Plastik her yerde bulunur. Plastik kal\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak, insan yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 da \u00f6yledir. Ve bu bizim kurtar\u0131c\u0131m\u0131z olabilir. Teknoloji \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na girerken, hala plastik \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda tak\u0131l\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zdan dolay\u0131, bizi bu kendi yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z hastal\u0131ktan kurtarabilecek olan \u015fey, yenilik kapasitemizdir.<\/p>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/02\/ALJ-Plastic-Pollution-Pathways.jpg\")
<\/p>\n
Bize s\u0131k s\u0131k plasti\u011fin sonsuz oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenir. \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcnmesinin \u00f6m\u00fcr boyu veya daha uzun s\u00fcrece\u011fi. Ekonomik olarak uygulanabilir bir alternatif olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131. Bu geleneksel bilgiler g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fckleri kadar belirsiz de\u011fil mi yoksa plastikle gelecekteki ili\u015fkimiz hen\u00fcz belirsiz mi?<\/p>\n
\u00d6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki f\u0131rsatlar\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in, \u00f6nce bu zorlu\u011fun do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 anlamal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Plastik konusundaki ger\u00e7ekleri kabullenmek zor<\/h2>\n
Bir\u00e7ok t\u00fcketici sekt\u00f6r\u00fc plastik at\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ele almak i\u00e7in ad\u0131mlar atm\u0131\u015f olsa da, sorun tek ba\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemeyecek kadar b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Plastikler, g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n her alan\u0131n\u0131 kapsar ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck markalar\u0131ndan baz\u0131lar\u0131na kadar uzanabilir.<\/p>\n
\u00c7evre savunma grubu Break Free of Plastic<\/a> taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, Coca-Cola, Pepsi ve Nestl\u00e9’nin art arda u\u00e7 y\u0131l boyunca d\u00fcnyadaki ilk \u00fc\u00e7 k\u00fcresel plastik \u2018kirletici\u2019 oldu\u011funu ortaya koymu\u015ftur.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n Bu y\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda, bu \u00fc\u00e7 marka ve Unilever, her y\u0131l geli\u015fmekte olan alt\u0131 \u00fclkede toplumumuzun plastik kirlili\u011finin 500.000 tonunun geldi\u011fi kaynak olarak su\u00e7land\u0131.[7]<\/a><\/p>\n Bu d\u00f6rt k\u00fcresel \u015firketin hepsi de plastik kirlili\u011fine katk\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in ad\u0131mlar at\u0131yor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Coca Cola plastik \u015fi\u015felerdeki geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f i\u00e7erik miktar\u0131n\u0131 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar %50\u2019ye \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 taahh\u00fct ederken, Nestle 2025 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar plastik ambalajlar\u0131n\u0131 %100 geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilir veya yeniden kullan\u0131labilir hale getirece\u011fini taahh\u00fct etti. Ama sorun, en<\/em> b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketler i\u00e7in bile tek ba\u015f\u0131na \u00fcstesinden gelinemeyecek kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck.<\/p>\n BM’ye g\u00f6re, plastik kal\u0131nt\u0131lar y\u0131lda yakla\u015f\u0131k bir milyon deniz ku\u015funun ve 100.000 deniz hayvan\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne neden olmaktad\u0131r.[8]<\/a><\/p>\n Plastikler, giderek daha da fark etti\u011fimiz gibi, sadece hayvan ya\u015fam\u0131na de\u011fil, insan ya\u015fam\u0131na da zararl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Uzunlu\u011fu 5 mm’den az olan mikroplastikler, \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 bir rahatl\u0131kla g\u0131da zincirine giriyor. Baz\u0131 tahminler her birimizin ayda ortalama 21 gram plastik t\u00fcketti\u011fimizi ve bu miktar\u0131n bir pirin\u00e7 kasesini yar\u0131ya kadar doldurabilece\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir.[9]<\/a><\/p>\n Kimse bunun iyi bir haber oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. Peki, plastiklere olan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in bir \u015fey yapmam\u0131z gerekmiyor mu?<\/p>\n Olay\u0131n derinlerine indi\u011fimizde, plastikleri hayat\u0131m\u0131zdan \u00e7\u0131karman\u0131n o kadar kolay olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. \u015eimdiye kadar \u00f6nerilen alternatiflerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 kendi dezavantajlar\u0131na sahip.<\/p>\n \u00d6rne\u011fin biyolojik olarak par\u00e7alanabilen \u015fi\u015feler, genellikle bitkilerden \u00fcretilir ve mikroplar\u0131n polimeri par\u00e7alayabilmesi i\u00e7in uygun y\u00fcksek \u0131s\u0131 ve nem seviyelerine sahip bir ortam gerektirir. Bu t\u00fcr \u015fi\u015feler ayr\u0131ca s\u0131kl\u0131kla do\u011fal \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnmeye dayan\u0131kl\u0131 astarlar veya kimyasallar i\u00e7erir.[10]<\/a><\/p>\n Tek kullan\u0131ml\u0131k plastik torba sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zme giri\u015fimleri, bu torbalar\u0131n y\u0131lda bir trilyondan fazla \u00fcretildi\u011fi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda takdire de\u011fer. Biyolojik olarak par\u00e7alanabilen torbalar k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sunmak i\u00e7in ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, ancak sevinmek i\u00e7in daha erkendi. Oxo-\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr torbalar (yani, temiz havada do\u011fal olarak bozunabilen torbalar) 2017 y\u0131l\u0131nda Suudi Arabistan’\u0131 okso olmayan malzemeden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f tek kullan\u0131ml\u0131k plastik torbalar\u0131 yasaklamaya sevk ederek \u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131r a\u00e7an bir unsur olarak kabul edildi. Ancak, daha sonra yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar okso torbalar\u0131n sadece ‘ortadan kalkmak’ yerine, bu korkun\u00e7 mikroplastiklere d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve ekosistemdeki yolculuklar\u0131na devam etti\u011fini g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.[11]<\/a> Ayr\u0131ca bu torbalar, hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 genellikle \u00e7evreye sera gazlar\u0131 sald\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6p sahalar\u0131nda sonland\u0131r\u0131rlar.[12]<\/a><\/p>\n Ka\u011f\u0131t torbalar\u0131n da dolayl\u0131 olsa bile orman tahribat\u0131 ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olduklar\u0131ndan \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc sorun yaratmalar\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bambu pipetler, Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 170 milyon plastik pipet i\u00e7in ideal bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de, \u00e7o\u011fu bambu \u00fcr\u00fcnler \u00c7in’de yeti\u015ftirilmektedir, bu nedenle d\u00fcnya genelinde nakliyeden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc \u00f6nemli bir karbon ayak izi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden olur.<\/p>\n Geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f plastikten \u00fcretilen k\u0131yafetler ve ayakkab\u0131lar asil bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de, eninde sonunda ekosisteme d\u00f6nmeden \u00f6nce plastiklere m\u00fc\u015fterilerin s\u0131rt\u0131 veya ayaklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde ge\u00e7ici bir yuva sa\u011flamaktan ibarettir.<\/p>\n G\u00fcnde \u00fc\u00e7 metreye kadar b\u00fcy\u00fcme avantaj\u0131na sahip olan deniz yosunu, en fazla alt\u0131 hafta i\u00e7inde biyolojik olarak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen agar<\/em> ad\u0131 verilen dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bir malzeme \u00fcretir; bununla birlikte, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n plastik i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6rmelerine kar\u015f\u0131 koymak i\u00e7in yeterli deniz yosunu \u00e7iftli\u011fi olu\u015fturmak, bilinmeyen sonu\u00e7lar yaratarak d\u00fcnyan\u0131n okyanuslar\u0131n\u0131n kompozisyonunu kimyasal olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirecektir.