\u0131sa vadede, \u201cye\u015fil \u00e7elik\u201d daha pahal\u0131 bir se\u00e7enek \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemlerine ge\u00e7i\u015f ek maliyetler getiriyor. Bu sorunu a\u015fman\u0131n bir yolu, \u201cye\u015fil prim\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan kavrama odaklanmakt\u0131r. Ye\u015fil prim, al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc sat\u0131n al\u0131rken alg\u0131lad\u0131klar\u0131 ek de\u011fere dayanarak kar\u015f\u0131lamaya haz\u0131r olduklar\u0131 ekstra maliyettir.<\/p>\n Ye\u015fil \u00e7elik s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda bu fark; \u00e7evresel s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu \u00fcretimle ilgili yasal d\u00fczenlemelere uyum ve marka itibar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rma gibi unsurlar\u0131 kaps\u0131yor. Baz\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerde, ye\u015fil \u00e7eli\u011fin maliyeti zaten neredeyse \u00f6nemsiz d\u00fczeyde. \u00d6rne\u011fin ara\u00e7 \u00fcretimini ele alal\u0131m. Temiz ula\u015ft\u0131rma ve enerji alan\u0131nda Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen savunucular\u0131ndan Transport & Environment<\/a>\u2019a g\u00f6re, 2050\u2019de elektrikli ara\u00e7larda %40 oran\u0131nda ye\u015fil \u00e7eli\u011fe ge\u00e7ilmesi, ara\u00e7 ba\u015f\u0131na sadece 57 Euro ek maliyet getiriyor.[30]<\/sup><\/a> Gezegenimizi korumak gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ama\u00e7 u\u011fruna \u00f6denecek g\u00f6rece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir bedel.<\/p>\n \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin olumsuz etkileri her yerde hissediliyorken daha \u00e7evreci \u00e7elik \u00fcretimine ge\u00e7i\u015f i\u00e7in zaman kaybetmemek \u015fart. WEF\u2019ye g\u00f6re \u00e7elik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn karbon n\u00f6tr gelecekte \u00f6nc\u00fc bir rol \u00fcstlenebilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki birka\u00e7 y\u0131l kritik \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor.[31]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n WEF \u201cK\u00fcresel ekonomi, emisyonlar\u0131 en h\u0131zl\u0131 ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda azaltacak \u015fekilde kaynaklar\u0131 verimli kullanmaya ba\u015flamal\u0131. Bu da \u00e7elik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6nceliklendirmek i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir gerek\u00e7e sunuyor,<\/em>\u201d diyor.<\/p>\n OECD de son y\u0131llarda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbonlu \u00e7elik \u00fcretimine y\u00f6nelik projelerde art\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funu belirtiyor. Bu alandaki ivme giderek g\u00fc\u00e7leniyor. IEA[32]<\/sup><\/a> da \u00e7elik \u015firketlerinin birlikte karbonsuzla\u015fma yolunda ilerleyebilmesi i\u00e7in \u201ce\u015fit rekabet ko\u015fullar\u0131\u201d \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulunuyor.<\/p>\n Geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilir olmas\u0131, \u00e7eli\u011fi ba\u015ftan itibaren \u00e7evre dostu bir malzeme haline getiriyor. \u00dcretim s\u00fcrecini karbon n\u00f6tr hale getirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla \u00e7eli\u011fin \u00e7evresel itibar\u0131 daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lenebilir.