[13]<\/a><\/p>\n A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131, sorun karma\u015f\u0131k bir sorun ve sihirli \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulma \u00e7abalar\u0131 \u015fimdiye dek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kald\u0131. Yine de, daha uzun s\u00fcreli \u00e7evresel faydalar sa\u011flayabilecek plastik alternatifleri hakk\u0131nda ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar devam etmektedir: yal\u0131t\u0131m ve mobilya k\u00f6p\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yapmak i\u00e7in s\u00fct proteini; suya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 termoplastikler i\u00e7in tavuk t\u00fcyleri; \u00fcr\u00fcn ambalaj\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u00fcspe bazl\u0131 odun \u00f6z\u00fcnden s\u0131v\u0131 ah\u015fap; ve biyo\u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcr olan veya bu\u011fday ve \u015feker kam\u0131\u015f\u0131 gibi do\u011fal bile\u015fenlerle \u00fcretilen PCL, PHA ve PLA polyesterleri gibi.<\/p>\n Bu kavramlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p yayg\u0131n olarak benimsenene kadar, sular\u0131m\u0131z \u2018plastik gezegeni\u2019 y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc ta\u015f\u0131maya devam edecektir.<\/p>\n D\u00fcnyadaki art\u0131k plasti\u011fin \u00e7o\u011funun okyanuslar\u0131m\u0131zda oldu\u011fu, sahilde ya\u015fayan veya tatil yapan herkes i\u00e7in s\u00fcrpriz de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n Okyanus y\u00fczeyindeki g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr plastikler, t\u0131pk\u0131 buz da\u011flar\u0131 gibi, \u00e7ok daha k\u00f6t\u00fc bir sorunun ucunu g\u00f6stermektedir. Okyanuslardaki plastiklerin sadece %3’\u00fc serbest olarak y\u00fczmekte.[14]<\/a> World Resources Institute’a (WRI<\/a>) g\u00f6re buz da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n geri kalan\u0131, \u201cdeniz taban\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6kmekte, suda as\u0131l\u0131 kalmakta veya uzaktaki yerlerde birikerek okyanus temizli\u011fini zorla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r\u201d.<\/em>[15]<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n WRI<\/a>, sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zmek \u2013 veya en az\u0131ndan \u00e7\u00f6zmeye ba\u015flamak \u2013 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fc bir yakla\u015f\u0131m \u00f6nerir.<\/p>\n En etkili stratejilerin hem \u00e7evresel<\/em> hem de ekonomik faydalar sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 insan do\u011fas\u0131na ait bir ger\u00e7ektir.<\/em><\/p>\n \u00d6rne\u011fin Endonezya’n\u0131n Do\u011fu Java \u015fehrinde, 2019 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki kamu-\u00f6zel ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, yakla\u015f\u0131k 50.000 ki\u015filik bir topluluk i\u00e7in yeni bir at\u0131k y\u00f6netim sistemi yaratt\u0131 ve 80 i\u015f imkan\u0131 yarat\u0131rken ayn\u0131 zamanda 3.000 ton at\u0131k toplad\u0131.[16]<\/a><\/p>\n Abdul Latif Jameel Energy’nin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan Almar Water Solutions, be\u015f grup \u015firketinde plastik \u015fi\u015fe kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltma giri\u015fiminde bulundu. Ofislerdeki plastik \u015fi\u015feleri, su s\u00fcrahileri ve yeniden kullan\u0131labilir cam ve metal \u015fi\u015felerle de\u011fi\u015ftirerek, 25.000 kg civar\u0131nda plastik tasarrufu sa\u011flad\u0131 ve maliyetleri y\u0131lda yakla\u015f\u0131k 120.000 ABD Dolar\u0131 azaltt\u0131.<\/p>\n Siyasi olarak, h\u00fck\u00fcmetler daha k\u00f6t\u00fc ihtimalleri k\u0131s\u0131tlamak i\u00e7in yeni d\u00fczenlemeler getirerek plastik end\u00fcstrisine bask\u0131 uygulamaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n \u00d6rne\u011fin AB, 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda tek kullan\u0131ml\u0131k plastikler konusunda kat\u0131 yeni kurallar getirmi\u015ftir. Di\u011fer \u00f6nlemlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Tek Kullan\u0131ml\u0131k Plastik Direktifi, pamuk \u00e7ubuklar ve pipetler gibi pratik alternatiflerin zaten mevcut oldu\u011fu \u00fcr\u00fcnleri yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Direktif, ayr\u0131ca, sigara filtreleri ve bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ekipmanlar\u0131 gibi yayg\u0131n kirleticilerin \u00fcreticileri i\u00e7in temizleme olanaklar\u0131 sunmu\u015f, 2029 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar %90 plastik \u015fi\u015fe toplama hedefi belirlemi\u015f ve 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar t\u00fcm plastik \u015fi\u015felerde en az %30 geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f plastik hedefi koymu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Kenya’da \u00fcreticiler ve tedarik\u00e7iler 2017 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana plastik torbalar\u0131 kullanmalar\u0131 nedeniyle on binlerce dolar para cezas\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve s\u00fcpermarket zincirlerini m\u00fc\u015fterilere alternatif olarak kuma\u015f torbalar sunmaya ba\u015flamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in te\u015fvik etmi\u015ftir.[17]<\/a><\/p>\n Benzer \u015fekilde, 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k’ta plastik torbalar i\u00e7in \u00fccret almak \u00fczere getirilen yasalar, bug\u00fcne kadar 9 milyar torbaya (ve say\u0131ma) e\u015fde\u011fer olan tek kullan\u0131ml\u0131k ta\u015f\u0131y\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in talebi %80 oran\u0131nda azaltm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[18]<\/a><\/p>\n D\u00fcnyadaki plastiklerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu \u00fcretmekten sorumlu olan kimyasal end\u00fcstrisinin de, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenlemelerle ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ihtimalini hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yapmadan bekledi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenemez. Sekt\u00f6r, bunun yerine 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar tahminlere g\u00f6re y\u0131lda 55 milyar ABD dolar\u0131na kadar k\u00e2r sa\u011flayan geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme dayanan yeni ve karl\u0131 giri\u015fimleri ke\u015ffetmek i\u00e7in \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6rdeki ivmeyi s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.[19]<\/a><\/p>\n \u015eu anda d\u00fcnya genelinde plastiklerin sadece yakla\u015f\u0131k %16’s\u0131 yeniden i\u015flenmektedir. At\u0131k sahas\u0131 veya yakma i\u00e7in belirlenen geri kalan oran, potansiyel de\u011ferinin asla a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 ger\u00e7ek at\u0131k olarak kabul edilebilir.<\/p>\n Tekrar kullan\u0131m \u00fc\u00e7 alan\u0131 kapsar:<\/p>\n End\u00fcstri \u015fu anda bu s\u00fcre\u00e7leri optimize etmenin yollar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00d6rne\u011fin mekanik geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmde, geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u0131ras\u0131nda bozulmay\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in re\u00e7ine kalitesinin korunmas\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir zorluktur.<\/p>\n Bu arada, hammadde \u00fcretiminde piroliz gibi geli\u015fmekte olan teknolojiler, esnek ambalaj gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kaliteli kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k plastiklerin (mevcut makinelerin alamad\u0131\u011f\u0131) yeniden i\u015flenmesini sa\u011flayabilir.<\/p>\n K\u00fcresel dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k \u015firketi McKinsey, 2030 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclen plastik miktar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131lda be\u015f kat artarak 220 milyon metrik tona \u00e7\u0131kabilece\u011fine inan\u0131yor.