<\/p>\n Devletler bu zorlu\u011fu ciddiyetle ele al\u0131yor. Karbonsuzla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u00e7elik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn ekonomik \u00f6neminin fark\u0131ndalar. \u00d6zel sekt\u00f6r, risk ve f\u0131rsat dengeli bir \u015fekilde sunuldu\u011funda yeni \u00e7elik \u00fcretim teknolojilerine yat\u0131r\u0131m yapma konusunda daha istekli olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ye\u015fil \u00e7eli\u011fin daha y\u00fcksek maliyetine dair engeller, devlet deste\u011fi ve al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n bilin\u00e7lendirilmesiyle a\u015f\u0131labilir; b\u00f6ylece talep zamanla karbon n\u00f6tr alternatiflere kayabilir. \u00c7elik end\u00fcstrisindeki d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn sonraki ad\u0131mlar\u0131, \u00e7eli\u011fin icad\u0131 kadar \u00f6nemli ve etkili olabilir.<\/p>\n [1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/engineering\/automotive-steel<\/a><\/p>\n [2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/iron-and-steel-technology-roadmap<\/a><\/p>\n [3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/publications\/the-net-zero-industry-tracker\/in-full\/steel-industry\/<\/a><\/p>\n [4]<\/a> https:\/\/worldsteel.org\/climate-action\/climate-change-and-the-production-of-iron-and-steel\/<\/a><\/p>\n [5] https:\/\/worldsteel.org\/media\/press-releases\/2025\/december-2024-crude-steel-production-and-2024-global-totals<\/a><\/p>\n [6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/iron-and-steel-technology-roadmap<\/a><\/p>\n [7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iea.org\/energy-system\/industry\/steel<\/a><\/p>\n [8]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/industries\/metals-and-mining\/our-insights\/green-steel-hubs-a-pathway-to-decarbonize-the-steel-industry<\/a><\/p>\n [9]<\/a> https:\/\/www.deloitte.com\/content\/dam\/assets-shared\/docs\/collections\/2023\/gx-greenspace-tech-research-green-steel.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n [10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/stories\/2022\/07\/green-steel-emissions-net-zero\/<\/a><\/p>\n [11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/stories\/2023\/08\/why-steel-can-be-an-unexpected-leader-in-decarbonization\/<\/a><\/p>\n [12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/iron-and-steel-technology-roadmap<\/a><\/p>\n [13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/publications\/addressing-steel-decarbonisation-challenges-for-industry-and-policy_e6cb2f3c-en.html<\/a><\/p>\n [14]<\/a> https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/publications\/addressing-steel-decarbonisation-challenges-for-industry-and-policy_e6cb2f3c-en.html<\/a><\/p>\n [15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/stories\/2023\/08\/why-steel-can-be-an-unexpected-leader-in-decarbonization\/<\/a><\/p>\n [16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/industries\/metals-and-mining\/our-insights\/green-steel-hubs-a-pathway-to-decarbonize-the-steel-industry<\/a><\/p>\n [17]<\/a> https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/stories\/2022\/07\/green-steel-emissions-net-zero\/<\/a><\/p>\n [18]<\/a> https:\/\/masdar.ae\/en\/news\/newsroom\/masdar-and-emsteel-announce-successful-pilot-project-using-green-hydrogen-to-produce-green-steel<\/a><\/p>\n [19] https:\/\/www.mining-technology.com\/news\/green-steel-hydrogen\/<\/a><\/p>\n [20] https:\/\/www.esgtoday.com\/u-s-steel-launches-project-to-capture-50000-tons-of-carbon-per-year-at-steel-plant\/<\/a><\/p>\n [21]<\/a> https:\/\/arpa-e.energy.gov\/programs-and-initiatives\/search-all-projects\/low-carbon-iron-production-and-high-silicon-steel-manufacturing-lciphssm<\/a><\/p>\n [22]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ferrexpo.com\/what-we-do\/a-low-carbon-pathway\/<\/a><\/p>\n [23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.riotinto.com\/en\/news\/stories\/decarbonising-steel-making<\/a><\/p>\n [24]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/industries\/metals-and-mining\/our-insights\/green-steel-hubs-a-pathway-to-decarbonize-the-steel-industry<\/a><\/p>\n [25]<\/a> https:\/\/worldsteel.org\/climate-action\/climate-change-and-the-production-of-iron-and-steel\/<\/a><\/p>\n [26]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acuitykp.com\/blog\/public-private-funding-green-steel-production\/<\/a><\/p>\n [27]<\/a> https:\/\/hadea.ec.europa.eu\/news\/european-clean-steel-discover-hadeas-projects-towards-climate-neutrality-and-circularity-2025-03-19_en<\/a><\/p>\n [28]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iea.org\/policies\/13515-green-innovation-fund-hydrogen<\/a><\/p>\n [29]<\/a> https:\/\/www.acuitykp.com\/blog\/public-private-funding-green-steel-production\/<\/a><\/p>\n [30]<\/a> https:\/\/www.transportenvironment.org\/articles\/green-steel-can-cut-climate-impact-of-car-production-for-just-eur57-a-vehicle<\/a><\/p>\n [31]<\/a> https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/stories\/2023\/08\/why-steel-can-be-an-unexpected-leader-in-decarbonization\/<\/a><\/p>\n [32]<\/a> https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/iron-and-steel-technology-roadmap<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":124901,"template":"","tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2025\/11\/4567-Decarbonising-Steel-v1.0_001-scaled.jpg\")
\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n\u00c7elik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde karbon emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmaya y\u00f6nelik somut hedefler var m\u0131?<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2025\/11\/4567-Decarbonising-Steel-v1.0_002-scaled.jpg\")
<\/p>\n\u00c7eli\u011fin karbon ayak izini azaltmak i\u00e7in ba\u015fl\u0131ca yakla\u015f\u0131mlar neler?<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2025\/11\/4567-Decarbonising-Steel-v1.0_005-scaled.jpg\")
<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2025\/11\/4567-Decarbonising-Steel-v1.0_003-scaled.jpg\")
<\/p>\n\n
\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2025\/11\/4567-Decarbonising-Steel-v1.0_004-scaled.jpg\")
<\/p>\nDe\u011fi\u015fim konusunda ortak bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f var m\u0131?<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/media.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2025\/11\/4567-Decarbonising-Steel-v1.0_006-scaled.jpg\")
<\/p>\n\u00c7eli\u011fin karbonsuzla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda 5 k\u0131sa bilgi<\/h2>\n
\n
\n\u00c7elik \u00fcretimi, k\u00fcresel karbondioksit emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k %8\u2019ini olu\u015fturuyor. Bu oran, t\u00fcm a\u011f\u0131r sanayiler aras\u0131nda en y\u00fckse\u011fi.<\/li>\n
\nDeloitte\u2019a g\u00f6re, \u00e7elik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn karbon ayak izini azaltmak i\u00e7in 2050 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar yakla\u015f\u0131k 800 milyar dolarl\u0131k bir yat\u0131r\u0131ma ihtiya\u00e7 var.<\/li>\n
\n\u00c7in, k\u00fcresel \u00e7elik \u00fcretiminde a\u00e7\u0131k ara lider konumda. 2024 itibar\u0131yla d\u00fcnya genelinde \u00fcretilen 1,8 milyar tonun \u00fczerindeki \u00e7eli\u011fin %50\u2019sinden fazlas\u0131 \u00c7in taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretiliyor.<\/li>\n
\nBAE ve \u0130sve\u00e7 gibi \u00fclkelerde y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen ye\u015fil hidrojenle \u00e7elik \u00fcretimi projeleri, geleneksel y\u00f6ntemlere k\u0131yasla \u00e7elik \u00fcretiminden kaynaklanan CO\u2082 emisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 %95\u2019e varan oranda azaltma potansiyeli ta\u015f\u0131yor.<\/li>\n
\nTransport & Environment\u2019a g\u00f6re, 2050\u2019de elektrikli ara\u00e7larda %40 oran\u0131nda ye\u015fil \u00e7eli\u011fe ge\u00e7ilmesi, ara\u00e7 ba\u015f\u0131na sadece 57 Euro ek maliyet getiriyor.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n