[20]<\/a> \u0130malat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc i\u015f modellerinin \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline getirmek i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirdikleri al\u00fcminyum ve ka\u011f\u0131t end\u00fcstrileri \u00f6rnek \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, McKinsey, kimyasal end\u00fcstrisinin \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini (uzun) \u00f6m\u00fcrleri boyunca paraya \u00e7evirmek i\u00e7in geni\u015f bir kapsam g\u00f6r\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n Baz\u0131 kimya \u015firketleri zaten temel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yapmakta. Borealis (Avusturya) ve LyondellBasell (Hollanda), Avrupa’da polimer geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm \u015firketleri sat\u0131n alan \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u015firketten ikisi. SABIC (Suudi Arabistan), plastik at\u0131klar\u0131n yeniden i\u015flenmesi i\u00e7in daha y\u00fcksek marjlar sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla yeni nesil piroliz ve kimyasal geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm y\u00f6ntemleri geli\u015ftirmekte.<\/p>\n McKinsey, geleneksel hammaddelerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f plastikleri kabul edebilen \u2018tamamen entegre\u2019 i\u015fleme tesislerinin gelecekte hayat\u0131m\u0131zda olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rmekte \u2013 at\u0131k bazl\u0131 yak\u0131tlar, varil ba\u015f\u0131na 65 ABD Dolar\u0131 de\u011ferinde petrol bazl\u0131 yak\u0131tlarla rekabet edebilir hale gelmekte.<\/p>\n Pazar\u0131n h\u0131zla de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fi ve teknolojinin h\u0131z\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in yar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k. \u0130leride g\u00f6rece\u011fimiz gibi, COVID-19 gibi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen olaylar di\u011fer i\u015f f\u0131rsatlar\u0131na destek olabilir.<\/p>\n Koronavir\u00fcs pandemisi, ki\u015fisel koruyucu ekipman (KKE) i\u00e7in d\u00fcnyan\u0131n i\u015ftah\u0131n\u0131 kabartt\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu plastiktir ve tek kullan\u0131ml\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u00c7in’de, salg\u0131n \u00f6ncesi 20 milyona k\u0131yasla \u015eubat itibar\u0131yla g\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak 116 milyon y\u00fcz maskesi \u00fcretiliyordu. K\u00fcresel y\u00fcz maskesi sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda 800 milyon ABD dolar\u0131na k\u0131yasla 2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda 116 milyar ABD dolar\u0131na y\u00fckselmesi beklenmektedir.[21]<\/a> Tayland’da plastik at\u0131klar, May\u0131s ay\u0131nda pandemi \u00f6ncesi 5.500 tonluk orandan, pandemi sonras\u0131nda g\u00fcnl\u00fck 6.300 tona \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n Plastik dalgalanmas\u0131n\u0131n maliyeti turizm, bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l\u0131k ve ula\u015f\u0131m gibi sekt\u00f6rlerde 40 milyar ABD dolar\u0131na ula\u015fabilir.<\/p>\n Karanl\u0131k COVID-19 d\u00f6neminde online al\u0131\u015fveri\u015fe do\u011fru k\u00fcresel bir de\u011fi\u015fim, plastik ambalajlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131nda artmaya yol a\u00e7t\u0131. Sadece Singapur’da, evlerin sekiz haftal\u0131k yaz karantinas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u0131da teslimatlar\u0131ndan 1.134 ton ambalaj at\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretti\u011fi tahmin ediliyordu.<\/p>\n Geli\u015fmekte olan pazarlardaki ileri g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc organizasyonlar bu beklenmedik f\u0131rsatlara atlamay\u0131 beklemektedir.<\/p>\n \u0130\u015f analizi ve ara\u015ft\u0131rma firmas\u0131 Oxford Business Group \u015funlar\u0131 belirtiyor:<\/p>\n Bu yeni giri\u015fimler okyanusta bir damla gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir, ancak bir araya geldiklerinde, inovasyonun ko\u015fullarla \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n, en zorlu ikilemler i\u00e7in bile \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sa\u011flayabilece\u011fini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n E\u011fer i\u015fin ucunda daha az plastik, daha az kimyasal ve daha temiz okyanuslardan olu\u015fan bir d\u00fcnyaya kavu\u015fulacaksa, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n plastik sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zerken ayn\u0131 zamanda k\u00e2r da elde etmenin etik olmayan hi\u00e7bir taraf\u0131 yoktur. Hatta bu, hareketi devrime d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmenin tek yolu olabilir.<\/p>\n Devlet m\u00fcdahalesinin, t\u00fcketti\u011fimiz plastik miktar\u0131n\u0131 azaltarak temel seviyede nas\u0131l somut farklar yaratabilece\u011fini g\u00f6zlemledik. Ve de ister kimyasal sekt\u00f6r devleri, ister yenilik\u00e7i yeni \u015firketler olsun \u00f6zel \u015firketlerin, zaten mevcut olan plastikleri hayat\u0131m\u0131zda i\u015fe yaramaya devam edebilecek faydal\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlere nas\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rd\u00fck \u2013 bu t\u00fcr bir son, plastikler i\u00e7in hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 zararl\u0131 birer at\u0131k olarak sonland\u0131rmaktan \u00e7ok daha iyi.<\/p>\n Burada, Abdul Latif Jameel<\/a> gibi sosyal bilinci olan kurulu\u015flar\u0131n ye\u015fil yat\u0131r\u0131m portf\u00f6ylerini<\/a> daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek ve herkesin ya\u015fam altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00f6zel yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na ilham verebilecek bir pazar f\u0131rsat\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fimiz var.<\/p>\n Ger\u00e7ekten de, paray\u0131 etik ama\u00e7lara y\u00f6nlendirmek giderek artan bir trenddir. ESG (\u00c7evresel, Sosyal ve Y\u00f6neti\u015fim) yat\u0131r\u0131m konsepti, acil iklim durumu gibi konulara ili\u015fkin k\u00fcresel fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n artmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar, paralar\u0131n\u0131n neleri ba\u015farabilece\u011fini<\/em> ve neleri kazand\u0131rabilece\u011fini<\/em> giderek daha fazla merak ettikleri i\u00e7in plastik sorunu bu durumdan faydalanabilir.<\/p>\n ESG fonlar\u0131 2025 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar \u00fc\u00e7 kat artacak ve Avrupa fon sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki paylar\u0131 bu zaman diliminde %15’ten %57’ye y\u00fckselecek. K\u0131ta genelinde bu heyecanla desteklenen s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir yat\u0131r\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki be\u015f y\u0131l [23]<\/a>i\u00e7inde 7,6 trilyon \u20ac’ya ula\u015fmas\u0131 bekleniyor.<\/p>\n Plastikler bu ESG dalgas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n saflar\u0131nda yer alabilir; hatta bir anket, be\u015fte d\u00f6rtten fazla potansiyel yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n ticari plastik azaltma giri\u015fimlerine fon yat\u0131rmaya istekli oldu\u011funu g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Ankette, bu t\u00fcr yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n \u201ciki kat k\u00e2rl\u0131l\u0131k: paralar\u0131n\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc nedeniyle d\u00fcnyay\u0131 daha s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir yer k\u0131lma\u201d hedefini olumlu kar\u015f\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtiliyor.[24]<\/a><\/p>\n \u00d6zel sekt\u00f6r, ESG fonlamas\u0131 yoluyla, etik yat\u0131r\u0131ma h\u00fck\u00fcmetlere g\u00f6re daha \u00f6ncelikli bir yakla\u015f\u0131m kapasitesini ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. \u00d6zel sermayenin \u2018do\u011fru olan\u0131 yapma\u2019 potansiyelini sergilemekte olanlar, aralar\u0131nda Abdul Latif Jameel gibi pek \u00e7ok i\u015fletmenin de yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131, ger\u00e7ek anlamda ileriye d\u00f6n\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnen i\u015fletmelerdir.<\/p>\n Hay\u0131rseverlik yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n da \u00f6nemli bir yeri bulunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bunlar yeni ve yenilik\u00e7i ara\u015ft\u0131rmalarda daha yukar\u0131 ak\u0131\u015fl\u0131 olma e\u011filimindedir ve hepsi hayata ge\u00e7irilemeyebilir.<\/p>\n Ancak, \u015fu anda \u00f6nemli ve anlaml\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir farklar yaratmak i\u00e7in g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn i\u015f davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekten y\u00f6nlendirebilecek olan fakt\u00f6r, \u00f6zel sermaye ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n Kendi durum tespitimizin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak, \u00f6zellikle \u00f6zel pazarlarda t\u00fcm yat\u0131r\u0131m stratejilerimizin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fini de\u011ferlendiriyoruz. Sadece \u00e7evresel fakt\u00f6rler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda i\u015f modelinin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da. \u00d6rne\u011fin, karbona ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 bir enerji fonuna yat\u0131r\u0131m yapma ihtimalimiz \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. T\u00fcm yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lar gibi, bizim ilkemiz de kabul edilebilir bir finansal getiri yaratmakt\u0131r ve iklim ve \u00e7evredeki s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fin bunu ba\u015farmada kritik fakt\u00f6rler oldu\u011funa inan\u0131yoruz – bu nedenle yenilenebilir enerji, elektrikli ara\u00e7lar ve su teknolojileri gibi alanlara yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z yat\u0131r\u0131mlar \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Bu son kategoriye, suyu tuzdan ar\u0131nd\u0131rma, at\u0131k su ar\u0131tma ve yeniden kullan\u0131m ve de su \u00fcr\u00fcnleri dahildir.<\/p>\n Elbette, plasti\u011fe daha az ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 bir d\u00fcnya i\u00e7in daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir tetikleyici fakt\u00f6r, k\u00fcresel bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131nda kademeli \u2013 fakat h\u0131zl\u0131 \u2013 bir de\u011fi\u015fimden gelebilir.<\/p>\n Hepimizin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n fark\u0131nda oldu\u011fu ve ki\u015fisel bir su\u00e7luluk duygusu ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131n\u0131rsa, plastik bir \u015fi\u015fede bir i\u00e7ecek veya plastik bir tepside paketlenmi\u015f g\u0131dalar al\u0131rken bunun hakl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde, yaln\u0131zca b\u00fcy\u00fck bir isteksizlik sonucu yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel \u2018ana\u2019 bekledi\u011fimizden de yak\u0131n bir tarihte eri\u015fmemiz m\u00fcmk\u00fcn.<\/p>\n Yaln\u0131zca \u2013 toplumsal, ticari ve tabii ki ki\u015fisel \u2013 \u00f6nceliklerimizi de\u011fi\u015ftirmek, g\u00f6zlerimizi \u00f6denen ger\u00e7ek bedellere \u00e7evirmek ve yeni inovasyonlar\u0131 uygun maliyetli hale getirmek yoluyla plastik sorununa uzun d\u00f6nemli bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm getirebiliriz.<\/p>\n Abdul Latif Jameel’de, bu an\u0131n bizim eri\u015fimimiz dahilinde olmas\u0131 ve birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak toplumumuz ve gezegenimiz i\u00e7in s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir, plastiksiz bir gelecek in\u015fa edebilmemiz konusunda ger\u00e7ekten umutluyum.<\/p>\n [1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/282732\/global-production-of-plastics-since-1950\/<\/span><\/p>\n [2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.waterdocs.ca\/water-talk\/2018\/4\/7\/facts-about-bottled-water<\/span><\/p>\n [3]<\/a> https:\/\/www.waterdocs.ca\/water-talk\/2018\/4\/7\/facts-about-bottled-water<\/span><\/p>\n [4]<\/a> https:\/\/www.waterdocs.ca\/water-talk\/2018\/4\/7\/facts-about-bottled-water<\/span><\/p>\n [5]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2016\/jan\/19\/more-plastic-than-fish-in-the-sea-by-2050-warns-ellen-macarthur<\/span><\/p>\n [6]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2020\/dec\/07\/coca-cola-pepsi-and-nestle-named-top-plastic-polluters-for-third-year-in-a-row?<\/span><\/p>\n [7]<\/a> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2020\/mar\/31\/report-reveals-massive-plastic-pollution-footprint-of-drinks-firms<\/span><\/p>\n [8]<\/a> http:\/\/www.unesco.org\/new\/en\/natural-sciences\/ioc-oceans\/focus-areas\/rio-20-ocean\/blueprint-for-the-future-we-want\/marine-pollution\/facts-and-figures-on-marine-pollution\/<\/span><\/p>\n [9]<\/a> https:\/\/graphics.reuters.com\/ENVIRONMENT-PLASTIC\/0100B4TF2MQ\/index.html<\/span><\/p>\n [10]<\/a> https:\/\/www.globalcitizen.org\/en\/content\/plastic-alternatives-doing-harm\/<\/span><\/p>\n [11]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org\/assets\/downloads\/publications\/NPEC-Hybrid_English_22-11-17_Digital.pdf<\/span><\/p>\n [12]<\/a> https:\/\/www.thequint.com\/news\/environment\/plastic-biodegradable-environment-reuse-recycle<\/span><\/p>\n [13]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wired.co.uk\/article\/plastic-alternatives<\/span><\/p>\n [14]<\/a> https:\/\/oceanpanel.org\/blue-papers\/leveraging-target-strategies-to-address-plastic-pollution-in-the-context<\/span><\/p>\n [15]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wri.org\/blog\/2020\/05\/how-to-reduce-plastic-ocean-pollution<\/span><\/p>\n [16]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wri.org\/blog\/2020\/05\/how-to-reduce-plastic-ocean-pollution<\/span><\/p>\n [17]<\/a> https:\/\/uk.reuters.com\/article\/uk-kenya-plastic\/kenya-imposes-worlds-toughest-law-against-plastic-bags-idUKKCN1B80PZ<\/span><\/p>\n [18]<\/a> https:\/\/www.wri.org\/blog\/2020\/05\/how-to-reduce-plastic-ocean-pollution<\/span><\/p>\n [19]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/industries\/chemicals\/our-insights\/no-time-to-waste-what-plastics-recycling-could-offer<\/span><\/p>\n [20]<\/a> https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/industries\/chemicals\/our-insights\/no-time-to-waste-what-plastics-recycling-could-offer<\/span><\/p>\n [21]<\/a> https:\/\/oxfordbusinessgroup.com\/news\/can-covid-19-plastic-waste-problem-generate-business-opportunities?utm_source=Oxford%20Business%20Group&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=11826503_Covid-19_Plastics_September%2016_EU&utm_content=EIA-recycling-16-Sept&dm_i=1P7V,71HDZ,S7I7K1,SENOP,1<\/span><\/p>\n [22]<\/a> https:\/\/oxfordbusinessgroup.com\/news\/can-covid-19-plastic-waste-problem-generate-business-opportunities?utm_source=Oxford%20Business%20Group&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=11826503_Covid-19_Plastics_September%2016_EU&utm_content=EIA-recycling-16-Sept&dm_i=1P7V,71HDZ,S7I7K1,SENOP,1<\/span><\/p>\n [23]<\/a> https:\/\/www.ft.com\/content\/5cd6e923-81e0-4557-8cff-a02fb5e01d42<\/span><\/p>\n![\"ALJ](\"https:\/\/www.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/02\/ALJ-Plastic-Pollution-Waste.jpg\")
<\/p>\n(Plastik) kutunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/02\/ALJ-Plastic-Pollution-Time.jpg\")
<\/p>\nDerin bir sorun i\u00e7in ortaya at\u0131lan fikirler<\/h2>\n
![\"Crab](\"https:\/\/www.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/02\/rsz_20190307_gp_sib_d7_dk1_00260_with_watermark-300x200.jpg\")
\nFoto\u011fraf\u0131n Sahibi: \u00a9 Noel Guevara \/ EPA yoluyla Greenpeace<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n
![\"Almar](\"https:\/\/www.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Iniciativa-Agua-10-300x225.jpeg\")
Bu proje, plastik \u00e7\u0131kmaz\u0131na ger\u00e7ek bir ad\u0131m atmaya ba\u015flayabilecek giri\u015fimlerden sadece bir tanesini sunuyor. Bireylerden en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketlere kadar herkes plastik t\u00fcketimini azaltmada rol oynayabilir. Bu, Abdul Latif Jameel’de ciddiye ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z bir sorumluluktur.<\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/02\/ALJ-Plastic-Pollution-System-Change.jpg\")
<\/p>\nPlastik kirlili\u011fi devrimini te\u015fvik etmek<\/h2>\n
\n
![\"ALJ](\"https:\/\/www.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/02\/ALJ-Plastic-Pollution-Petrochemicals.jpg\")
<\/p>\nPlastik pandemisinde yolumuzu bulma<\/h2>\n
![\"Macaques](\"https:\/\/www.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Macaques-masks-300x200.jpeg\")
\n
Plastiksiz bir gelece\u011fe yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmak<\/h2>\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.alj.com\/app\/uploads\/2021\/02\/ALJ-Plastic-Pollution-Sustainable-Investing.jpg\")
<\/p>\n